Materials Under Extreme Conditions

Chapter 1. Material Studies at High Pressure

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Experimental and Theoretical Methods to Study Materials at High Pressure
• 3. Diagnostics
• 4. Some Case Studies
• 5. Future Prospects

Chapter 2. Materials Under Shock Waves

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Dynamic Compression Process
• 3. Experimental Techniques
• 4. Case Studies
• 5. Theoretical Methods
• 6. Theoretical Studies
• 7. Summary and Discussion

Chapter 3. Materials for Hostile Corrosive Environments

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Corrosion by Liquid Sodium
• 3. Materials for the Hostile Corrosive Environments in Steam Water Environments of Nuclear Power Plants
• 4. Materials in Seawater Environments
• 5. Corrosion Issues of Materials for Nitric Acid Corrosive Environments
• 6. Pyrochemical Reprocessing of Spent Metallic Fuel and Durability of Materials in Molten Salt and Uranium Environments
• 7. Conclusions

Chapter 4. Materials for Hostile Chemical Environments

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Different Types of Hostile Environments
• 3. Acid-Resistant Materials
• 4. Alkali-Resistant Materials
• 5. Materials Resistant to Corrosive Gases (H₂S, SO_x, NO_x, etc.)
• 6. Methods to Monitor Surface Modifications Occurring With Materials Due to Hostile Environments
• 7. Stainless Steel in Hostile Chemical Environments
• 8. Different Types of Steels
• 9. Classification of Steel for Engineering Uses
• 10. Surface Roughness
• 11. Refractory Materials
• 12. Reaction of Refractory Materials With Slag
• 13. Pozzolans
• 14. Tungsten Carbide
• 15. Silicon Carbide
• 16. Boron Nitride
• 17. Gallium Nitride
• 18. Borosilicate Glass
• 19. Diamond-Based Materials
• 20. Resins and Polymers for Hostile Chemical Environments
• 21. Acrylic Resins
• 22. Epoxy Resins
• 23. Silicone Resins
• 24. Buna N
• 25. Ethylene Propylenediene Monomer Rubber
• 26. Fluorocarbon Elastomers
• 27. Styrene-Butadiene-Based Polymers
• 28. Plastics That Can Survive Hostile Environments
• 29. Designing Fibers of Polymers With Resistance to Hostile Chemical Environments
• 30. Chlorine and Fluorinated Polymers
• 31. Fluorinated Polymers or Fibers
• 32. Chemically Resistant Fibers Based on Aromatic Ring-Containing Polymers
• 33. Composite Materials
• 34. Conclusions

Chapter 5. High Performance Polymer Nanocomposites for Structural Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nanofillers
• 3. Polymers
• 4. Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites
• 5. Characterization of Nanocomposites
• 6. Tailoring Morphology and Interface of Polymer Nanocomposites
• 7. High-Modulus Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Developments
• 8. Conclusions
• List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

Chapter 6. Glasses and Glass-Ceramics for Vacuum and High-Temperature Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Glass and Glass-Ceramics and Related Properties
• 3. Wettability and Joining of Metals Using Glasses
• 4. Types of Seals and Their Configuration
• 5. Sealants for High Temperature (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Sealants)
• 6. Preparation of Glass-to-Metal Seals
• 7. Machinable Glass-Ceramics
• 8. Future Perspectives

Chapter 7. Natural Glasses Under Extreme Conditions

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Glass
• 3. Natural Glasses of Volcanic Origin
• 4. Natural Glasses of Nonvolcanic Origin
• 5. Leaching of Glass
• 6. Alteration of Natural Glasses Under Extreme Geological Conditions
• 7. Alteration of Natural Glasses Under Extreme Experimental Conditions
• 8. Conclusions and Future Directions

Chapter 8. Protective Hard Coatings for Tribological Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. General Methods of Deposition
• 3. Characterization Tools
• 4. Testing Methods
• 5. Hard Coatings for Tribological Applications
• 6. Summary

Chapter 9. Intermetallics and Alloys for High Temperature Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Intermetallics
• 3. Silicides
• 4. High-Entropy Alloys
• 5. Summary

Chapter 10. Synthesis and Characterization of Borides, Carbides, and Nitrides and Their Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Phenomena
• 3. Theoretical Concepts
• 4. Synthesis
• 5. Characterization Techniques
• 6. Properties
• 7. Applications
• 8. Conclusions

Chapter 11. High-Temperature Ceramics

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Classification of Ceramics
• 3. Chemical Bonding
• 4. Phase Transitions
• 5. Phase Diagram
• 6. Preparation and Processing
• 7. Characterization
• 8. Properties of Refractory Ceramics
• 9. Examples of High-Temperature Ceramics and Their Applications
• 10. Conclusions

Chapter 12. Cold Plasma Processing of Materials for Extreme Conditions

• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Role of Plasma in Chemical Vapor Deposition
• 3. Plasma Sources for Chemical Vapor Deposition Applications
• 4. Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
• 5. Conclusions

Chapter 13. Tailored Thermal Expansion Material for High-Temperature Applications

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Thermal Expansion of Materials: Some Fundamental Aspects
• 3. Experimental Techniques for Thermal Expansion Measurements
• 4. Correlation of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient With Other Physical Properties of Materials
• 5. Different Classes of Materials Based on Thermal Expansion Behaviors
• 6. Materials With Low or Negative Thermal Expansion Behavior
• 7. Tailoring of Thermal Expansion of Materials Based on Crystallographic Concepts
• 8. Thermal Expansion Behavior of Perovskite-Type Materials
• 9. Conclusion

Chapter 14. Materials Under Intense Laser Irradiation

• 1. High Energy Density State of Matter
• 2. X-Ray Emission from Laser-Produced Plasma
• 3. Particle Acceleration With Lasers
• 4. Shock Wave Propagation
• 5. Warm Dense Matter: an Exotic State
• 6. Applications

Chapter 15. Laser-Induced Vaporization–Mass Spectrometry Studies on Refractory Materials at Ultrahigh Temperatures

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Laser–Solid Interaction
• 3. Experimental Method
• 4. Results and Discussion
• 5. Conclusion

Chapter 16. Nanoclusters Under Extreme Ionization Conditions

• 1. Introduction to Clusters
• 2. Different Methods for Preparation of Clusters
• 3. Characterization of Cluster Source
• 4. Instrumentation
• 5. Clusters Under Extreme Ionization Conditions: Interaction With Lasers
• 6. Different Studies Related to Interaction of Laser With Clusters
• 7. Applications

Chapter 17. Materials Response Under Irradiation

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Irradiation – Processes Leading to Extreme Situations
• 3. Irradiation Using Different Incident Beams
• 4. Defect Dynamics in Materials Under Irradiation
• 5. Irradiation-Enhanced Diffusion
• 6. Irradiation-Induced Segregation
• 7. Radiation-Induced/Enhanced Phase Transformation
• 8. Influence of Radiation-induced Microstructure on Mechanical Properties
• 9. Multiscale Modeling to Predict Irradiation Behavior of Materials
• 10. Future Trends
• 11. Summary

Chapter 18. Radiation–Matter Interaction and Radiation-Tolerant Oxides

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Nuclear Fission
• 3. Typical Nuclear Reactors
• 4. Reactors and Radioactivity
• 5. Methods to Dispose Nuclear Waste and Material Requirements
• 6. Damage Caused by Radiation
• 7. The Rate/Duration of Radiation Damage
• 8. Methods to Evaluate Damage
• 9. Ion–Solid Interaction
• 10. Damage in Nuclear-Stopping Regime
• 11. Damage in Electronic-Stopping Regime: Track Formation
• 12. Models of Track Formation
• 13. Phase Transformations by SHI Irradiation
• 14. Ion Hammering and Texture Changes
• 15. Irradiation Effects in Some Representative Nuclear Materials
• 16. Conclusions

Chapter 19. Diamond-Based Radiation Detectors for Applications in Highly Corrosive Solutions and High-Radiation Fields

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Structure and Properties of Diamond
• 3. Diamond as a Host for Radiation Sensing
• 4. Laboratory Synthesis of Diamond
• 5. History of Diamond-Based Radiation Detectors
• 6. Performance of CVD Diamond α-Detectors
• 7. Factors Governing the Performance of CVD Diamond α-Detectors
• 8. Neutron Detection in Diamond
• 9. Challenges and Future Prospective in Diamond Radiation Detectors
• 10. Conclusions

Chapter 20. Severe Plastic Deformation of Materials

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theory and Phenomena of Severe Plastic Deformation
• 3. Methods to Impart Severe Plastic Deformation
• 4. Characterization and Properties
• 5. Applications
• 6. Summary

Chapter 21. Materials in a High Magnetic Field

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Generation of High Magnetic Fields
• 3. Response of Materials in a Magnetic Field
• 4. Superconductors in Magnetic Field
• 5. Magnetoelastic Materials With Current Technological Interest
• 6. Future Outlook

Chapter 22. Properties of Materials Under High Electric Field

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Interaction of Matter With Electric and Electromagnetic Field
• 3. Dielectric Materials for High-Speed Electronic Circuits
• 4. Dielectrics Under Extreme Potential (Dielectric Breakdown)
• 5. Case Studies on High and Low Dielectric Constant Materials
• 6. Summary and Conclusions