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Metabolic Phenotyping in Personalized and Public Healthcare
1st Edition - February 11, 2016
Editors: Jeremy Nicholson, Ara Darzi, Elaine Holmes, John C. Lindon
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 3 4 4 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 4 1 4 - 2
Metabolic Phenotyping in Personalized and Public Healthcare provides information on the widespread recognition that a personalized or stratified approach to patient treatment may… Read more
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Metabolic Phenotyping in Personalized and Public Healthcare provides information on the widespread recognition that a personalized or stratified approach to patient treatment may offer a more efficient and effective healthcare solution than phenotype-led approaches.In order to achieve that objective, a deep personal description is required at the level of the genome, proteome, metabolome, or preferably a combination of these aided by technology. This book, edited and written by the outstanding luminaries of this evolving field, evaluates metabolic profiling and its uses across personalized and population healthcare, while also covering the advent of new technology fields, such as surgical metabonomics. In addition, the text presents specific examples of where this technology has been used clinically and with efficacy, pointing towards a framework and protocol for usage as it hits the clinical mainstream.
- Translates the conjunction of new surgical tools for intraoperative, real-time, metabolite evaluation and direct analysis of biofluid samples into novel options for augmented clinical decision-making
- Discusses longitudinal sampling from individual patients for stratified medicine
- Covers high resolution analytical spectroscopy and sophisticated computational modelling for prediction of adverse reactions in critical care scenarios, prognostic evaluation of cancer from biofluidism, and prognostic prediction of metabolism or response of patients to pharmaceutical interventions
- Encapsulates recent technology options for broader population profiling considerations, in particular, the metabolome-wide association studies (MWAS) that aid the translational researcher in identifying metabolic patterns associated with disease
- Foreword written by Professor Dame Sally Davies who is the Chief Medical Officer for England
Principally genomics and metabolomics researchers, translational biologists, bioanalytical chemists, biochemists, related clinicians, and anyone more broadly interested in systems-level approaches, whether in systems biology, biotechnology, toxicology or pharmaceutical sciences
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
1. Unmet Medical Needs
Abstract
1.1 A Historical Perspective
1.2 Unmet Medical Needs
1.3 Addressing the Problems
1.4 Personalized Medicine
1.5 Personalized Medicine: The Role of Metabolic Phenotyping
References
2. The Development of Metabolic Phenotyping—A Historical Perspective
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The 20th Century
2.3 The COMET Project for Drug Toxicity
2.4 Attempts to Define Biofluid Composition and Standardize Procedures
2.5 Early Efforts at Integrating Metabolic Phenotyping Data With Other “-Omics” Data
2.6 Population Scale Studies and Biomarkers of Disease Risk
2.7 Predictive Metabolic Phenotyping and its Application to Stratified Medicine
2.8 Monitoring the Patient Journey
2.9 Phenome Center Concept
2.10 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
References
3. Phenotyping the Patient Journey
Abstract
3.1 Bottlenecks in the Patient Journey
3.2 What Does a Good Patient Journey Look Like?
3.3 The Role of Metabolic Profiling in the Patient Journey
3.4 Stratified and Personalized Health Care
3.5 Data Visualization for the Physician
3.6 Communication With the Patient and Family: Improving the Patient Experience
3.7 Implementing Clinical Metabolic Phenotyping in the Patient Journey: The Clinical Phenome Center Concept
References
4. Precision Surgery and Surgical Spectroscopy
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Surgery as a Model for Studying Metabolism
4.3 Molecular Phenotyping and Sample Phenotyping
4.4 Current Challenges in Surgical Cancer Biomarker Discovery
4.5 Chemical Biopsy and Chemistry in the Clinic
4.6 Lipid Metabolism in Cancer
4.7 “Intelligent” Surgical Devices
4.8 Rapid evaporative Ionization–Mass Spectrometry
4.9 Summary and Conclusions
References
5. High-Throughput Metabolic Screening
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sample Procedures
5.3 Analytical Platforms
5.4 Bioinformatics Processes for High-Throughput Analysis
References
6. Pharmacometabonomics and Predictive Metabonomics: New Tools for Personalized Medicine
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Discovery of Pharmacometabonomics
6.3 The Use of Pharmacometabonomics for the Prediction of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism
6.4 The Use of Pharmacometabonomics for the Prediction of Drug Safety and Drug Efficacy
6.5 Predictive Metabonomics
6.6 Future Developments
References
7. Population Screening for Biological and Environmental Properties of the Human Metabolic Phenotype: Implications for Personalized Medicine
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Defining the Metabolic Phenotype
7.3 The Human Exposome
7.4 Population Screening
7.5 Metabolic Phenotyping for Environmental Exposures
7.6 Case Study
7.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. Handing on Health to the Next Generation: Early Life Exposures
Abstract
8.1 Why it is Important to Hand on Good Health to the Next Generation
8.2 The Influence of the Early Life Environment
8.3 The Development of Metabolism in Neonates
8.4 The Marriage of the Microbiome and Human Metabolism
8.5 Conditions in Pregnancy Affecting Offspring
8.6 Postnatal Factors that Influence Downstream Health
8.7 Proposed Strategy for a Metabonomic Framework for Monitoring Maternal and Infant Health
8.8 Summary
References
9. The Aging Superorganism
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Systems Biology of Aging
9.3 Nutrition, Diet, and Calorific Restriction
9.4 The Aging Superorganism
9.5 Microbiome Immune Modulation and Inflamm-Aging
9.6 Diseases of the Aging Population: ALZHEIMER’S Disease and Dementia
9.7 Personalized Health Care in an Aging Population
9.8 Who Wants to Live Forever?
References
10. Phenome Centers and Global Harmonization
Abstract
10.1 Phenomics and the Human Condition
10.2 Phenomics: A Focus on Outputs
10.3 The Gene–Protein Axis
10.4 The Difference Between Metabolomics and Phenomics
10.5 The Value Proposition of Phenomics Research
10.6 Phenome Centers in 21st Century Health Research and Medicine
10.7 The Utility of Phenomics in Health Care
10.8 The Value of Phenome Centers in Health Research
10.9 The Limitations and Challenges to Realizing the Potential of Phenomics and Phenome Centers
Conclusions
Endnotes
References
11. From Databases to Big Data
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Reference Chemical Databases
11.3 Databases Containing Metabolomics-Based Experiments
11.4 Conclusions: The Challenges of Metabolomics Big Data
References
12. Modeling People and Populations: Exploring Medical Visualization Through Immersive Interactive Virtual Environments
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Modalities and Methods in Medical Visualization
12.3 Big Data and Their Management
12.4 Immersive Interactive Virtual Environments
Conclusions
References
13. Future Visions for Clinical Metabolic Phenotyping: Prospects and Challenges
Abstract
13.1 Development of Metabolic Phenotyping
13.2 Current Status of Metabolic Phenotyping
13.3 Technologic Challenges for Integration of Metabolic Phenotyping Into Medicine
13.4 The Human Being as a Supra-Organism
13.5 Prospects for Metabolic Phenotyping in Clinical Medicine and Epidemiology
13.6 Potential New Metabolic Phenotyping Outputs
13.7 Possible Impacts of Metabolic Phenotyping in Medicine
References
Index
Preface
List of Contributors
1. Unmet Medical Needs
Abstract
1.1 A Historical Perspective
1.2 Unmet Medical Needs
1.3 Addressing the Problems
1.4 Personalized Medicine
1.5 Personalized Medicine: The Role of Metabolic Phenotyping
References
2. The Development of Metabolic Phenotyping—A Historical Perspective
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The 20th Century
2.3 The COMET Project for Drug Toxicity
2.4 Attempts to Define Biofluid Composition and Standardize Procedures
2.5 Early Efforts at Integrating Metabolic Phenotyping Data With Other “-Omics” Data
2.6 Population Scale Studies and Biomarkers of Disease Risk
2.7 Predictive Metabolic Phenotyping and its Application to Stratified Medicine
2.8 Monitoring the Patient Journey
2.9 Phenome Center Concept
2.10 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
References
3. Phenotyping the Patient Journey
Abstract
3.1 Bottlenecks in the Patient Journey
3.2 What Does a Good Patient Journey Look Like?
3.3 The Role of Metabolic Profiling in the Patient Journey
3.4 Stratified and Personalized Health Care
3.5 Data Visualization for the Physician
3.6 Communication With the Patient and Family: Improving the Patient Experience
3.7 Implementing Clinical Metabolic Phenotyping in the Patient Journey: The Clinical Phenome Center Concept
References
4. Precision Surgery and Surgical Spectroscopy
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Surgery as a Model for Studying Metabolism
4.3 Molecular Phenotyping and Sample Phenotyping
4.4 Current Challenges in Surgical Cancer Biomarker Discovery
4.5 Chemical Biopsy and Chemistry in the Clinic
4.6 Lipid Metabolism in Cancer
4.7 “Intelligent” Surgical Devices
4.8 Rapid evaporative Ionization–Mass Spectrometry
4.9 Summary and Conclusions
References
5. High-Throughput Metabolic Screening
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sample Procedures
5.3 Analytical Platforms
5.4 Bioinformatics Processes for High-Throughput Analysis
References
6. Pharmacometabonomics and Predictive Metabonomics: New Tools for Personalized Medicine
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Discovery of Pharmacometabonomics
6.3 The Use of Pharmacometabonomics for the Prediction of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism
6.4 The Use of Pharmacometabonomics for the Prediction of Drug Safety and Drug Efficacy
6.5 Predictive Metabonomics
6.6 Future Developments
References
7. Population Screening for Biological and Environmental Properties of the Human Metabolic Phenotype: Implications for Personalized Medicine
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Defining the Metabolic Phenotype
7.3 The Human Exposome
7.4 Population Screening
7.5 Metabolic Phenotyping for Environmental Exposures
7.6 Case Study
7.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. Handing on Health to the Next Generation: Early Life Exposures
Abstract
8.1 Why it is Important to Hand on Good Health to the Next Generation
8.2 The Influence of the Early Life Environment
8.3 The Development of Metabolism in Neonates
8.4 The Marriage of the Microbiome and Human Metabolism
8.5 Conditions in Pregnancy Affecting Offspring
8.6 Postnatal Factors that Influence Downstream Health
8.7 Proposed Strategy for a Metabonomic Framework for Monitoring Maternal and Infant Health
8.8 Summary
References
9. The Aging Superorganism
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Systems Biology of Aging
9.3 Nutrition, Diet, and Calorific Restriction
9.4 The Aging Superorganism
9.5 Microbiome Immune Modulation and Inflamm-Aging
9.6 Diseases of the Aging Population: ALZHEIMER’S Disease and Dementia
9.7 Personalized Health Care in an Aging Population
9.8 Who Wants to Live Forever?
References
10. Phenome Centers and Global Harmonization
Abstract
10.1 Phenomics and the Human Condition
10.2 Phenomics: A Focus on Outputs
10.3 The Gene–Protein Axis
10.4 The Difference Between Metabolomics and Phenomics
10.5 The Value Proposition of Phenomics Research
10.6 Phenome Centers in 21st Century Health Research and Medicine
10.7 The Utility of Phenomics in Health Care
10.8 The Value of Phenome Centers in Health Research
10.9 The Limitations and Challenges to Realizing the Potential of Phenomics and Phenome Centers
Conclusions
Endnotes
References
11. From Databases to Big Data
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Reference Chemical Databases
11.3 Databases Containing Metabolomics-Based Experiments
11.4 Conclusions: The Challenges of Metabolomics Big Data
References
12. Modeling People and Populations: Exploring Medical Visualization Through Immersive Interactive Virtual Environments
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Modalities and Methods in Medical Visualization
12.3 Big Data and Their Management
12.4 Immersive Interactive Virtual Environments
Conclusions
References
13. Future Visions for Clinical Metabolic Phenotyping: Prospects and Challenges
Abstract
13.1 Development of Metabolic Phenotyping
13.2 Current Status of Metabolic Phenotyping
13.3 Technologic Challenges for Integration of Metabolic Phenotyping Into Medicine
13.4 The Human Being as a Supra-Organism
13.5 Prospects for Metabolic Phenotyping in Clinical Medicine and Epidemiology
13.6 Potential New Metabolic Phenotyping Outputs
13.7 Possible Impacts of Metabolic Phenotyping in Medicine
References
Index
- No. of pages: 428
- Language: English
- Published: February 11, 2016
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780128003442
- eBook ISBN: 9780128004142
JN
Jeremy Nicholson
Head of Surgery and Cancer, Professor of Biological Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
Affiliations and expertise
Head of Surgery and Cancer, Professor of Biological Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UKAD
Ara Darzi
Head of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Hamlyn Chair of Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
Affiliations and expertise
Head of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Hamlyn Chair of Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UKEH
Elaine Holmes
Head of Computational and Systems Medicine, Professor of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
Affiliations and expertise
Head of Computational and Systems Medicine, Professor of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London, UKJL
John C. Lindon
Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
Affiliations and expertise
Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK