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Medical Epigenetics
- 1st Edition - June 21, 2016
- Editor: Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 2 3 9 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 2 4 0 - 4
Medical Epigenetics provides a comprehensive analysis of the importance of epigenetics to health management. The purpose of this book is to fill a current need for a compre… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMedical Epigenetics provides a comprehensive analysis of the importance of epigenetics to health management. The purpose of this book is to fill a current need for a comprehensive volume on the medical aspects of epigenetics with a focus on human systems, epigenetic diseases that affect these systems and modes of treating epigenetic-based disorders and diseases. The intent of this book is to provide a stand-alone comprehensive volume that will cover all human systems relevant to epigenetic maladies and all major aspects of medical epigenetics. The overall goal is to provide the leading book on medical epigenetics that will be useful not only to physicians, nurses, medical students and many others directly involved with health care, but also investigators in life sciences, biotech companies, graduate students and many others who are interested in more applied aspects of epigenetics. Research in the area of translational epigenetics is a cornerstone of this volume.
- Critical reviews dedicated to the burgeoning role of epigenetics in medical practice
- Coverage of emerging topics including twin epigenetics as well as epigenetics of gastrointestinal disease, muscle disorders, endocrine disorders, ocular medicine, pediatric diseases, sports medicine, noncoding RNA therapeutics, pain management and regenerative medicine
- Encompasses a disease-oriented perspective of medical epigenetics as well as diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic approaches to applied medicine
Geneticists, clinical researchers, and clinicians studying the underlying basis of human disease and novel means to treat human diseases that are caused by reversible epigenetic processes
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Section I: Overview
- Chapter 1: An Overview of Medical Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Basic Principles of Epigenetics
- General Medical Aspects of Epigenetics
- Epigenetics of System Disorders
- Multisystem Medical Epigenetics
- Pharmacology of Epigenetics
- Therapeutic Epigenetics
- Medical Epigenetics: Future Prospects
- Conclusions
- Chapter 1: An Overview of Medical Epigenetics
- Section II: Basic Principles of Epigenetics
- Chapter 2: DNA Methylation: Basic Principles
- Abstract
- Introduction
- DNA Methylation
- The Methylome
- Demethylation
- DNA Methylation Reprogramming
- Intergenerational and Transgenerational Inheritance
- Exceptions to the Rule: Methylated CpG Islands
- Functions of DNA Methylation
- Epigenoprints
- DNA Methylation as a Therapeutic Target
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 3: Histone Deacetylases as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Histone Acetylation and its Role in Memory Consolidation
- Histone Modifications in Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Conclusions
- Chapter 4: Basic Principles of Noncoding RNAs in Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic Modulation of Gene Expression
- Noncoding RNAs
- How Noncoding RNAs Influence Gene Expression via Epigenetics
- Noncoding RNA, Epigenetics, and Diseases
- Noncoding RNA–Based Therapies
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 2: DNA Methylation: Basic Principles
- Section III: General Medical Aspects of Epigenetics
- Chapter 5: Epidemiological Epigenetics in Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Malnutrition
- Environmental Xenobiotics
- Infections
- Stress
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 6: Lifestyle and Preventive Medical Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction to Epigenetic Vulnerability to Environmental Change
- Modulation of Epigenetic Patterns by Nutrition: Implications for Preventive Medicine
- Physical Exercise and its Potential Applicability for the Modulation of Epigenetic Patterns
- Conclusions
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 7: Environmental Medical Epigenetics: A Review of Epigenetically Induced Medical Risks Generated From Exposures in our Air, Food, and Personal Products
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Allergens
- Secondhand Cigarette Smoke
- Traffic-Related Air Pollution
- Trace Metals
- Heavy Metals
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
- Pesticides
- Diet
- Volatile Organic Compounds
- Farm Exposure
- Conclusions/Outstanding Questions
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 8: Behavioral Medical Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Impact of Environmental Factors on Behavior
- Animal Models of Human Behavior
- Human Behavioral Studies
- Animal Studies of Behavior
- Epigenetic Changes as Mediators of the Stress Response
- Environmental Stressors and Epigenetics
- The HPA Axis and the Stress Response
- Acute Versus Chronic Stress Response
- Stress Hormones and Behavior
- Glucocorticoids and Glucocorticoid Signaling
- Glucocorticoid Signaling and Epigenetics
- HPA Axis Genes: Genes that Regulate Glucocorticoid Signaling
- Glucocorticoid Resistance
- Glucocorticoid Resistance and Disease
- Glucocorticoid Resistance and Epigenetics
- HPA Axis Genes: Genes that Regulate Tissue-Specific Processes
- Environmental Stressors and Neurotransmitters
- Types of Neurotransmitters
- Interconnectivity of the Neurotransmitter Systems
- The Dopaminergic System
- Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Dopaminergic System
- Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Dopaminergic Transmission
- Glucocorticoids and Dopamine in Drug Addiction
- Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Dopamine-Related Behavior
- The Adrenergic and Noradrenergic Systems
- Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Adrenergic and Noradrenergic System
- Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Adrenergic and Noradrenergic Transmission
- Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Adrenaline and Noradrenaline-Related Behavior
- The Serotonergic (5-HT) System
- Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Serotonergic System
- Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Serotonergic Transmission
- Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Serotonin-Related Behavior
- Glutamate and GABA Systems
- Behavioral Disorders Associated with the Glutamate and GABA System
- Evidence for Glucocorticoid Effect on Glutamate and GABA System
- Epigenetic Mediators of Glucocorticoids on Glutamate and GABA-Related Behavior
- Conclusion
- Chapter 9: Medical Epigenetics and Twins
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Monogenic Disorders: Twin Studies and the Epigenetics of Imprinting Disorders
- Twin Studies and the Epigenetics of Multifactorial Disorders
- Caveats
- Future Directions
- Conclusions
- Chapter 10: Epigenetic Biomarkers of Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- What Are Epigenetic Biomarkers?
- Methods for Assessing Epigenetic Changes for Biomarkers
- Diagnostic Epigenetic Biomarkers
- Epigenetic Biomarkers for Risk Stratification
- Epigenetic Biomarkers for Chemoprevention
- Therapeutic Implications of Epigenetic Biomarkers
- Clinical Application of Epigenetic Biomarkers—What are the Pitfalls?
- Future Perspectives
- Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 11: Prognostic Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Biology of Prognostic Epigenome
- DNA Methylation
- Noncoding RNA
- CIMP
- LINE-1 Methylation
- Prognostic Epigenetic Biomarkers in Nonmalignant Pathology
- The Future
- Abbreviations
- Conflict-of-interest statement
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 5: Epidemiological Epigenetics in Medicine
- Section IV: Epigenetics of System Disorders
- Chapter 12: Immune System Disorders and Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Fundamental Concepts in Epigenetics
- Epigenetic Regulation of Innate Immune Transcription
- Kinetics of Gene Induction by Epigenetic Landscape and Chromatin Binding Proteins
- Innate Immune “Memory” Driven by Epigenetic and Metabolic Reprogramming
- Pathogen Subversion of the Host Innate Immune Response
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Mutations of Epigenetic Enzymes in Immune Disease
- Targeting Chromatin-Modifying Enzymes in Immune-Based Disorders
- Concluding Remarks
- Chapter 13: Pulmonary Diseases and Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- COPD
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Disease
- Asthma
- PAH
- Others
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Disorders and Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Mechanisms of Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Disease
- Epigenetic Involvement in Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- Cardiovascular Disorders and Epigenetics
- Epigenetic-Based Cardiovascular Therapy
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 15: Epigenomics of Intestinal Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetics and Intestinal Development
- Intestinal Homeostasis and the Microbiota
- Epigenetics, Intestinal Homeostasis, and the Microbiota
- Microbiota-Derived Metabolites
- Diet and the Intestinal Epigenome
- Colon Cancer
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Celiac Disease
- Therapeutics
- Future Directions
- Glossary
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 16: Epigenetics of Skin Disorders
- Abstract
- Immunologic Skin Diseases
- Infectious Skin Diseases
- Skin Tumors
- Skin Aging
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 17: Epigenetics in Bone and Joint Disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic Regulation of the Immune System in Rheumatic Diseases
- Epigenetics Therapy in Rheumatic Diseases
- miRNAs as Biomarkers for Rheumatology and Bone Diseases
- Conclusions
- Chapter 18: Epigenetics of Muscle Disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Cardiac Muscle Remodeling
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
- Motor Neuron Degeneration
- Muscular Dystrophies
- Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Limitations of Epigenetic Drugs
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 19: Epigenetics of Psychiatric Disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic Gene Regulation in the Brain
- The Effects of Adverse Environments on Psychiatric Vulnerability: The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms
- Epigenetics of Schizophrenia
- Epigenetics of Depression
- Epigenetics of bipolar disorder
- Conclusions, Future Directions, and Challenges
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 20: Epigenetic Alterations in Endocrine-Dependent Cancers: Implications of Endocrine Dysfunctions
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Mechanisms of Epigenetics
- Factors Influencing the Development of Hormone-Dependent Cancers
- The Epigenetic Changes in the Development and Progression Hormone-Dependent Cancers
- Mechanisms Promoting Epigenetic Alterations in Hormone-Dependent Cancers
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 21: Reproductive Disease Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Physiological Epigenetic Changes During Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, and Development
- Epigenetic Alterations in the Infertile Male
- Epigenetic Alterations in the Infertile Female
- Assisted Reproduction and Potential Epigenetic Risks
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 22: Epigenetics in Ocular Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetics in Proliferative Eye Diseases
- Epigenetics in Complex Eye Diseases
- Epigenetics in Age-Related Diseases of the Eye
- DNA Methylation and Retinal Cell Death
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 12: Immune System Disorders and Epigenetics
- Section V: Multi-system Medical Epigenetics
- Chapter 23: Pediatric Diseases and Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Specific Syndromes and Disorders Whose Genes Are Involved in the Processes and Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
- Microdeletions and Duplications of Chromosomes
- Disorders of Genomic Imprinting
- Known Environmental Disorders Which Are Likely to Have Disturbances in Epigenetic Regulation
- Developmental Disorders That Are Likely to Involve Epigenetic Mechanisms
- Monozygotic Twins
- Preconception and Periconception Effects
- Microbiome
- Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
- The Application of Epigenetic Research to Public Health Policy of the Future
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 24: Epigenetics of Infectious Diseases
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathogen-Induced Epigenetic Modifications in Host Cells
- Epigenetic Modifications in Bacterial Pathogens
- Conclusions
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 25: Clinical Utility of Solid Tumor Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Lung Cancer
- Liver Cancer
- Gastric Cancer
- Colorectal Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Summary
- Glossary
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 26: Epigenetic Control in Human Normal Follicular Thyroid Cells and in Thyroid Carcinoma
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Normal Epigenetic Control and Deregulation in Cancer
- Altered Genes via Aberrant DNA Methylation in Thyroid Carcinomas
- The Role of Histone Modifications in Thyroid Carcinomas
- Conclusions and Future Directions
- Glossary
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 27: Epigenetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic Regulation of the Genome
- Normal Hematopoiesis
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Environment
- Genetic and Cytogenetic Anomalies
- Epigenetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Epigenetic-Based Therapy
- Conclusions
- Chapter 28: Epigenetic Regulation in Cancer Metastasis
- Abstract
- Overview of Cancer Metastasis
- Epigenetic Control
- Molecular Pathways of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
- Anoikis Resistance
- Extravasation and Colonization
- Epigenome-Wide Big Data Analysis for Mechanistic Understanding of Metastasis
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 29: Epigenetics in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine
- Abstract
- Introduction
- General Findings
- Muscle Tissue
- Blood Cells
- Cardiovascular Tissues
- Brain
- Other Tissues
- Conclusion
- Glossary
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 30: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Inheritance of Acquired Susceptibility to Disease
- Abstract
- Genetics and the “Missing Heritability” Problem
- Concepts in Transgenerational Epigenetics
- The Environment as a Driver for Epimutations
- Conclusions
- Chapter 23: Pediatric Diseases and Epigenetics
- Section VI: Pharmacology of Epigenetics
- Chapter 31: Toxicology and Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetics and Diseases
- Environmental Etiology and Influence
- Considerations in Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Conclusion and Future Perspective
- Disclaimer
- Glossary
- Chapter 32: Pharmacoepigenomics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The Pharma-Targets of the Epigenetic Machinery
- Epigenetics of the Pharmacogenomic Network
- Pharmacogenomics of Selected Epigenetic Drugs
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 31: Toxicology and Epigenetics
- Section VII: Therapeutic Epigenetics
- Chapter 33: Therapeutics and DNA Methylation Inhibitors
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Mechanism of Action
- Application of DNMT Inhibitors
- Epigenetic Agents in Combination
- Other DNMT inhibitors
- Conclusions
- Chapter 34: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Medical Therapeutics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Classification of Histone Deacetylases
- Classification of HDAC Inhibitors
- HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer
- HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
- HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Fibrotic Diseases
- HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
- HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
- Safety Issues With the Use of HDAC Inhibitors
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 35: NAD+-Dependent Deacetylases and Medical Therapy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Sirtuins
- Biosources of NAD+
- Sirtuin Repressors and Activators
- Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Disease
- Summary
- Conflict-of-Interest Statement
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 36: Experimental Approaches Toward Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors as Therapeutics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Histone Acetyltransferases
- HATs in Disease
- HAT Inhibitors
- Therapeutic Possibilities of HAT Inhibitors
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 37: Histone Methylation Modifiers in Medical Therapeutics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2)
- Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing Like (DOT1L)
- Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1, KDM1A)
- Targeting Other Histone Methylation Modifiers
- Conclusions
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 38: Therapeutics of Epigenetic-Based RNA Molecules
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Oligonucleotide-Based miRNA Therapeutics
- Targeting miRNA with Small Molecular Compounds
- Modulation of miRNA Transcription, Processing, and Exosomal Secretion
- Modulation of the Epigenome via miRNA
- Candidate miRNA Therapeutic Targets
- Therapeutic Modulation of lncRNA
- miRNA Therapies Currently in Clinical Trials
- Conclusions
- Glossary
- Chapter 39: Natural Epigenetic-Modifying Molecules in Medical Therapy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic Mechanisms
- Nutrients and Epigenetics
- Dietary Phytochemicals with Bioactive Capabilities
- Dietary Phytochemicals as Modulators of DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications
- Regulation of miRNA Expression by Dietary Phytochemicals and Micronutrients
- “Epigenetic” Clinical Trials with Dietary Phytochemicals
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 40: Outcome of Combining Epigenetic Drugs with Other Treatments in the Clinic
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic Drugs in Combination Therapies in Clinic
- Scope of Combinatorial Epigenetics in Other Diseases
- Conclusions and Future Perspectives
- Glossary
- Chapter 41: Epigenetics of Pain Management
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Future Approaches to Exploit the Role of Epigenetics in Chronic Pain
- Epigenetic Therapies
- Conclusions
- Chapter 42: Personalized Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Different Epigenetic Layers Determine the Individual World of Epigenetic Regulation
- Personalized Epigenetics in Cancer
- Epigenetic Intervention: the Introduction of “Epidrugs” Into Clinical Medicine
- Personalized Epigenetics
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 43: Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine: Neural and Skeletal Muscle Perspectives
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Regenerative Medicine: Approaches
- Epigenetic Reprogramming and Tissue Regeneration
- Epigenetics of Neural Regeneration
- Epigenetic Pharmacology and Neural Regeneration
- Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
- Epigenetics and Aging
- Conclusions
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 44: Stem Cell Epigenetics in Medical Therapy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Stem Cells
- Epigenetics of Stem Cells
- Therapeutic Prospects of Stem Cells
- DNA Methylation
- Histone Modifications
- Noncoding RNAs
- RNA Modifications
- Conclusions
- Glossary
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 33: Therapeutics and DNA Methylation Inhibitors
- Section VIII: Medical Epigenetics: Future Prospects
- Chapter 45: Prospective Advances in Medical Epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- DNA Methylation: Leader of Future Medical Epigenetics
- Histone Modification: Treasure for Future Medical Epigenetics
- Noncoding RNAs: New Players in Future Medical Epigenetics
- International Human Epigenome Consortium: Cornerstone of Future Medical Epigenetics
- Epigenetical Precision Medicine: The Ultimate Goal of Future Medical Epigenetics
- Abbreviations
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 45: Prospective Advances in Medical Epigenetics
- Subject Index
- No. of pages: 924
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: June 21, 2016
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780128032398
- eBook ISBN: 9780128032404
TO
Trygve O. Tollefsbol
Dr. Tollefsbol is a Distinguished Professor of Biology and a Senior Scientist in the O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Integrative Center for Aging Research, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University Wide Microbiome Center, and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). He is Director of the UAB Cell Senescence Culture Facility which he established in 1999. Dr. Tollefsbol trained as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Assistant Research Professor with members of the National Academy of Science at Duke University and the University of North Carolina. He earned doctorates in molecular biology and osteopathic medicine from the University of North Texas Health Sciences Center and his bachelor’s degree in Biology from the University of Houston. He has received prior funding from the NCI, NHLBI, NIMH and other federal institutes as well as the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research, Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR), and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) among many other sources.
Affiliations and expertise
Distinguished Professor of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USARead Medical Epigenetics on ScienceDirect