Mechanics Today
Pergamon Mechanics Today Series, Volume 2
- 1st Edition - January 1, 1975
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Editor: S. Nemat-Nasser
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 1 6 2 3 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 8 6 5 - 6
Mechanics Today, Volume 2 consists of four articles considering applied mechanics. Each article starts with a discussion of fundamentals and continues with a presentation of… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMechanics Today, Volume 2 consists of four articles considering applied mechanics. Each article starts with a discussion of fundamentals and continues with a presentation of analytical and experimental results. Topics discussed in the first three articles include theory of creep and shrinkage in concrete structures; nonequilibrium thermodynamics of continua; and mathematical aspects of finite-element approximations in continuum mechanics. The last article shows the utilization of exact simple wave solutions for the construction of uniform approximations for waves in nonlinear dissipative or bounded media. This book is useful to specialists and accessible to non-experts but with sufficient background of the subject matter.
Contributors
Preface
Contents of Volume
Summary
I Theory of Creep and Shrinkage in Concrete Structures: A Précis of Recent Developments
1. Introduction
2. Basic Experimental Facts Relating to Creep and Shrinkage
3. Concrete Approximated as an Aging Viscoelastic Material
3.1 Integral-Type Creep Law
3.2 Creep Function in Contemporary Recommendations by Engineering Societies
3.3 Dirichlet Series Expansions of Creep and Relaxation Functions
3.4 Rate-Type Creep Law
4. Environmental Factors and Nonlinear Effects in Creep and Shrinkage
4.1 Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Aging
4.2 Creep Law of Mass Concrete at Variable Temperature
4.3 Microdiffusion Mechanism of Creep and Its Thermodynamics
4.4 Constitutive Equation at Variable Temperature and Humidity
4.5 Nonlinear Effects in Creep and Shrinkage
4.6 Drying and Wetting of Concrete
5. Methods of Structural Analysis
5.1 Elastic-Viscoelastic Analogy for Aging Materials
5.2 Homogeneous Structures and McHenry's Analogy
5.3 Numerical Step-by-Step Methods
5.4 Conversion of Inelastic Strains to Applied Loads
5.5 Approximate Solutions Based on Simplified Creep Laws
6. Practical Problems in Design and Conclusion
7. References
8. List of Basic Notations
II On Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Continua
1. Introduction
2. Classical Concepts
2.1 First Law
2.2 State Space
2.3 Second Law
2.4 References
3. Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics
3.1 Conservation Laws
3.2 Constitutive Relations
3.3 Response Functionals
3.4 State Space and Hidden Coordinates
3.5 Internal Energy as a State Variable
3.6 Other Principles
3.7 References
4. Nonequilibrium Temperature and Entropy; the Second Law
4.1 Temperature
4.2 Entropy
4.3 Some Definitions
4.4 On Nonuniqueness of Nonequilibrium Entropy and Temperature
4.5 On the Principle of Nondecreasing Entropy
4.6 Bounds on Entropy
4.7 Heat Conduction
4.8 References
5. Thermodynamics of Materials with Memory
5.1 Representation of Memory by Means of Hidden Coordinates
5.2 On Path Parameter in State Space: A Theory of Viscoplasticity
5.3 Representation of Memory by Means of Response Functionals
5.4 On the Chain Rule of Differentiation
5.5 Representation in Terms of Response Functionals, and Clausius Inequality
5.6 Equilibrium Entropy
5.7 Nonequilibrium Entropy
5.8 References
6. Conclusions
7. References
III Mathematical Aspects of Finite-Element Approximations in Continuum Mechanics
1. Introduction
2. Weak Solutions of Elliptic Boundary-Value Problems
2.1 Introductory Ideas
2.2 Energy Spaces
2.3 Sobolev Spaces and Sobolev Imbeddings
2.4 Existence and Uniqueness
2.5 Variational Formulations
3. Approximations of Weak Solutions
3.1 Projections and Prolongations
3.2 Galerkin Approximations
3.3 Weighted Residuals
3.4 Ritz Approximations
3.5 Least-Square Approximations
3.6 Functional Imbeddings
4. Energy Convergence and Accuracy of Ritz-Galerkin Approximations of Elliptic Equations
4.1 Galerkin Approximations
4.2 Ritz Approximations
4.3 Nitsche's Trick
4.4 Consistency and Stability of Galerkin Approximations
5. Finite-Element Approximations
5.1 Introductory Comment
5.2 Connectivity of Discrete Models
5.3 Global and Local Representations
5.4 Finite-Element Models of Boundary-Value Problems
5.5 Some Distributional Considerations
6. Spline and Finite-Element Interpolation Spaces
6.1 Introductory Comment
6.2 L-Spline Spaces and One-dimensional Finite Elements
6.3 Rectangular Finite-Element Interpolation in E2
6.4 Prismatic, Cubic, and n-Dimensional Finite Elements
6.5 Triangular Finite Elements
6.6 Generalizations, Isoparametric Elements
7. Perturbation Errors
7.1 Quadrature Errors
7.2 Other Perturbation Errors, Conditioning and Boundary Errors
8. Nonlinear Problems
8.1 Introductory Comment
8.2 Nonlinear Elliptic Problems—Variational Approach
8.3 Strongly Monotone Operators
9. Mixed Finite-Element Approximations
9.1 Mixed Models
9.2 T*T Operators, Canonical Theory
9.3 Projections of the Canonical and Dual Equations
9.4 Consistency, Stability, and Convergence of Mixed Models
10. Initial-Value Problems
10.1 Introductory Comment
10.2 Linear Parabolic Problems
10.3 Some Fully Discrete Approximations
10.4 Nonlinear Second-Order Hyperbolic Equations
11. Closing Comments
12. References
IV Nonlinear Geometrical Acoustics
1. Introduction
2. Acceleration Fronts
3. Linear Geometrical Acoustics
4. Nonlinear Geometrical Acoustics
4.1 Weak Shocks
5. Modulated Simple Waves
6. Noninteracting Simple Waves
7. The Evolution of a Self-sustained Oscillation
8. A Resonant-Forced Oscillation
9. Nonlinear Interacting Waves
10. References
Author Index
Subject Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 1975
- No. of pages (eBook): 354
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9781483116235
- eBook ISBN: 9781483148656
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S. Nemat-Nasser
Affiliations and expertise
La Jolla, CA, USARead Mechanics Today on ScienceDirect