Medical Applications of Liposomes

1. Liposomes in Medicine. General introduction (D.D. Lasic, D. Papahadjopoulos). Liposome research in drug delivery and targeting: Thoughts of an early participant (G. Gregoriadis). 2. Stimulation of Immune Response and Vaccination. Class I presentation of liposomal antigens (M. Rao, C.R. Alving). Major histocompatibility complex Class II molecules, liposomes and antigen presentation (L. Leserman, N. Barois). Systemic activation of macrophages by liposomes containing synthetic immunomodulators for treatment of metastatic disease (L. A. Worth et al.). DNA vaccination: A role for liposomes (G. Gregoriadis et al.). "Virosomes", a new liposome-like vaccine delivery system (R. Glück, A. Wegmann). Liposomes and virosomes as immunoadjuvant and antigen-carrier systems in vaccine formulations (T. Daemen et al.). Theoretical basis for development of liposomes as carriers of vaccines (C.R. Alving). 3. Infectious Diseases. The development of liposomal amphotericin B: An historical perspective (K.M. Wasan, G. Lopez-Berestein). Long-circulating liposomes containing antibacterial and antifungal agents (I.A.J.M. Bakker-Woudenberg, E.W.M. van Etten). Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis infections by liposome-encapsulated drugs (N. Düzgünes). 4. Cancer Therapy. Introduction and general strategies (D.D. Lasic, D. Papahadjopoulos). Designing therapeutically optimized liposomal anticancer delivery systems: Lessons from conventional liposomes (L.D. Mayer et al.). Pharmacologic advantages of anthracyclines encapsulated in poly-ethylene-glycol coated stealth liposomes: Potential for tumor targeting (D. Goren, A. Gabizon). Cellular distribution of Doxil^® within selected tissues, assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (J. Vaage et al.). Liposomes as carriers of lipophilic antitumor agents (R. Perez-Soler, Y. Zou). Targeted sterically stabilized liposomal drug delivery (T.M. Allen et al.). Targeting of sterically stabilized liposomes to cancers overexpressing HER2 protooncogene (D.B. Kirpotin et al.). 5. Gene Therapy. Liposomes and gene delivery: A perspective (C. Nicolau, D. Papahadjopoulos). Cationic liposomes, DNA and gene delivery (D.D. Lasic, D. Ruff). Cationic liposomes - DNA complexes in gene therapy (S. Bhattacharya, L. Huang). Ultrastructural morphology of cationic liposome-DNA complexes for gene therapy (B. Sternberg). Liposomal antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics (M.C. Woodle, L. Leserman). 6. Other Applications. Introduction (D.D. Lasic, D. Papahadjopoulos). Artificial lung expanding compound (ALEC^TM) (A.D. Bangham). Pulmonary applications of liposomes (H. Schreier). Toxicity of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin: Effect of liposomal membrane composition on host defense, platelet activation and hemostases during laminar shear flow (J. Jato et al.). Developing uses of topical liposomes: Delivery of biologically active macromolecules (N. Weiner, L. Lieb). Liposomes as carriers of contrast agents for in vivo diagnostics (V.P. Torchilin). 7. Industrial Manufacturing and Pre-Clinical Testing. Design of liposome-based drug carriers: From basic research to application as approved drugs (Y. Barenholz). Strategies for large scale production and optimised stability of pharmaceutical liposomes developed for parenterental use (E.C.A. van Winden et al.). Pre-clinical studies of lipid-complexed and liposomal drugs: Amphotec Doxil^® and SPI-77 (P.K. Working). 8. Clinical Testing of Liposome Pharmaceuticals. Clinical trials of liposomes as carriers of chemotherapeutic agents: Synopsis and perspective (A.A. Gabizon). Clinical pharmacology and antitumor efficacy of Doxil (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin): Sequus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (F.J. Martin). The liposome company: Lipid-based pharmaceuticals in clinical development (C.E. Swenson et al.). Unilamellar liposomes for anticancer and antifungal therapy: NeXstar Pharmaceuticals Inc. (P.G. Schmidt et al.). Medical applications of multivesicular lipid-based particles: DepoFoam^TM encapsulated drugs, DepoTech, Inc. (J.H. Senior). 9. Future Prospects. Future of liposome applications: Serendipity vs design (D.D. Lasic, D. Papahadjopoulos). List of Contributors. Subject Index.