Marine Hydrocarbon Spill Assessments

From Baseline Information through to Decision Support Tools

1st Edition - August 19, 2021
Editor: Oleg Makarynskyy
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 3 5 4 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 3 7 3 - 0

Marine Hydrocarbon Spill Assessments: From Risk of Spill through to Probabilities Estimates describes the methods used for estimating hydrocarbon spill risks and the potent… Read more

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Marine Hydrocarbon Spill Assessments: From Risk of Spill through to Probabilities Estimates describes the methods used for estimating hydrocarbon spill risks and the potential consequences. Throughout the book, mathematical methodologies and algorithms are included to aid the reader in the solving of applied tasks presented. Marine Hydrocarbon Spill Assessments: From Risk of Spill through to Probabilities Estimates provides a fundamental understanding of the oil properties and processes which determine the persistence and impacts of oils in the marine environment. It informs the reader of the current research in hydrocarbon spill assessments, starting from an assessment of a risk of a spill, and moving on to modelling approaches to impact assessments, laboratory toxicity assessments, field impact assessments and response options, and prevention and contingency planning.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Introduction
Chapter 1. Baseline data for spill assessments: ambient conditions, socioeconomic data, sensitivity maps
Abstract
1.1 Why and for what baseline data are needed?
1.2 Types and sources of baseline data
1.3 Building a baseline
1.4 What can we do to improve baselines
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 2. A brief survey of oil spill weathering models
Abstract
2.1 Introduction what to expect from this chapter
2.2 Characterizing oil—enter the Tower of Babel
2.3 Bulk oil properties—considering the forest rather than individual tree
2.4 Oil weathering estimation—the two (or maybe three) philosophical schools
2.5 Weathering processes—those that do not alter the spill’s chemical mixture
2.6 Weathering processes—those that do alter the chemical mixture
2.7 Discussion and caveat
2.8 Notation (bracket shows frequently used units for dimensional terms)
References
Chapter 3. Horizontal transport in oil-spill modeling
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The physics, the mathematics, and the numerics
3.3 Overview of oil transport in the ocean
3.4 Transport in the upper layer of the ocean
3.5 Modern Lagrangian tools
3.6 Conclusion and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix A: Automated oil-spill simulations
Chapter 4. Vertical mixing in oil spill modeling
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Vertical mixing in the ocean
4.3 Entrainment of surface oil
4.4 Submerged oil
4.5 Eulerian model of vertical mixing
4.6 Lagrangian modeling of vertical mixing
4.7 Some examples and pitfalls
4.8 Example cases
4.9 Advanced topics and further reading
4.10 Summary
References
Appendix A: Equivalence between Eulerian and Lagrangian pictures
Chapter 5. Operational oil spill modelling assessments
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Convection, diffusion, and beaching
5.3 Weathering processes
5.4 Biodegradation
5.5 Modeling of oil spills below the sea surface
5.6 Oil spill prediction in areas with ice
5.7 Good practice for operational implementation of oil spill models
5.8 Conclusions
References
Appendix A: Biodegradation for dissolved oil and oil droplets dispersed in the water column
Chapter 6. Assessment of oil toxicity in water
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Crude oil properties in water
6.3 Approaches for characterizing oil toxicity
6.4 Preparation of exposure solutions
6.5 Characterization of exposure
6.6 Bioavailability of oil components
6.7 Selection of toxicity endpoints
6.8 Method to generate parameterized toxicity data for input to risk assessment models
6.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Chemical assessments of sources, fate, and impacts of marine oil spills
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Spill source assessment
7.3 Assessment of environmental fate
7.4 Assessments of oil spills impacts
7.5 Conclusions and recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8. Spill impact and response analyses
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Impact, risk, and response analysis—theory and practice
8.3 Response analysis
8.4 Applications
8.5 Future work and knowledge gaps
8.6 Acknowledgment and disclaimer
References
Chapter 9. Decision support tools for managing marine hydrocarbon spills in island environments
Abstract
9.1 Why marine hydrocarbon spills are a problem?
9.2 Response times
9.3 Spreading of spilled oil
9.4 Evaporation of crude oil and derivatives
9.5 Containment by barriers, fences, and interceptors
9.6 Recovery by skimmers
9.7 Treatment of hydrocarbons with adsorbent materials
9.8 Treatment of crude oil by dispersants
9.9 Elimination of crude oil by bacterial degradation
9.10 Filmogens
9.11 Incineration of spills
9.12 Tarred balls
9.13 Toxicity of crude oil, dispersants, and of the mixture
9.14 Slick trajectory models and their operational applications
9.15 GNOME model
9.16 Integrated management of coastal areas after a spill
References
Further reading
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Marine Hydrocarbon Spill Assessments

From Baseline Information through to Decision Support Tools

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Oleg Makarynskyy