Metabolic Regulation

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Volumes in Series

Chapter I Adenine Nucleotides as Stoichiometric Coupling Agents in Metabolism and as Regulatory Modifiers: The Adenylate Energy Charge

I. Introduction

II. Coupling Stoichiometries in Metabolism

III. Regulation of Metabolism

IV. Discussion

V. Summary

References

Chapter 2 Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis in Animal Tissues

I. Introduction

II. Generation of Extramitochondrial Acetyl-CoA and Reducing Equivalents

III. Probable Control Sites

IV. Regulation via Alteration in Enzyme Level

V. Regulation via Metabolite Effectors

References

Chapter 3 Regulation of Cytochrome Biosynthesis in Some Eukaryotes

I. Introduction

II. Lower Eukaryotes

III. Higher Eukaryotes

References

Chapter 4 δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase and the Control of Heme and Chlorophyll Synthesis

I. Intermediates and Genes of the Heme-Chlorophyll-B12 Biosynthetic Chain

II. ALA-Synthetase in Liver

III. Induction of ALA-Synthetase by Chemicals, Drugs, and Steroids

IV. Some Properties of the Inducing System of ALA-Synthetase in Liver

V. Factors That Affect the Induction of ALA-Synthetase

VI. Possbile Mechanisms for the Induction of ALA-Synthetase in Liver

VII. ALA-Synthetase and Hemoglobin Synthesis

VIII. Chlorophyll Synthesis and Its Controls

IX. Summary

References

Chapter 5 Transfer RNA and Regulation at the Translational Level

I. Introduction

II. Proposed Models for tRNA Function in Regulation

III. Approaches to the Study of Changing tRNA Populations in Developing Systems

IV. Evidence of tRNA and Aminoacyl-tRNA Modification

V. Conclusions

References

Chapter 6 Regulation of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells

I. Introduction

II. The Eukaryotic Cell

III. Genetic Information

IV. Hormone Action

V. A Model

VI. The Role of the Steroid Hormone

VII. Regulation of Gene Expression in Other Mammalian Systems

VIII. Genetic Studies

References

Chapter 7 Gene Clusters and the Regulation of Biosynthetic Pathways in Fungi

I. Channeling

II. Carbamyl Phosphate Regulation

III. Tryptophan Synthetase

IV. Arom Region

V. Tryptophan Biosynthesis

VI. Histidine Pathway

VII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 Regulation of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis de Novo

III. Interconversions

IV. Exogenous Utilization

References

Chapter 9 Regulation in the L-Arabinose System

I. Introduction

II. Mutant Isolation

III. Mapping of Mutant Sites

IV. The Enzymes and Structural Genes in the ara OIBAD Operon

V. L-Arabinose Transport, Gene araE, and the Arabinose-Binding Protein

VI. The Regulatory Gene araC and the Repressor ⇄ Activator Protein

VII. Controlling Sites

VIII. Dual-Effect Mutations in the Structural Genes of the L-Arabinose Operon OIBAD, Nonsense and Missense Mutations, and Self Catabolite Repression

IX. Molecular Model for Regulation

X. Alternative Models to Positive Control

References

Chapter 10 Regulating the Lac Operon

I. Introduction

II. From Gene to Enzyme

III. Catabolite Repression

IV. Regulation of the Lac Operon

References

Chapter 11 The Histidine Operon and Its Regulation

I. Introduction

II. The Enzymes

III. The Operon

IV. Repression Control

V. Appendix: Bacterial Mutations

References

Chapter 12 Regulation of Tryptophan Synthesis

I. Introduction

II. Historical Background

III. Gene-Enzyme Relationships in the Tryptophan Biosynthetic Pathway

IV. End-Product Inhibition Regulating Tryptophan Synthesis

V. Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis

VI. The Tryptophan Operon and Its Controlling Elements

VII. Mode of Transcription, Translation, and Polarity

VIII. The Metabolic Network

References

Chapter 13 The Regulation of Enzyme Levels in the Pathways to the Branched-Chain Amino Acids

I. Introduction

II. The leu Gene Cluster and Its Expression

III. The ilv Gene Cluster and Its Expression

IV. Possible Models for Repression of the ilv and leu Gene Clusters

References

Chapter 14 The Arginine Biosynthetic System and Its Regulation

I. Introduction

II. Arginine Biosynthetic System

III. Models of Regulation

IV. Mechanism of Repression in the Arginine System

References

Chapter 15 The Regulation of Penicillinase Synthesis in Gram-Positive Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. Penicillin: Action and Reactions

III. Inducible Penicillinase Synthesis in Gram-Positive Bacteria

IV. Discussion

References

Author Index

Subject Index