Medicinal Biotechnology

Methods and Applications

1st Edition - November 6, 2024
Editors: Dev Bukhsh Singh, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 2 6 4 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 2 6 5 - 8

Medicinal Biotechnology: Methods and Applications covers a wide range of topics from traditional herbal medicine to recent plant and animal biotechnology approaches used for the p… Read more

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Medicinal Biotechnology: Methods and Applications covers a wide range of topics from traditional herbal medicine to recent plant and animal biotechnology approaches used for the production of vaccines, hormones, enzymes, edible medicinal products, herbal therapeutics, and other secondary metabolites. The book opens with a historical perspective of medicinal biotechnology which includes a discussion of successive development in the field of medicine, starting from early civilization up to current and advanced approaches and strategies.

The book also provides a wide range of topics that include: a discussion engineering approaches in medicinal biotechnology, metabolomics, extraction of metabolites, personalization approaches, and strategies for the effective use of medicinal product and drugs; explanation of engineering approaches in medicinal biotechnology, metabolomics, extraction of metabolites, personalization approaches, and strategies for the effective use of medicinal product and drug; and coverage of specific knowledge on the production and use in vaccines, antibodies, and hormones.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1. An overview of medicinal biotechnology: A historical perspective
1 Introduction
2 History of medicinal biotechnology
2.1 Earliest discoveries
2.1.1 Structure of DNA
2.1.2 Molecular genetics
2.1.3 Genetic engineering: Recombinant DNA technology
2.2 Medicinal biotechnology: Important techniques
2.2.1 Polymerase chain reaction
2.2.2 Gene and genome sequencing
2.2.3 Lab on a chip technology: Microarray
2.2.4 In vitro culture of cells
2.2.5 RNA interference
2.2.6 Gene/genome editing
2.3 Medicinal biotechnology: Products
2.3.1 Antibiotics
2.3.2 Vaccines
2.3.3 Recombinant therapeutic proteins
2.3.4 Monoclonal antibodies
2.3.5 Stem cells
2.3.6 Tissue engineering
2.4 Future prospects
2.4.1 Cancer treatment
2.4.2 Precision medicine
2.4.3 Disease diagnosis
2.4.4 Drug discovery and development
3 Conclusion
Chapter 2. Genetic diagnosis and gene therapy approaches: Current status and limitations
1 Introduction
1.1 Different forms of genetic diagnoses
1.1.1 Methods of genetic diagnosis
1.1.2 Benefits and considerations of genetic diagnosis
2 Gene therapy
2.1 Gene therapy: Types
2.1.1 Gene therapy in germline cells
2.1.2 Gene therapy in somatic cells
2.2 Several strategies and approaches
2.2.1 Nonviral gene therapy
2.2.2 Biodegradable polymers
2.2.3 Conventional lipids and helper lipids
2.2.4 Virus-based vector in gene therapy
2.3 Targeted gene therapy
2.3.1 CRISPR-Cas9
3 Current status
4 Clinical trials
5 Ethical issues
5.1 Regulatory oversight
6 Future outlook
7 AI disclosure
Chapter 3. Traditional medicinal system: Significance and future
1 Introduction
2 Historical perspective of ancient Indian medicine system
3 Effectuality of phytometabolites
3.1 The chemical structures are the key criterion for the classification of secondary plant metabolites
3.1.1 Phenolic compounds
3.1.2 Alkaloids
3.1.3 Flavonoids
3.1.4 Phenylpropanoids
3.1.5 Terpenes
3.1.6 N-carrying substances
4 The role and application of secondary metabolites
5 Threats to medicinal plants
6 Constitutional and legal safeguards for medicinal plants
7 The prospects of Indian traditional medicine
8 Conclusion
Chapter 4. Transgenic animals and plants: application and future scope
1 Introduction
2 Transgenic animals
3 Application of transgenic animals
4 Transgenic plants
5 Conclusion
Chapter 5. The engineering of medicinal plants: Future prospects and limitations
1 Introduction
2 Methods of engineering
2.1 CYP: A promising target for metabolic engineering
3 CRISPR/Cas system for engineering of medicinal plant
4 Salvia miltiorrhiza
5 Cannabis sativa
6 CRISPR's potential applications in medicinal plants
7 Reverse genetics of gene function
8 Synthetic biology of beneficial components
9 Genetic advancement and novel germplasm enhancing quality of medicinal plants
10 Enhancing the resistance to disease, insects and herbicides
11 Intensifying the domestication of therapeutic herbs
12 Next-generation sequencing-based transformation for unraveling metabolic pathways in medicinal plants
13 Nanoparticle-mediated plant genetic engineering
14 PGPR based approach for induction of synthesis of bioactive compounds
15 Old methods of genetic engineering
15.1 Biolistic particle
15.1.1 Electroporation
15.1.2 PEG
15.1.3 Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer
15.1.4 Pollen tube transformation (PTT)
15.2 Type of engineering
15.2.1 Transient transformation
15.2.2 Hairy root transformation
15.2.3 Whole plant transformation
15.3 The secondary metabolic pathway that used to be engineered
15.3.1 MVA and MEP pathway with diversification
15.3.2 Terpene biosynthesis
15.3.3 Alkaloid biosynthesis
15.3.4 Phenolic compound biosynthesis
16 Limitations
16.1 Limitation in CYP engineering of medicinal plants
17 Limitations in CRISPER technology
18 Limitations in NGS-based gene transformation
19 Limitation in in vitro production of the bioactive compounds
20 Limitation in the nanoparticle mediated plant gene transformation
21 Concluding remarks
Chapter 6. Metabolomics for biomedical research and personalized medicine
1 Introduction
2 Methodologies in metabolomics
2.1 Mass spectrometry (MS)
2.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
2.3 Data processing and analysis
3 Applications of metabolomics in biomedical research
3.1 Metabolomics in disease research
4 Advancing personalized medicine through metabolomics
4.1 Personalized medicine in diabetes
4.2 Personalized medicine in cancer
4.3 Limitations and scopes for metabolomics in personalized medicine
5 Conclusion
Chapter 7. Techniques for metabolite extract analysis
1 Introduction
2 In stoichiometric analytical techniques, the target analyte (ME) reacts with another substance according to a well-defined equation involving reactants (Ri) and reaction products (Pj), as represented by the equation: ΣiRi → ΣjPj
2.1 UV-VIS absorption spectrometry
3 IR absorption spectrometry
3.1 Chromatographic techniques
4 Chromatography involves the distribution of MEs between two phases: A stationary phase with a large surface area and a mobile phase that flows along the stationary phase, causing differential migration of MEs
5 Each type can further subdivide based on various parameters. At the phase interface, chromatography can be categorized into adsorption chromatography and partition chromatography (Bramanti et al., 2003)
5.1 Gas chromatography (GC)
5.2 High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
5.3 Ion chromatography (IC) or ion exchange separation
5.4 Planar chromatography (TLC)
6 Conclusions and remarks
Chapter 8. Microorganisms as a source of bioactive natural products
1 Introduction
2 Methods of bioactive molecules production
2.1 Genomic study to identify new metabolites
2.2 Exploration of microbial genomes for novel bioactive compounds
2.3 Genome engineering and heterologous expression
2.4 Identifying the connection between gene and product
2.5 Manipulating the expression
2.6 Engineering the metabolite pathway
3 Biologically important metabolites
3.1 Antibiotics
3.2 Antifungal substances
3.3 Anticancer compounds
3.4 Immunosuppressant
3.5 Antiinflammatory compounds
4 Limitations and future perspective
Chapter 9. Application and ethical consideration of bioprospecting in the identification of small biomolecules for the development of novel therapeutics
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Goal of bioprospecting
2 Bioprospecting methods and approaches
2.1 Exploration of diverse ecosystems
2.2 Discovery of potential bioactive compounds
3 Bioprospecting's importance in drug discovery
3.1 The function of bioactive lead structures
3.2 Utilization of bioactive compounds
4 Secondary metabolites' biological and evolutionary importance
4.1 Secondary metabolites' evolutionary role
4.2 Secondary metabolite diversity in plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms
5 Secondary metabolite interactions with molecular targets
6 Bioprospecting techniques and lead structure identification
6.1 Application of virtual screening in bioprospecting to identify novel targets
6.2 Omics and high-throughput screening technologies
7 Considerations for intellectual property and copyright in bioprospecting
7.1 Patenting of natural products and lead structures
7.2 Ethical consideration and copyright issues in bioprospecting
7.3 Access and benefit-sharing ethical guidelines
8 Future perspective and conclusions
Chapter 10. Biotechnological approaches for the production of chemotherapeutics
1 Introduction
2 Overview of chemotherapeutics
3 Importance of production methods
4 Overview of chemotherapeutic agents
5 Classification of chemotherapeutics
6 Mechanism of action
7 Therapeutic applications
8 Traditional production methods
9 Chemical synthesis
10 Natural product extraction
11 Semi-synthetic approaches
12 Biotechnological approaches
13 Plant cell cultures
14 Animal cell cultures
15 Bioprocess optimization and scale-up
16 Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
17 Principles of synthetic biology
18 Metabolic engineering strategies
19 Engineering microorganisms for chemotherapeutic production
20 Advances in production technologies
21 Genomics and transcriptomics in chemotherapeutic production
22 High-throughput screening approaches
23 Novel bioprocessing techniques
24 Quality control and regulation
25 Future perspectives and challenges
26 Economic and sustainability considerations
27 Ethical and social implications
28 Case studies
Case study 1: Production of Paclitaxel (taxol)
Production
Challenges
Case study 2: Production of doxorubicin (adriamycin)
Production
Challenges
29 Conclusion
Chapter 11. Plant cell cultures: Production of biologically important secondary metabolites
1 Introduction
2 Plant cell cultures
3 Production of plant secondary metabolites using cell cultures
4 Strategies for enhanced secondary metabolite production
5 Biologically important secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures
5.1 Taxol
5.2 Morphine and codeine
5.3 l-DOPA
5.4 Diosgenin
5.5 Camptothecin
5.6 Berberine
6 Recent advances in production of therapeutic biomolecules from plant cell cultures
7 Conclusion
Chapter 12. Natural product biosynthesis in engineered microbial hosts
1 Introduction
2 Natural products: A rich source of bioactive compounds
3 Engineering microbial hosts: Tools and strategies
3.1 Host selection
3.1.1 Escherichia coli: A versatile microorganism in biotechnology
3.1.2 Lactococcus lactis: A versatile host for recombinant protein production
3.1.3 Streptomyces species: A promising platform for natural products and biologics
3.1.4 Bacillus species: Versatile platforms for enzyme production and beyond
3.1.5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A versatile host for biomanufacturing
3.1.6 Hansenula polymorpha: A versatile yeast for peptide production
3.1.7 Aspergillus species: Fungal powerhouses for biomanufacturing
3.2 Strain improvement
3.3 Engineering precursor supply
3.4 Pathway engineering in natural product biosynthesis
3.5 Combinatorial biosynthesis
3.6 Postassembly modifications
3.7 Addressing tolerance concerns
3.8 Mutasynthesis
4 Biosynthesis of some important chemical class natural compounds in engineered microbial hosts
4.1 Flavonoids synthesis in microbial hosts
4.2 Alkaloids
4.3 Betalains
4.4 Glucosinolates
5 Conclusion
Chapter 13. Production of therapeutic vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones
1 Introduction to therapeutic vaccines
1.1 Molecular-based therapeutic vaccine
1.2 Cell-based therapeutic vaccine
1.3 Vector-based therapeutic vaccine
1.4 Types of therapeutic vaccines based on their use
1.4.1 Cancer vaccine
1.4.2 Chronic infection vaccines
1.4.3 Therapeutic vaccines against autoimmune diseases
1.4.4 Allergy vaccines
1.4.5 Alzheimer's disease vaccines
1.4.6 Cardiovascular disease vaccine
1.4.7 Addiction vaccines
1.4.8 Asthma vaccines
1.4.9 Rheumatoid arthritis vaccines
1.4.10 Inflammatory bowel disease vaccine
1.4.11 Pain management vaccines
1.4.12 Other disease-specific vaccines
1.5 The mechanism of action of therapeutic vaccines
1.5.1 Antigen presentation
1.5.2 Immune system activation
1.5.3 T cell activation
1.5.4 Immune response amplification
1.5.5 Memory development
1.5.6 Immune response against disease
1.5.7 Modulation of immune response in case of autoimmune disease vaccines
1.5.8 Boosting immune response
1.6 Industrial production of therapeutic vaccines
1.6.1 Antigen identification and selection
1.6.2 Antigen production
1.6.3 Purification and quality control
1.6.4 Formulation and adjuvants
1.7 Challenges in the production of therapeutic vaccines
1.7.1 Antigen selection
1.7.2 Personalization
1.7.3 Immunogenicity of antigen
1.7.4 Manufacturing scale-up
1.7.5 Quality control
1.7.6 Formulation and adjuvants
1.7.7 Clinical trials
1.7.8 Regulatory approvals
1.7.9 Immunosuppression
1.7.10 Autoimmune risk
1.7.11 Patient compliance
1.7.12 Customized treatment plans
1.7.13 Cost and accessibility
1.7.14 Emerging diseases
2 Antibiotics
2.1 Antibiotic development process
2.1.1 Identification of target pathogens
2.1.2 Screening and isolation of antibiotics producing microorganisms
2.1.3 Discovery of antimicrobial compounds
2.1.4 Chemical modification and optimization
2.1.5 Preclinical testing
2.1.6 Clinical trials
2.1.7 Regulatory approval
2.1.8 Market approval and post-market surveillance
2.1.9 Resistance monitoring
2.2 Classification on the basis of origin
2.3 Classification on the basis of chemical structure
2.3.1 Β-lactams
2.3.2 Aminoglycosides
2.3.3 Macrolides
2.3.4 Tetracycline
2.3.5 Quinolones and fluoroquinolones
2.4 Classification on the basis of spectrum of activity
2.5 Classification on the basis of mechanism of action
2.5.1 Cell wall synthesis inhibition
2.5.2 Disruption of cell membrane structure or function
2.5.3 Nucleic acid structure or function inhibition
2.5.4 Protein synthesis inhibition
2.5.5 Metabolic pathway inhibition
2.6 Industrial production of antibiotics
2.6.1 The manufacturing process
2.6.2 Media for production
2.6.3 Initiation of the culture
2.6.4 Fermentation
2.6.5 Isolation and purification
2.6.6 Quality control
2.6.7 Formulation and packaging
2.7 Challenges in industrial antibiotic production
2.7.1 Antibiotic resistance
2.7.2 Discovery of new antibiotics
2.7.3 Complexity of production
2.7.4 Fermentation optimization
2.7.5 High development costs
2.7.6 Complex regulatory environment
2.7.7 Biosafety and biosecurity
2.7.8 Environmental concerns
3 Hormones
3.1 Importance of industrial production of hormones
3.1.1 Treatment of hormonal disorders
3.1.2 Management of chronic diseases
3.1.3 Reproductive health
3.1.4 Growth and development related disorders
3.1.5 Hormone replacement therapies
3.1.6 Endocrine disorders
3.1.7 Precision medicine
3.1.8 Psychiatric and neurological disorders
3.2 Large-scale production of hormones using recombinant DNA technology
3.2.1 Identification of gene of interest
3.2.2 Cloning of the gene
3.2.3 Insertion of DNA in to host
3.2.4 Gene expression
3.2.5 Fermentation or animal cell culture
3.2.6 Purification
3.2.7 Quality control
3.3 Major challenges in industrial hormone production
3.3.1 Complex molecular structures
3.3.2 Regulatory issues
3.3.3 Cost-effective synthesis
Chapter 14. Biological production and application of secondary metabolites and other medicinal products
1 Introduction
2 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
3 Structure and classification
3.1 Alkaloids
3.2 Phenolics
3.3 Flavonoids
3.4 Tannins
3.5 Glycosides
3.6 Saponins
3.7 Terpenes
3.7.1 Monoterpenes
3.7.2 Sesquiterpenes
3.7.3 Triterpenes
3.7.4 Tetraterpenes
4 The physiological effect of secondary metabolites
4.1 The pharmacological effects of secondary metabolites produced from plants
4.1.1 Antibiotic activity
4.1.2 Antiinflammatory activity
4.1.3 Anticancer activity
4.1.4 Antiviral agents
4.1.5 Activity of hepatoprotection
5 Important present-day drugs derived from plants secondary metabolites
5.1 There are several significant pharmaceutical medications currently in use that have been created from secondary metabolites found in plants
5.1.1 The pharmacological effects of cardiac glycosides
5.1.2 The pharmacological properties exhibited by flavonoids and phenolic substances
5.1.3 The pharmacological activity associated with tannins
5.1.4 The pharmacological characteristics of terpenoids
6 Several reported medical applications for secondary metabolites
6.1 Alkaloids
6.2 Anthraquinones
6.3 The flavonoids
6.4 Cardiac glycosyl derivatives
6.5 Saponins
6.6 Terpenes and androgenic steroids
6.7 Alkylphenolic resorcinols
7 The synthesis of secondary metabolites derived from plants
7.1 Conventional
7.2 Immobilization
7.3 Tissue culture–based biotechnological methodologies for the acquisition of secondary metabolites
7.3.1 Plant tissue cultures
7.3.2 Clonal micropropagation
7.3.3 Callus cultures
7.3.4 Cultures in suspension and protoplasts
7.3.5 Hairy root cultures
7.3.6 Bioreactors
7.3.7 Additional in vitro uses for the acquisition of secondary metabolites
8 Microbial secondary metabolites
8.1 Characteristics of microbial secondary metabolites
8.1.1 Antibiotics
8.1.2 Antitumor agents
8.1.3 Pharmacological and nutraceutical agents
8.1.4 Enzymes and their corresponding inhibitors
8.1.5 Agricultural and animal health products
8.2 The synthesis of secondary metabolites by microorganisms
8.2.1 Liquid fermentation
8.2.2 Solid-state fermentation
9 Conclusion
Chapter 15. Intellectual property rights of medicinal products
1 Introduction
2 Overview of medicinal plants
2.1 Pharmaceuticals
2.2 Herbal supplements
2.3 Cosmetics and skincare
2.4 Aromatherapy and essential oils
2.5 Culinary uses
2.6 Traditional medicine products
2.7 Floral extracts
3 Global herbal medicine market
4 Traditional knowledge
4.1 Ayurveda in India
4.2 Traditional Chinese medicine
4.3 Indigenous knowledge in the Amazon rainforest
5 Intellectual property rights
5.1 Access and benefit sharing
5.2 Traditional knowledge digital databases
5.3 Community-based approaches
5.4 Legal frameworks and regulations
5.5 Customary laws and protocols
5.6 International collaborations
5.7 Ethical guidelines for researchers
6 Medicinal plant patent filing trends in India
7 Challenges in protecting medicinal plant innovation
8 Regulatory and ethical challenges
9 Plant variety protection
9.1 Plant breeders' rights
9.2 Sui generis system
10 Plant variety rights protection
11 Access and benefit sharing
12 Promoting protection, sustainable use, and conservation of medicinal plants
12.1 Conservation strategies
12.2 In situ conservation
12.2.1 Natural reserves
12.2.2 Wild nurseries
12.3 Ex situ conservation
12.3.1 Botanical gardens
12.3.2 Seed banks
12.4 Sustainable use
13 Future directions
14 Conclusion
Chapter 16. Application of hairy root culture in therapeutics
1 Introduction
2 Impact of Agrobacterium rhizogenes genes on plant tissue development
2.1 RolB mechanism of action
2.2 RolD mechanism of action
2.3 RolA and ORF13 mechanism of action
3 Hairy root cultures
3.1 Genetic stability of hairy root cultures
3.2 Hormone-independent growth
4 Recent Developments
4.1 Genetic Engineering Advancements:
4.2 Bioreactor Technology:
4.3 Omics Technologies Integration:
4.4 Therapeutic Compounds of Interest:
5 Human therapeutics produced through hairy roots
5.1 Biologics production
5.1.1 Plantibodies:
5.1.2 Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT):
5.1.3 Subunit Vaccine Antigens:
5.1.4 Human Cytokines:
5.1.5 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF):
5.1.6 Blood Components:
6 Challenges and future prospects
6.1 Scale-Up:
6.2 Scaling Down for Research and Development:
6.3 Environmental Impact:
6.4 Regulatory Considerations:
7 Conclusion
Chapter 17. Therapeutic potential of commonly used edible plant products
1 Introduction
2 Characterization of edible plant products
3 Paradigm shift toward the edible plant products
4 Edible plants of common uses
5 Preparation, standardization, and purification of edible plant products (EPPs)
5.1 Plant tissue homogenization and countercurrent extraction
5.2 Sonication, percolation, soxhlet extraction, serial exhaustive extraction, maceration
5.2.1 Infusion and decoction
5.3 Standardization techniques
5.4 Identity and purity
6 Major therapeutic roles of EPPs: Antioxidative potential as a pivotal factor
6.1 EPPs in neurodegenerative diseases
6.2 EPPS in infectious diseases
6.3 Action of edible plants with antidiabetic property
6.4 General mechanism (s) of action of edible plants with cardioprotective property
7 Mechanistic insights of EPPs
8 Toxicity, toxicokinetics, and pharmacokinetics for adverse effects of EPPs
8.1 Acute toxicity testing
9 Postulated pathways for EPPs actions
10 Computational modes to validate the therapeutic potential of EPPs
10.1 Identification and selection of plant compound and construction of database
10.2 Pretreatment of chemical compounds and a drug-like analysis
10.3 ADME/T prediction and virtual screening
10.4 Network pharmacology
11 Conclusion
Chapter 18. Herbal therapeutics for chronic disease management
1 Introduction
2 Chronic disease prevalence and features
3 Prehistoric cultures of herbal medicinal usage
4 Herbal therapeutics in several chronic diseases
5 Modulatory action of herbal therapeutics
6 Emerging trends in herbal medicine research: A systems network pharmacology
7 Challenges in herbal therapeutics
8 Conclusions
Chapter 19. Genome editing for value addition in medicinal plants
1 Introduction
2 Tools and techniques for plant genome editing
2.1 CRISPR-Cas9
2.2 TALE nucleases: Transforming medicinal plants through genome editing
2.3 Zinc finger nucleases
3 Therapeutic effectiveness enhancement of medicinal plants via transgenic technology
4 Enhancement of medicinal plants' tolerance to abiotic stress
5 Transgenic medicinal plants: IPR and ethical issues
6 Acceptance guidelines for genetically modified medicinal plants
7 Conclusion
Chapter 20. RNA vaccines in plants: Applications and future scope
1 Introduction
2 The production of dsRNA
2.1 In vivo production of dsRNA
2.2 In vitro dsRNA production
3 Different exogenous modes of application of dsRNA in field
3.1 Topical foliar spray
3.2 Root absorption
3.3 Trunk injection
4 Postapplication fate of dsRNA
4.1 Absorption of dsRNA in plant cells
4.2 dsRNA uptake in digestive system
4.3 dsRNA uptake in cell system
4.4 Processing of dsRNA
5 Increasing dsRNA stability
6 Conclusion and future prospects
Index

Dev Bukhsh Singh

Dr. Dev Bukhsh Singh is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar, India since 2021. He also served as Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India from 2009-2021. He received BSc (Biology) and MSc from the University of Allahabad, an MTech from the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Prayagraj India, and a PhD in Biotechnology from Gautam Buddha University, India. He has been actively involved in teaching BSc and MSc Biotechnology students since 2009. His areas of research are medicinal biology, lead compound search, and drug design. He published three edited books: Frontiers in Protein Structure, Function, and Dynamics Computer-Aided Drug Design and Bioinformatics: Methods and Applications. He is a member of various national and international academic bodies and is a reviewer for several international journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Siddharth Nagar, India

Santosh Kumar Upadhyay

Dr. Upadhyay is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. He has been working in the field of Plant Biotechnology for more than 16 years. He is currently working in functional genomics. His research group at PU has characterized numerous important defence-related protein families such as receptor-like kinases, antioxidant enzymes, calcium transporters, chitinases, lectins, etc. They are also characterizing long non-coding RNAs related to the abiotic and biotic stress response. He has authored more than 130 publications including research papers in leading journals of international repute, national and international patents, book chapters and books. He has been awarded the NAAS Young scientist award (2017-18) and NAAS-Associate (2018) from the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, India, INSA Medal for Young Scientist (2013) from the Indian National Science Academy, India, NASI- Young Scientist Platinum Jubilee Award (2012) from the National Academy of Sciences, India, and Altech Young Scientist Award (2011).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

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