Medical Oncology Compendium
- 1st Edition - April 16, 2025
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: Ramon Andrade B de Mello
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 6 0 9 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 6 0 8 - 3
Medical Oncology Compendium discusses several important topics in oncology with the help of leading experts worldwide who incorporate not only knowledge on recent developme… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMedical Oncology Compendium discusses several important topics in oncology with the help of leading experts worldwide who incorporate not only knowledge on recent developments in the field, but contextualize them within diverse socioeconomic environments to guarantee the applicability of the content in challenging scenarios. The book comprehensively discusses topics such as surgery, radiology, carcinogenesis, screening, assessment tools, evidence-based medicine, and precision oncology as applicable to different cancer types as non-small and small cell lung cancer, mesothelioma, breast cancer, gastric-rectal cancer, female specific cancers, prostate, skin and bone sarcomas.
In addition, it discusses options to minimize oncology pain and palliative care. It is a valuable resource for oncologists, clinicians, researchers, healthcare workers and members of biomedical field who needs to understand more about diagnosis, treatment options and support for cancer patients.
- Presents clinical vision consensus from global experts in the field to leverage knowledge sharing worldwide
- Illustrates the content with tables and medical images especially developed for the book
- Encompasses clinical case discussions at the end of each chapter to sediment theory and practice and improve medicine evidence-based care
Clinical and medical oncologists, cancer researchers, Radiation oncologists, surgeons, graduate students, medical residents
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editor
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Chapter 1. Principles of medical oncology
- Introduction
- What is cancer
- How cancers spread/metastasize
- Prevention
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- Diet and obesity
- Infections
- Radiation
- Occupational carcinogens
- Environmental pollution
- Screening
- The condition
- The test
- The intervention
- The screening program
- Implementation
- Basic treatment concepts
- Systemic anticancer treatment (SACT)
- Radiotherapy
- Surgical oncology
- Neoadjuvant/adjuvant and multimodality treatment
- Curative and palliative
- Chemotherapy
- Alkylating agents
- Antimetabolites
- Plank alkaloids/topoisomerase inhibitors
- Mitotic inhibitors
- Antitumor antibiotic
- Targeted therapies
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Small molecule inhibitors
- Drug resistance
- Immunotherapy
- Immune check-point inhibitors
- PD1
- CTLA4
- Side effects
- Adoptive T cell transfer therapy/chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T)
- Cancer vaccines
- Hormonal therapies
- Common treatment side effects/toxicities
- Conclusion
- Multiple choice questions
- Clinical scenario
- Multiple choice question answers
- Chapter 2. Principles of surgeon oncology
- Introduction
- Radical surgery
- Surgery of metastatic disease
- Cytoreductive surgery
- Urgent surgery in cancer patients
- Gastrointestinal tract obstruction
- Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract
- Digestive bleeding
- Biliary obstruction
- Neutropenic enterocolitis
- Minimally invasive surgery
- Minimally invasive surgery benefits
- Minimally invasive surgery in gynecology
- Minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgery
- Evolution of minimally invasive surgery
- Conclusion
- Chapter 3. Principles of radiation oncology
- Introduction
- Therapeutic response
- Cell survival curves
- Oxygen effect
- The 5R's of radiotherapy
- Redistribution
- Repair
- Intrinsic radiosensitivity
- Reoxygenation
- Repopulation
- Bystander effect
- Abscopal effect
- Contouring
- Variation during therapy
- Adaptive radiation therapy in head and neck cancers IGRT modalities
- Organs at risk
- Division of organs
- Dose-volume histogram
- Immobilization
- Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy/stereotactic radiosurgery
- Stereotactic radiosurgery
- Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy or stereotactic body radiotherapy
- Flash radiotherapy
- Proton therapy
- Synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy
- Multiple choice questions
- Chapter 4. Cancer screening and diagnosis
- Introduction
- Strategies for early cancer detection
- Cancer screening: Concept
- Screening implementation—Disease
- Screening implementation—Exams
- Screening implementation—Healthcare System
- Early cancer diagnosis
- Awareness and care-seeking
- Clinical and diagnostic evaluation
- Access to treatment
- Cancer control
- Screening and diagnosis
- Prostate cancer screening and diagnosis
- Breast cancer screening and diagnosis
- Skin cancer screening and diagnosis
- Colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis
- Cervical cancer screening and diagnosis
- Lung cancer screening and diagnosis
- Conclusion
- Questions
- Answers
- Chapter 5. Innovative health technology assessment tools
- Introduction
- Background of work
- Centralized management systems
- Blockchain-based technology
- Healthcare data
- Application of blockchain
- Artificial intelligence
- Pathologist versus artificial intelligence
- Integration AI with blockchain
- Conclusion
- Chapter 6. Biostatistics in oncology (evidence-based medicine)
- Introduction
- What's the question this study is trying to answer?
- P: This study is about who?
- I: What is the intervention?
- C: To what was the intervention compared?
- O: What was measured?
- For this question, what is the correct type of study?
- For this outcome, how do we measure and describe it?
- Is this trial too small to answer this question?
- I'm reading a phase I study. What is important to identify?
- I'm reading a phase II study. What are the pitfalls?
- I am reading a phase III study. Why are these so important?
- I am reading a phase IV study. What is that?
- How relevant is a subanalysis? Is it standard changing?
- I am reading a cost-effectiveness study. Is it about money?
- I am reading a systematic review with meta-analysis. Should I read anything else?
- I am reading a quality-of-life study. Why is this relevant?
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Questions
- Chapter 7. Radiological response assessment methods in oncology
- Introduction
- General concepts of response assessment criteria
- World health organization (WHO) criteria
- RECIST (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors)
- Imaging methods
- Lesion measurability
- Bone lesions
- Cystic lesions
- Lesions with prior local treatment
- Choice of target lesions and nontarget lesions
- Definition of global tumor burden
- Categories of therapeutic response
- Special assessments
- Lymph nodes
- Nonlymph node lesions that become too small
- Lesions that fragmented or coalesced during treatment
- Progression of nontarget lesions
- New lesions
- Global response classification
- Morphological criteria
- mRECIST (modified RECIST)
- Choi criteria for GIST
- Chun criteria for colorectal liver metastases
- Response evaluation criteria in lymphomas
- Cheson criteria
- Lugano 2014—The metabolic criteria
- Response evaluation in immunotherapy (iRECIST)
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 8. The role of interventional radiology in oncology
- Introduction
- Percutaneous interventional radiology
- General concepts
- Patient preparation
- Preoperative localization
- Biopsies
- Introduction
- Types
- Specificities
- Complications
- Percutaneous ablative therapies
- Introduction
- Indications
- Radiofrequency ablation
- Microwave ablation
- Cryoablation
- Irreversible electroporation
- Complications
- Management of complications
- Collection drainage
- Nephrostomy
- Gastrostomy
- Thoracentesis/paracentesis
- Treatment of lymphatic fistulas
- Pain treatment
- Biliary procedures
- Biliary drainage
- Postsurgical biliary complications
- Overview of interventional vascular radiology
- Intraarterial therapies
- Preoperative portal vein embolization
- Vascular complications after surgery
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 9. Small cell lung cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Incidence and prevalence
- Genetic lesions in SCLC
- Diagnosis and staging
- Pathology
- Clinical presentation
- Management
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Question and comments
- Comments
- Chapter 10. Non-small cell lung cancer
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Lung cancer screening
- Pathology and molecular biology (Nicholson et al., 2022)
- Clinical manifestations
- Investigation and diagnostic work up
- Staging of NSCLC
- Definition of TNM descriptors of NSCLC (IASLC, AJCC, UICC) (Goldstraw et al., 2016; Lababede & Meziane, 2018)
- Treatment
- Early stage (stage I-IIIA)
- Stage IIIA
- Locally advanced stage (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC)
- Metastatic disease (stage IV)
- PD-L1 expression positive
- Subsequent therapy after first-line immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in PD-L1 expression
- Second-line therapy and beyond after progression from first-line chemotherapy
- Special conditions
- Elderly
- Poor PS
- Conclusion
- Questions and answers
- Chapter 11. Mesothelioma
- Pleural mesothelioma: From diagnosis to treatment
- Introduction to pleural mesothelioma
- Definition and epidemiology
- Causes and risk factors
- Pathophysiology of pleural mesothelioma
- Cellular origins
- Molecular mechanisms
- Clinical presentation and symptoms
- Early symptoms
- Advanced symptoms
- Diagnostic modalities
- Imaging techniques
- Biopsy procedures
- Staging and prognosis
- TNM staging system
- Factors influencing prognosis
- Treatment options
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Emerging therapies and clinical trials
- Multidisciplinary approach to patient care
- Supportive care and symptom management
- Psychosocial impact on patients and families
- Legal and ethical considerations in pleural mesothelioma cases
- Multiple choice questions
- Clinical case
- Discussion
- Chapter 12. Thymus
- Introduction
- Incidence and epidemiology
- Clinical manifestations and diagnosis
- Clinical manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Anatomy and pathology
- Staging and risk assessment
- Treatment approaches
- Surgical treatment
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Induction chemotherapy
- Chemoradiotherapy
- Adjuvant chemotherapy
- Palliative chemotherapy
- Molecularly targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Follow-up
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 13. Breast cancer screening
- History of screening
- Breast cancer screening on average risk women
- Supplementary breast screening methods on average risk women
- Clinical breast examination
- Breast ultrasound (US)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)
- Breast cancer screening on increased risk women
- Potential harms of MMG screening
- Birads classification
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 14. Early breast cancer
- Introduction
- History of breast cancer
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors and prevention
- Genetic counseling and testing
- Prognostic and predictive factors
- Breast cancer screening and diagnosis
- Clinical presentation
- Pathology
- Staging
- Treatment approaches
- Surgical management of breast cancer
- Systemic therapy
- Radiation therapy
- Neoadjuvant therapy
- Adjuvant therapy
- Recurrence
- Follow-up
- Breast cancer in men
- Breast cancer in extreme ages
- Breast cancer during pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy in breast cancer survivors
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Chapter 15. Metastatic breast cancer
- Introduction to metastatic breast cancer
- Definition and epidemiology
- Types of metastatic breast cancer
- Current standard treatments
- Hormone therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Emerging therapies and personalized medicine
- Immunotherapy
- PARP inhibitors
- Biomarker testing
- Challenges and future directions
- Drug resistance
- Access to innovative treatments
- Research and clinical trials
- Conclusion
- A clinical case for discussion
- Questions & answers
- Chapter 16. Esophageal cancer
- Introduction to esophageal cancer
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Types of esophageal cancer
- Traditional treatment modalities
- Surgery
- Neoadjuvant therapy
- Adjuvant treatment
- Exclusive treatment
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Emerging treatment approaches
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted therapies
- Multimodal treatment strategies
- Personalized medicine in esophageal cancer treatment
- Management of treatment side effects
- Palliative care in advanced esophageal cancer
- Clinical trials and future directions
- Conclusion and key takeaways
- Questions
- Question 1
- Question 2
- Question 3
- Question 4
- Question 5
- Question 6
- Question 7
- Question 8
- Question 9
- Question 10
- Question 11
- Question 12
- Question 13
- Question 14
- Question 15
- Clinical case study
- Chapter 17. Gastric cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Incidence and prevalence
- Risk factors
- Molecular mechanism
- Genetic predisposition
- Gastric cancer screening and prevention
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis and staging
- Diagnosis
- Stage of disease
- Pathology
- Macroscopic features
- Histopathology
- Molecular biology
- Treatment approaches
- Management of local and locally advanced disease
- Resection
- Perioperative chemotherapy
- Adjuvant treatment
- Management of advance and metastatic disease
- First line chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy
- Second- and later-line treatment
- Surgery for metastatic gastric cancer
- Supportive care and nutrition
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 18. Colon
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis
- Screening
- Staging and prognosis
- Treatment
- Nonmetastatic colon cancer
- Surgical approach
- Medical therapy
- Metastatic colon cancer
- Resectable metastases
- Potentially resectable metastases
- Unresectable metastases
- Follow-up
- Questions
- Clinical case and commented question
- Chapter 19. Rectal
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors and pathogenesis
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis and screening
- Staging
- Treatment
- Malignant polyps
- Surgical treatment
- Transanal local excision
- Transabdominal resection
- Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for resectable nonmetastatic rectal cancer
- The total neoadjuvant therapy approach
- Preoperative chemoradiation
- Watch-and-wait approach
- Adjuvant chemotherapy
- Metastatic disease
- Follow-up
- Questions
- Clinical case and commented question
- Questions
- Chapter 20. Anal canal cancer
- Anal cancer
- Epidemiology and clinical features
- Staging
- Survival according to stage
- Diagnosis
- Medical history and physical examination
- Additional tests
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Computed tomography scan
- Positron emission tomography
- Endoanal ultrasound
- Treatment
- Local excision
- Radiotherapy and systemic treatment
- Chemoradiation therapy
- Nigro regimen
- Comparison of cisplatin versus mitomycin
- Chemoradiation versus radiation therapy alone
- Treatment in patients living with HIV
- Surgical salvage treatment
- Metastatic disease
- Chemotherapy
- Cisplatin and fluorouracil
- Paclitaxel and carboplatin
- Immunotherapy
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Follow-up
- Chapter 21. Small intestine cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Incidence and prevalence
- Risk factors
- Molecular mechanisms
- Small intestinal cancer screening
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis and staging
- Diagnostic imaging
- Small bowel endoscopy
- Stage of disease
- Pathology
- Adenocarcinoma
- Carcinoid tumors
- Lymphomas
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
- Treatment approaches
- Surgery
- Surgery for stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ SBA
- Surgery for stage IV SBA
- Adjuvant therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Conclusions
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 22. Pancreatic cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Molecular mechanisms
- Pancreatic cancer screening
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis and staging
- Noninvasive diagnostic tools
- Invasive diagnostic tools
- Staging of pancreatic cancer
- Pathology of pancreatic cancer
- Pathology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- Treatment approaches
- Resectable pancreatic cancer
- Surgery for early-stage pancreatic cancer
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
- Postoperative chemoradiotherapy
- Patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
- Nonresectable pancreatic cancer
- Advanced pancreatic cancer
- Targeted therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer
- Use of immunotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer
- Supportive care
- Personalized medicine and the future
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical Case
- Chapter 23. Ovarian
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Histopathology
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis
- Staging
- FIGO/AJCC
- Management of early-stage EOC (FIGO stage I)
- Management of uncommon and rare tumors of the ovary
- Advanced-stage EOC (FIGO stages II to IV)
- Management of newly diagnosed advanced-stage disease
- Cytoreductive surgery
- Platinum-taxane–based chemotherapy
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- Intraperitoneal chemotherapy
- Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
- Dose-dense paclitaxel
- Maintenance chemotherapy
- Maintenance targeted therapy
- Maintenance therapy with bevacizumab
- Maintenance therapy using PARP inhibitors
- Management of recurrent disease
- Secondary cytoreduction
- Platinum-based doublets for platinum-sensitive recurrent disease
- Nonplatinum chemotherapeutic options for platinum-resistant recurrent disease
- Early versus delayed treatment of recurrence
- Antiangiogenesis therapy for treatment of recurrent disease
- Immunotherapy
- Palliative care
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Answer key
- Clinical case
- Chapter 24. Cervical cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Pathology
- Primary and secondary prevention
- Diagnosis and staging
- Surgical treatment
- Radiation therapy
- Adjuvant radiotherapy
- Definitive radiotherapy
- Techniques
- Brachytherapy
- Treatment schedule and dose
- Toxicities
- Systemic treatment
- High-risk early-stage cervical cancer
- Locally advanced cervical cancer (stages IB3, IIA2 and IIB–IVA)
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- Adjuvant chemotherapy
- Metastatic setting
- Perspectives
- Multiple choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 25. Vagina
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Incidence and prevalence
- Risk factors
- Screening and prevention
- Clinical presentation
- Pathology
- Prognostic factors
- Diagnosis and staging
- Lymphatic drainage
- Staging systems
- Work-up
- Treatment approaches
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
- Outcomes and patterns of failure
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Questions
- Comments
- Chapter 26. Gestational trophoblastic disease
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Premalignant form: Hydatidiform mole
- Post molar neoplasm
- Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
- Pathology and molecular aspects
- Clinical presentation and diagnosis
- Treatment of GTN
- Low risk GTN
- High-risk GTN
- Role of surgery
- Intermediate trophoblastic neoplasia treatment: PSTT and ETT
- Survival and follow UP
- Conclusions
- Clinical case: Multidisciplinary management in very-high risk GTN
- Questions
- Chapter 27. Prostate cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology and pathology
- Diagnosis and staging
- Types of prostate biopsies
- Role of MRI and PET
- Molecular tests (tumor markers)
- Genetic panel
- Management of localized cancer
- Treatment
- Localized prostate cancer
- Watchful waiting
- HIFU
- Focal therapy
- Radiotherapy
- Radical prostatectomy
- Follow-up
- Treatment of biochemical recurrence
- Treatment of locally advanced cancer
- Radiotherapy
- Radical prostatectomy
- Other options: Androgen deprivation, castration methods, and adverse effects
- Castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Multiple choice questions with commented answer
- Chapter 28. Prostate cancer and novel systemic treatments
- Introduction
- Risk factors
- Screening
- Clinical presentation and diagnostic approach
- Staging
- Risk stratification
- Localized prostate cancer
- Biochemical failure
- Systemic therapy for noncastrated (castration-sensitive) metastatic prostate cancer
- Systemic therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
- Germline genetic testing and next-generation tumor tissue sequencing
- Follow-up
- Multiple-choice questions
- Chapter 29. Renal cell carcinoma
- Introduction
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Molecular mechanisms
- Pathology and histological subtypes
- Diagnosis and staging
- Clinical manifestations
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Systemic staging
- TNM staging
- Screening
- Treatment
- Localized disease
- Radical nephrectomy
- Nephron-sparing surgery
- Lymph node dissection
- Active surveillance and ablative techniques
- Adjuvant treatment
- Advanced renal cell carcinoma
- Surgical management
- Cytoreductive nephrectomy
- Surgical management of recurrent and metastatic disease
- Prognostic models
- Systemic therapy for advanced disease
- Historical agents
- Current front-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- Second-line and later therapy
- Treatment of non-clear-cell RCC
- Conclusion
- Key-points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 30. Urothelial cancer
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
- Staging
- Treatment of non-muscle-invasive disease
- Intravesical treatment
- Recurrent or refractory disease
- Treatment of muscle-invasive disease - clinical stages II–IV
- Neoadjuvant therapy
- Adjuvant therapy
- Trimodal bladder preservation therapy
- Follow-up
- Treatment of metastatic bladder cancer
- Tumors of the upper urinary tract
- Multiple-choice questions
- Chapter 31. Germ-cell tumors
- Testicular cancer
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Histology
- Seminoma
- Nonseminoma
- Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
- Staging
- Serum tumor markers
- Treatment
- Orchiectomy
- Stage I
- Stage I seminoma
- Stage I nonseminoma
- Stage IS
- Stage II
- Stage IIA/B seminoma
- Stage IIA/B nonseminomas
- Advanced metastatic disease (EIIC/EIII)
- Stage IIC/III seminoma
- Stage IIC/III nonseminoma
- Systemic treatment postretroperitoneal lymph node dissection
- Management of residual masses
- Seminomas
- Nonseminomas
- Second-line treatment
- Treatment of refractory disease
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Follow-up
- Key-points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 32. Squamous head and neck
- Cancer of the oropharynx
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Anatomy
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Treatment according to staging (Koyfman et al., 2019; National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2024)
- Patients p16 negative
- p16 positive
- Cancer of the larynx
- Introduction
- Anatomy
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- HPV
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Early tumors
- Advanced tumors
- Cancer of the oral cavity
- Introduction
- Anatomy
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Questions
- Question 1
- Question 2
- Question 3
- Question 4
- Question 5
- Question 6
- Question 7
- Question 8
- Question 9
- Question 10
- Question 11
- Question 12
- Question 13
- Question 14
- Question 15
- Clinical case
- Chapter 33. Thyroid cancer
- Surgical management
- Initial risk stratification
- Subsequent management based on risk classification
- Monitoring response to therapy
- Monitoring response to therapy
- Anaplasic thyroid cancer
- Epidemiology
- Clinical manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Staging
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Treatment
- Chapter 34. Parotid gland tumors
- Surgical indications
- Preoperative assessment
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Histological grades of salivary gland cancer
- Initial assessment
- Diagnosis
- Internship
- Grouping (TNM)
- Treatment
- Stages I and II
- Stages III and IV (resectable)
- IVM0 stadium (unresectable)
- IVM1 stadium
- Chapter 35. Nonmelanoma skin cancer
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Sunlight, PUVA treatment and tanning lamps
- Ionizing radiation
- Chemical agents (arsenic and others)
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Smoking
- Genetic syndromes
- Chronic ulcers
- Immunosuppression
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical and histological presentation
- BCC
- Low risk BCC
- Nodular
- Superficial
- Pigmented
- Fibroepithelial
- Infundibulocystic
- High risk BCC
- Sclerosing/Morpheaform
- Infiltrating
- Micronodular
- BASOSQUAMOUS/METATYPICAL (Requena et al., 2022)
- Sarcomatoid differentiation (Requena et al., 2022)
- SCC
- BOWEN’s disease (BD)
- Keratoacanthoma (KA)
- Invasive SCC
- Treatment approaches
- Prevention
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 36. Melanoma skin cancer
- Melanoma
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Risk factors and pathogenesis
- Clinical evaluation and diagnosis
- Support techniques for clinical diagnosis
- Staging
- Treatment
- Primary excision and biopsy
- Sentinel node and complete lymph node basin dissection
- Adjuvant treatment
- BRAF wild-type melanoma
- BRAF mutated disease
- Neoadjuvant treatment
- Metastatic melanoma
- Emerging therapies
- Follow-up
- Conclusion
- Multiple choice questions
- Chapter 37. Soft tissue sarcomas
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Clinical evaluation
- Risk factors/etiology
- Radiologic assessment: Prior to the biopsy
- Biopsy
- Staging
- Staging workup
- Surgery
- Lymphadenectomy
- Limb perfusion/infusion
- Surgical management of metastatic disease
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy: Adjuvant
- Chemotherapy: Neoadjuvant
- Management of local recurrences
- Metastatic disease
- Questions
- Question 1
- Question 2
- Question 3
- Question 4
- Question 5
- Question 6
- Question 7
- Question 8
- Question 9
- Question 10
- Question 11
- Question 12
- Question 13
- Question 14
- Question 15
- Question 16
- Clinical case study
- Chapter 38. Bone sarcomas
- Introduction
- Incidence and etiology
- Clinical evaluation
- Diagnostic studies and preoperative evaluation
- Biopsy
- Staging
- Osteosarcoma
- Conventional osteosarcoma
- Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
- Surface osteosarcoma
- Surgical management
- Systemic treatment
- Radiation therapy
- Chondrosarcoma
- Surgical management
- Low-grade central tumors
- Intermediate and high-grade tumors
- Systemic treatment
- Radiotherapy
- Ewing sarcoma
- Systemic treatment
- Local treatment
- Surveillance
- Clinical case
- Questions
- Question 1
- Question 2
- Question 3
- Question 4
- Question 5
- Question 6
- Question 7
- Question 8
- Question 9
- Question 10
- Question 11
- Question 12
- Question 13
- Question 14
- Question 15
- Chapter 39. GIST
- Introduction
- General
- Epidemiology
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis and staging
- Risk assessment
- Histology
- Cell origin, histopathology, and imunohistochemical features
- Molecular subtypes
- KIT mutations
- PDGFRA mutations in GIST
- GIST without KIT/PDGFRA mutation or WT-GIST
- Familial GIST
- Treatment
- General
- Primary local treatment
- Neoadjuvant systemic therapy
- Adjuvant systemic therapy
- Unresectable locally advanced disease/metastatic disease
- First-line treatment
- Second-line treatment
- Third-line treatment
- Fourth-line treatment
- Further-lines treatment
- Response evaluation
- Treatment summary considering molecular classification
- Key points
- Multiple choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 40. NET
- Introduction
- Background
- Epidemiology
- Clinical presentation and particularities
- Tumor biology
- Diagnosis, staging and prognosis
- Biological markers
- Neutrophil/lymphocyte and platelet/lymphocyte ratio
- Imaging
- Treatment
- General
- Local/locoregional disease
- Advanced/metastatic disease
- Surgery for metastatic disease
- Locoregional treatments
- Medical therapy
- Conclusion
- Key points
- Multiple choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 41. Primary brain tumor
- Introduction
- Major molecular markers in gliomas
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- MGMT
- 1p/19q codeletion
- TERT
- EGFR
- What has changed in the new 2021 WHO classification?
- CNS tumor grading
- Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype
- Oligoastrocytoma
- Ependymal tumors
- Supratentorial ependymomas
- Posterior fossa ependymomas
- Spinal ependymomas
- Current classification for astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas
- Astrocytoma IDH-mutant
- Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted
- Chapter 42. Superior vena cava syndrome
- Epidemiology
- Anatomy
- Pathophysiology
- Etiology
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment options
- General measures
- Radiation therapy
- Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)
- Protons
- Chemotherapy
- Surgery
- Endovascular treatment
- Antithrombotic therapy
- Short commented clinical case
- Multiple choice questions
- Chapter 43. Febrile neutropenia
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology: the causes of neutropenia
- Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
- Other causes of neutropenia in cancer patients
- Common sites of infection and pathogens
- Site of infection
- Pathogens
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Viruses
- Prophylaxis
- Prevention of neutropenia
- Prevention of infection
- Patient education
- Risk assessment
- Assessment and investigation
- History
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- Initial management
- Review and subsequent management
- Outpatient management in low-risk patients
- Summary
- Multiple choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 44. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
- Background—Nausea and vomiting
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
- Clinical presentation of CINV
- Management of CINV
- 5HT-3 antagonists
- Corticosteroids
- Dopaminergic antiemetics
- Neurokinin-1 antagonists
- Alternative management
- Guidelines
- Conclusion
- Chapter 45. Asthenia
- Introduction
- Definition
- Pathophysiology
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Nonpharmacological treatments
- Pharmacological treatment
- Conclusion
- Chapter 46. Bone metastases
- Introduction to bone metastasis
- Definition and overview
- Significance and impact
- Epidemiology
- Breast cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Lung cancer
- Multiple myeloma
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Unknown primary
- Mechanisms of bone metastasis
- Seed and soil hypothesis
- Interaction with bone microenvironment
- Diagnosis and imaging techniques
- Clinical symptoms and presentation
- Radiographic imaging
- Advanced imaging modalities
- Treatment strategies
- Cancer-induced bone pain
- Surgical interventions
- Radiation therapy
- Systemic therapies
- Emerging research and future directions
- Key points
- Multiple-choice questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 47. Spinal cord compression
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Metastatic spinal cord compression
- Primary spinal cord tumors
- Clinical evaluation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Glucocorticoids
- Pain and symptoms management
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy (RT)
- Rehabilitative care
- Psychosocial concerns and palliative care
- Multiprofessional team
- Key points
- Questions
- Clinical case
- Chapter 48. Brain metastasis
- Overview
- Epidemiology
- Lung cancer
- Breast cancer
- Melanoma
- Clinical manifestations
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Neurosurgery
- Stereotactic radiosurgery
- Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)
- Immunotherapy
- Corticosteroids
- Prognosis
- Conclusions
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: April 16, 2025
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 792
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443156090
- eBook ISBN: 9780443156083
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Ramon Andrade B de Mello
Prof. Ramon Andrade Bezerra de Mello is a board-certified medical oncologist in Portugal, UK, and Brazil. He has over 19 years of clinical and academic experience in Europe where he worked full time in well reputed cancer institutions, such as Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, University of Porto, Portugal, and Edinburgh Cancer Center, UK. Since, Prof. Mello delivered his tasks as a humanized and high-level doctor dedicated to providing the best care for his patients alongside the vanguard of oncology research, as well as teaching medical students and training juniors doctors. Currently, he is the Head of the Discipline of Medical Oncology at the Translational Medicine Post-Graduation Program and Head of the Lung & Skin Medical Oncology Clinic at Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP. In addition, he is Director of the Precision Oncology and Health Economics Research Group with more than 20 national/international members in a core structure with the Post-Graduation Program of Medicine, Nine of July University, in collaboration with UNIFESP and Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Portugal, where he is still invited Professor of Oncology.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil