Medical Nanobiotechnology

Nanomedicine for Repair, Regeneration, Remodelling, and Recovery

1st Edition - November 26, 2024
Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
Editors: Sougata Ghosh, Thomas J. Webster
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 5 0 7 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 5 1 2 - 4

Medical Nanobiotechnology: Nanomedicine for Repair, Regeneration, Remodelling, and Recovery thoroughly reviews the potential of functionalized biomaterials as ideal candidate… Read more

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Medical Nanobiotechnology: Nanomedicine for Repair, Regeneration, Remodelling, and Recovery thoroughly reviews the potential of functionalized biomaterials as ideal candidates for nanomedicine. This book covers advances in the development of nanotheranostic agents that can simultaneously help in both effective therapy and rapid diagnosis. A range of materials is covered, including their fabrication, characterization, and assessment, as well as their functionalization and incorporation into implants and medical devices. Clinical aspects and challenges are discussed, helping bridge the gap between laboratory research and the translational impact as nanomedicine begins to develop point-of-care customized therapy. This book is an interdisciplinary reference for researchers and R&D groups interested in the development of novel nanobiomaterials for therapeutic applications.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
The time is now !
1. Biomaterials and bioengineering: A detailed overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Heart
1.3 Bone and/or cartilage
1.4 Skin
1.5 Nerve
1.6 Liver
1.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
2. Nanostructures for diagnosis and biosensing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Gold nanoparticles
2.3 Iron oxide nanoparticles
2.4 Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
2.5 Zinc oxide nanoparticles
2.6 Graphene nanomaterials
2.7 Quantum dots
2.8 Single-walled carbon nanotubes
2.9 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
2.10 Conclusion and future perspectives
3. Engineered materials for improving various imaging modalities
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Computed tomography
3.3 Magnetic resonance imaging
3.4 Positron emission tomography
3.5 Positron emission tomography-computed tomography
3.6 Ultrasound imaging
3.7 Mammography
3.8 Conclusion and future perspectives
4. Enzyme-functionalized nanodrugs
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanodrugs
4.3 Synthesis of nanoparticles
4.3.1 Selection of materials
4.3.2 Preparation of nanoparticles
4.3.3 Functionalization
4.3.3.1 Physical methods
4.3.3.2 Chemical methods
4.3.3.3 Biological methods
4.4 Characterization of nanodrugs
4.5 Enzyme-functionalized nanomedicines
4.6 Applications of nanodrugs
4.6.1 Cancer therapy
4.6.1.1 Targeted drug delivery
4.6.1.2 Enhanced permeability and retention effect
4.6.1.3 Reduced side effects
4.6.1.4 Overcoming drug resistance
4.6.1.5 Combination therapy
4.6.1.6 Imaging and theranostics
4.6.2 Drug delivery
4.6.2.1 Enhanced solubility and bioavailability
4.6.2.2 Controlled release
4.6.2.3 Targeted drug delivery
4.6.2.4 Enhanced permeability and retention effect
4.6.2.5 Overcoming biological barriers
4.6.2.6 Reduced side effects
4.6.2.7 Codelivery of multiple therapeutic agents
4.6.2.8 Stimuli-responsive drug release
4.6.3 Imaging and diagnostics
4.6.4 Antibacterial and antiviral therapies
4.6.4.1 Enhanced drug stability
4.6.4.2 Controlled release
4.6.4.3 Overcoming drug resistance
4.6.4.4 Synergistic effects
4.6.4.5 Specific targeting
4.6.4.6 Intracellular delivery
4.6.4.7 Antiviral strategies
4.6.4.8 Personalized medicine
4.6.5 Gene therapy
4.6.6 Cardiovascular diseases
4.6.7 Regenerative medicine
4.6.8 Neurological disorders
4.6.9 Ophthalmic applications
4.7 Current scenario in the field
4.8 Conclusion and future perspectives
5. Metal and metal oxide–based nanostructures for drug delivery
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Metal oxide–based nanoparticles for drug delivery
5.2.1 Titanium oxide
5.2.2 Iron oxide
5.2.3 Zinc oxide
5.2.4 Copper oxide
5.2.5 Other metal oxides and their applications in drug delivery
5.2.5.1 Manganese dioxide nanoparticles
5.2.5.2 Aluminum oxide nanoparticles
5.2.5.3 Cadmium oxide nanoparticles
5.3 Metal-based nanoparticles for drug delivery
5.3.1 Gold nanoparticles
5.3.2 Silica nanoparticles
5.3.3 Other metals and their applications in drug delivery
5.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
6. Carbon-based and polymeric nanostructures for the delivery of therapeutics: Recent advancements and future prospects
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Green strategies for the production
6.3 Mechanisms of cellular uptake
6.4 Techniques for identification
6.5 Types of carbon nanostructures
6.5.1 Carbon nano-onions
6.5.2 Carbon quantum dots
6.5.3 Fullerene
6.5.4 Carbon nanotubes
6.5.4.1 Functionalization of CNTs
6.5.4.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes
6.5.4.3 Double-walled carbon nanotubes
6.5.4.4 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
6.5.4.5 Biomedical applications of CNTs
6.5.5 Nanodiamonds
6.5.6 Graphene
6.6 Applications of polymeric nanostructures in the biomedical field
6.6.1 Polyethylene glycol
6.6.2 Polycaprolactone
6.6.3 Polyurethane
6.6.4 Polylactic acid
6.6.5 Polyethyleneimine
6.7 Toxicity
6.8 Conclusion and future perspectives
7. Targeted delivery strategies for nanomedicine
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Conventional therapy for the management of different diseases
7.1.2 Challenges associated with conventional therapy
7.1.3 Nanomedicine
7.1.4 Role of nanomedicine in the management of different diseases
7.1.4.1 Cancer
7.1.4.2 Infectious diseases
7.1.4.3 Cardiovascular diseases
7.1.4.4 Neurodegenerative diseases
7.1.4.5 Regenerative therapy
7.2 Various targeting approaches for nanocarrier delivery
7.2.1 Intracellular lipid route
7.2.2 Transcellular route
7.2.3 Follicular route
7.3 Different types of nanocarriers
7.3.1 Vesicular systems
7.3.1.1 Liposomes
7.3.1.2 Niosomes
7.3.1.3 Ethosomes
7.3.1.4 Invasomes
7.3.1.5 Transferosomes
7.3.2 Nanoparticulate systems
7.3.2.1 Solid lipid nanoparticles
7.3.2.2 Nanostructured lipid carriers
7.3.2.3 Polymeric nanoparticles
7.3.2.4 Metal nanoparticles
7.3.2.5 Silica-based nanoparticles
7.3.3 Protein-based nanomaterials
7.3.3.1 Quantum dots
7.3.3.2 Carbon nanotubes
7.3.4 Specialized systems
7.3.4.1 Microneedles
7.3.4.2 Nanodiamonds
7.4 Targeted delivery strategies of nanocarriers in the management of diseases
7.4.1 COVID-19
7.4.2 Cancer
7.4.3 Cardiovascular diseases
7.4.4 Infectious diseases
7.4.5 Autoimmune diseases
7.4.6 Ocular diseases
7.4.7 Pulmonary diseases
7.5 Global market of nanomedicines
7.6 Limitations and challenges linked with nanocarriers
7.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
8. Advanced materials for triggered release of drugs
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Characteristics of advanced materials used in trigger-responsive drug delivery systems
8.3 Types of triggers for drug delivery system
8.3.1 Exogenous stimuli
8.3.1.1 Thermal-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.1.2 Magnetic-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.1.3 Photo/light-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.1.4 Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.1.5 Electrical-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.2 Endogenous stimuli
8.3.2.1 pH-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.2.2 Redox-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.2.3 Ionic microenvironment-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.2.4 Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.2.5 Glucose-responsive nanomaterials
8.3.3 Dual/multistimuli-responsive nanomaterials
8.4 Trigger-responsive advanced materials
8.4.1 Lipid-based materials
8.4.1.1 Liposomes
8.4.1.2 Emulsions
8.4.2 Polymeric materials
8.4.2.1 Polymeric micelles
8.4.2.2 Microgels/hydrogels
8.4.2.3 Dendrimers
8.4.3 Inorganic nanomaterials
8.4.3.1 Gold nanoparticles
8.4.3.2 Mesoporous silica nanoparticles
8.4.3.3 Iron oxide nanoparticles
8.4.3.4 Lanthanide upconversion particles
8.4.4 Carbon-based materials
Stimuli-responsive carbon-based materials
8.5 Conclusion and future perspectives
9. Nanozyme-associated toxicity and regulation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Current scenario of nanozymes
9.3 Challenges of nanozymes
9.4 Regulation of nanozymes
9.4.1 Size
9.4.2 Morphology
9.4.3 Surface modification
9.4.4 Activators and inhibitors
9.5 Conclusions and future perspectives
10. Novel materials for 3D and 4D bioprinting of organs and tissues
10.1 Introduction
10.2 3D-bioprinted materials for tissue engineering
10.2.1 Bone and cartilage tissue
10.2.2 Cardiac tissue
10.2.3 Skin tissue
10.2.4 Neural tissue
10.2.5 Vascular tissue
10.2.6 Lungs
10.3 4D bioprinting
10.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
11. Nanomedicine in tissue regeneration
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Tissue regeneration
11.3 Benefits of tissue regeneration
11.4 Limitations of tissue regeneration
11.5 Nanomaterials for tissue regeneration
11.5.1 Metallic nanomaterials
11.5.2 Carbon nanomaterials
11.5.3 Nanoceramics
11.5.4 Nanofibers
11.5.5 Dendrimers
11.5.6 Nanocomposites
11.6 Fabrication of nanomaterials
11.6.1 Physical fabrication
11.6.2 Chemical synthesis
11.6.3 Biological synthesis
11.6.3.1 Microbial-mediated synthesis
11.6.3.2 Plant-based synthesis
11.6.3.3 Protein-mediated synthesis
11.7 Applications of nanomaterials in tissue regeneration
11.7.1 Use in cardiovascular repair
11.7.2 Use in skin regeneration
11.7.3 Use in ocular regeneration
11.7.4 Use in skeletal muscle and bone repair
11.7.5 Use in brain and neural regeneration
11.7.6 Use in drug delivery
11.7.6.1 Synthesis of liposomes
11.7.6.2 Synthesis of dendrimers
11.7.6.3 Synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles
11.8 Toxicology of nanomaterials
11.9 Conclusion and future perspectives
12. Nanomedicine and biomaterials for wound healing and repair applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Types of nanoparticles for wound healing
12.2.1 Organic nanomaterials
12.2.1.1 Lipid-based nanomaterials
12.2.1.2 Protein-based nanomaterials
12.2.1.3 Synthetic polymer-based nanoparticles and fibers
12.3 Inorganic particles
12.3.1 Metal nanoparticles
12.3.1.1 Silver nanoparticles
12.3.1.2 Gold nanoparticles
12.3.1.3 Copper nanoparticles
12.3.2 Metal oxides nanoparticles
12.3.2.1 Zinc oxide
12.3.2.2 Cerium oxide
12.3.2.3 Silica
12.3.2.4 Graphene oxide
12.3.2.5 Iron oxide
12.3.2.6 Copper oxide
12.4 Types of biomaterials
12.4.1 Hydrocolloids
12.4.2 Alginates
12.4.3 Hydrogels
12.4.4 Foams
12.4.5 Films
12.5 Polymer materials for wound dressing
12.5.1 Cellulose
12.5.2 Collagen
12.5.3 Chitosan
12.5.4 Hyaluronic acid
12.5.5 Fibrinogen and fibrin
12.6 Commercialized nanoparticles used in wound healing
12.6.1 Metal nanoparticles
12.6.2 Alginates and hybrids
12.6.3 Collagen and its hybrids
12.6.4 Hydrogels and hybrids
12.6.5 Synthetic polymers and its hybrids
12.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
12.8 Abbreviations
13. Recent advancements in nanobiomaterials for the management of ischemic diseases
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Basic pathophysiology of ischemia
13.3 Role of ischemia and reperfusion injury
13.4 Current treatment of organ ischemia
13.5 Challenges associated with current treatments
13.6 Role of nanomaterials
13.6.1 As a diagnostic agent
13.6.2 As a therapeutic agent
13.7 Nanomaterials used in the management of ischemia
13.7.1 Solid lipid NPs
13.7.2 Dendrimers
13.7.3 Polymeric nanoparticles
13.7.4 Metallic nanoparticles
13.7.4.1 Silver nanoparticles
13.7.4.2 Gold nanoparticles
13.7.4.3 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
13.7.4.4 Copper nanoparticles
13.7.4.5 Iron oxide nanoparticles
13.7.5 Vesicular systems
13.7.5.1 Liposomes
13.7.5.2 Niosomes
13.7.5.3 Ethosomes
13.8 Recent advances in the management of ischemia
13.8.1 Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy
13.8.1.1 MSC-based therapy for the treatment of cerebral ischemia
13.8.1.2 MSC-based treatment in ischemic heart disease
13.8.2 Ligand-based targeting using nano-biomaterials
13.8.2.1 Ligand-based targeting in treating ischemic stroke
13.8.3 Biomimetic targeting
13.8.3.1 Biomimetic targeting in ischemic heart disease
13.8.3.2 Biomimetic targeting in ischemic stroke
13.9 Limitations and challenges associated with nanomaterials
13.10 Conclusion and future perspectives
14. Application of nanobiomaterials in tissue engineering, repair, and cell remodeling
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Bone tissue
14.3 Cardiac tissue
14.4 Liver tissue
14.5 Nerve tissue
14.6 Skin tissue
14.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
15. Immunomodulation strategies of nanobiomaterials by modulating surface chemistry and physical properties
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Metal nanoparticles
15.3 Metal oxide nanoparticles
15.4 Carbon nanoparticles
15.5 Polymeric nanoparticles
15.6 Others
15.7 Conclusion and future perspectives
16. Developing smart medical implants using functionalized carbon nanostructures
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Tendons and ligaments
16.3 Bone
16.4 Teeth
16.5 Neural
16.6 Conclusion and future perspectives
17. Graphdiyne-based biomaterials for biosensor and imaging applications
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biosensing
17.2.1 Glucose sensing
17.2.2 DNA sensing
17.2.3 Biomarker sensing
17.2.4 Drug molecule sensing
17.3 Graphdiyne for bioimaging
17.3.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
17.3.2 Fluorescence imaging
17.3.3 Photoacoustic imaging
17.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
18. Surface-functionalized magnetic nanomaterials for the diagnosis and targeted therapy against cancer
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Surface-functionalized by inorganic materials
18.3 Surface functionalization by organic materials
18.3.1 Polymers
18.3.1.1 Synthetic polymers
18.3.1.2 Natural polymers
18.3.2 Dendrimers
18.3.3 Organic surfactants
18.4 Surface functionalization by metals
18.5 Surface functionalization by carbon-based materials
18.5.1 Carbon
18.5.2 Carbon nanotubes
18.5.3 Graphene oxide
18.6 Surface functionalization by quantum dots
18.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
19. Nanohybrids for the detection and control of infectious diseases
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Nanomaterials for the detection of infection
19.2.1 Lab-on-chip
19.2.2 Laboratory-on-a-cartridge-chip
19.2.3 Lateral flow immunoassay chips
19.3 Nanomaterials for infection control
19.3.1 Viral infection
19.3.2 Bacterial infection
19.3.3 Fungal infection
19.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
20. Polymer-based formulations against metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: A nanotherapeutic approach
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Synthetic polymer-based nanoformulations
20.3 Biopolymer-based nanoformulations
20.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
Index

Sougata Ghosh

Dr. Sougata Ghosh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Microbiology at RK University, India, with a B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. in Microbiology from Savitribai Phule Pune University. He also serves as a Visiting Professor at Kasetsart University in Thailand and Northeastern University in the USA. Ghosh has led a DBT-funded Foldscope Research Project, filed seven patents, edited ten books, and authored 256 publications with 5,258 citations. He has spoken at numerous international conferences and reviews for 79 journals. A life member of the Association of Microbiologists of India, he has been recognized in Stanford's World Top 2% Scientists Ranking. His research focuses on nanobiotechnology, applied microbiology, and bioremediation.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

Thomas J. Webster

Thomas J. Webster is a Professor at the School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China. He is also a Visiting Professor at the Center for Biomaterials, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Piaui, Brazil. His degrees are in chemical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh (B.S., 1995) and in biomedical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (M.S., 1997; Ph.D., 2000). He has served as a professor at Purdue University (2000-2005), Brown University (2005-2012), and Northeastern University (2012-2021). He was the founding editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Nanomedicine (pioneering the open-access format). Prof. Webster has received numerous honors including: 2012, Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering; 2013, Fellow, Biomedical Engineering Society; 2016, International College of Fellows, Biomaterials Science and Engineering; 2016, Acta Biomaterialia Silver Award; 2019, Overseas Fellow, Royal Society of Medicine (UK); and 2022, Clarivate Most Distinguished Researcher (Top 0.1% in citations). He also served as the President of the U.S. Society For Biomaterials.

Affiliations and expertise

School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Materials Program, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil

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