Materials Science and Engineering of Carbon

Chapter 1. Introduction

• 1.1. Carbon Materials
• 1.2. Characterization of Carbon Materials
• 1.3. Structure of the Present Book

Chapter 2. X-ray Powder Diffraction

• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. X-ray Diffraction Pattern of Carbon Materials
• 2.3. Parameters Determined by X-ray Diffraction
• 2.4. Instrumentation
• 2.5. Specifications for Measurement
• 2.6. Degree of Graphitization
• 2.7. Key Issues for Measurement
• 2.8. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 3. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Fundamentals
• 3.3. Key Issues for the Measurements
• 3.4. Applications for Carbon Materials
• 3.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 4. Transmission Electron Microscopy

• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Modes of Transmission Electron Microscopy
• 4.3. Key Issues for Observation
• 4.5. Applications for Carbon Materials
• 4.6. Conclusions

Chapter 5. Scanning Electron Microscopy

• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. Instrumentation and Resolving Power
• 5.3. Specimen Preparation
• 5.4. Observation With the Out-Lens Objective Lens System
• 5.5. Observation With the Snorkel Objective Lens System
• 5.6. Observation With the In-Lens System
• 5.7. Electron Channeling Effect
• 5.8. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 6. Image Analysis

• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Image Analysis Methods
• 6.3. Structure Analysis Through Transmission Electron Microscopy
• 6.4. Texture Analysis Through Scanning Electron Micrographs
• 6.5. Texture Analysis Through Optical Micrographs
• 6.6. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 7. Raman Spectroscopy

• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Fundamentals
• 7.3. Key Issues for the Measurements
• 7.4. As a Measure for Structure Characterization
• 7.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 8. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. Practical Side of Measurements
• 8.3. State Analysis
• 8.4. Semiquantitative Analysis
• 8.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 9. Magnetoresistance

• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. General Scheme of Δρ/ρ0 Change With Graphitization
• 9.3. Measurement of Magnetoresistance
• 9.4. Magnetoresistance Parameters for Coke
• 9.5. Magnetoresistance Parameters for Carbon Fibers and Extruded Coke
• 9.6. Magnetoresistance Parameters for Highly Crystallized Graphite Materials
• 9.7. Concluding Remarks
• Supplement: Background of the Characterization of Carbon Materials With Δρ/ρ0

Chapter 10. Electrochemical Performance

• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Fundamentals
• 10.3. Measurement Procedure
• 10.4. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 11. Gas Adsorption/Desorption Isotherm for Pore Structure Characterization

• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Fundamentals
• 11.3. Key Issues for the Measurements and Analyses
• 11.4. Application to Carbon Materials
• 11.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 12. Thermal Analysis

• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. Fundamentals in Thermal Analyses
• 12.3. Key Issues for the Measurements
• 12.4. Applications of TG and DTG for Carbon Materials
• 12.5. Applications of DTA and DSC for Carbon Materials
• 12.6. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 13. Titration Method for the Identification of Surface Functional Groups

• 13.1. Introduction
• 13.2. Basic Concept of Titration Method
• 13.3. Instrumentation
• 13.4. Specification for the Methodology
• 13.5. Analysis of the Titration Results
• 13.6. Key Points for the Titration Measurements
• 13.7. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 14. Temperature Programmed Desorption

• 14.1. Introduction
• 14.2. TPD Experimental Conditions and Apparatus
• 14.3. Assignment of TPD Peaks to Surface Functional Groups
• 14.4. Secondary Reactions During a TPD Run
• 14.5. Effect of Air Exposure on TPD Patterns
• 14.6. Effect of Inorganic Matter in Carbons
• 14.7. Concluding Remarks