Management of Infertility

A Practical Approach

1st Edition - September 22, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Antonio Simone Laganà, Antonino Guglielmino
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 9 0 7 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 9 1 5 - 4

Management of Infertility: A Practical Approach offers an accurate and complete reference for the management of infertility and a robust step-by-step guide for assisted reprod… Read more

Purchase options

BLOOM INTO SPRING SAVINGS

Save up to 25% on books and eBooks!

Shop now

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Request a sales quote

Management of Infertility: A Practical Approach offers an accurate and complete reference for the management of infertility and a robust step-by-step guide for assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs), including how to plan, design and organize a clinical setting and laboratory. The book also provides an evidence-based, complete and practical description of the available methods for diagnosis and management of male and female infertility. This will be an ideal resource for researchers, students and clinicians who want to gain complete knowledge about both basic and advanced information surrounding the diagnosis and management of infertility and related disorders.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. History and epidemiology of human fertility
Fertility in the ancient world
Fertility in the post-Renaissance era
Fertility in modern times
The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
The gonadotrophins
Gonadal steroids
Immuno-assays and the female hormonal interplay
Other milestones in the history of fertility
The IVF revolution
Further developments in assisted reproduction
The story of ICSI
Embryo selection, fertility preservation, and the future
Epidemiology of human fertility
Normal fertility patterns and the definition of infertility
Prevalence of infertility
Seeking infertility treatment
Factors affecting the success of infertility treatment
Burden of infertility
Access to infertility services
Chapter 2. Setting up an ART unit: planning, design, and organization
Planning
Design and building
Materials
Installations
Ergonomics and flows
Chapter 3. Building the assisted reproduction laboratory
Introduction
Purposes of the lab
Location
Laboratory
Andrology laboratory
Liquid nitrogen containers storage room
Gas cylinders central and management
General material storage
The building structure
Air flow
Furniture
Equipment
Safety
Personal experience
Concluding remarks
Chapter 4. Workup of female infertility
Introduction
Conclusion
Chapter 5. Work-up of male infertility
Epidemiology
Etiology and risk factors
Diagnostic work-up
Patient's history
Medical history
Lifestyle factors
Surgical history
Family history
Sexual history
Physical examination
Semen analysis
Measurement of sperm DNA fragmentation index
Hormonal evaluation
Genetic testing
Chromosomal abnormalities
Autosomal abnormalities
Cystic fibrosis gene mutations
Y microdeletions
Measurement of oxidative stress
Imaging
Transrectal US
Other
Summary
Chapter 6. Prothrombotic gene polymorphisms and adverse reproductive outcomes in assisted reproductive technology
Physiology of coagulation
Coagulation factors' gene mutations
Blood coagulation in pregnancy
Prothrombotic hereditary coagulopathies and recurrent pregnancy loss
ART procedures in current practice
Prothrombotic gene polymorphisms and adverse reproductive outcomes in ART
Preconceptional and prenatal diagnostic approach
Possible management options
Conclusions
Chapter 7. Endocrinological causes of female infertility
Introduction
Anovulation
Ovarian aging
Ovarian reserve
Primary ovarian insufficiency
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis pathology
Therapeutical intervention
Preventing complications
Final considerations
Chapter 8. Management of tubal factor
Tubal infertility
Tubal lesions
What are the subtle tubal lesions?
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Cervical and uterine congenital anomalies
Introduction
Embryology: the origin of anomalies
Pathogenesis
Etiology
Prevalence
Other associated anomalies
Clinical presentation
Classification
Diagnosis
Uterine abnormalities
Control after hysteroscopic surgery
Recommendations and conclusions
Chapter 10. Uterine fibroids and infertility
Introduction and definition
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Management
Recommendation
Conclusion
Chapter 11. Endometriosis and infertility
Pathophysiology
Fertility preservation in women with endometriosis
Chapter 12. Endocrinological causes of male infertility
Introduction
Hormonal actions on spermatogenesis
Hormonal regulations of spermatogenesis
Endocrine conditions associated with male infertility
Evaluation of an infertile man from an endocrinological point of view
Therapies
The protocol of hormonal treatment of infertile men
Chapter 13. Sperm DNA fragmentation: impact on ART outcome
Introduction
Measuring SDF within the context of ART
The impact of SDF on IUI
The impact of SDF on IVF and ICSI
Approaches to reduce SDF in ART
Future directions
Summary of key points
Chapter 14. Male accessory gland infection: diagnosis and treatment
Definition and classification
Impact on fertility: explanatory mechanisms
Diagnosis
Therapeutic strategies
Conclusion
Chapter 15. Hormonal and nonhormonal treatment of male infertility
Etiology of male infertility
Pathophysiology of spermatogenesis
Principles of management
Chapter 16. Surgical management of male infertility and sperm retrieval
Surgical management of conditions related to male infertility
Sperm retrieval in azoospermic men
Chapter 17. How to choose the appropriate ART technique and counseling about reproductive outcomes
Chapter 18. Preparing the couple for ART: necessary and unnecessary diagnostic tests
Introduction
Tests to be performed by both partners
Tests to be performed by the woman
Tests to be performed by the man
Chapter 19. Ovulation induction protocols
Introduction
Indications
Pre-IUI tests
Performing intrauterine insemination
Prognostic factors of IUI
Conclusion
Chapter 20. Ovarian stimulation protocols
Introduction
Chapter 21. Oocyte retrieval
Introduction
Setting and equipment
Preparation of the patient for oocyte retrieval
On the day of oocyte retrieval
Technique
Anesthesia during oocyte retrieval
Oocyte recovery
After the oocyte retrieval
Complications
Chapter 22. Oocyte quality evaluation and cryopreservation
Human oocyte quality evaluation
Metaphase II (MII) oocyte dysmorphisms
Factors affecting oocyte quality
Oocyte cryopreservation
Conclusion
Chapter 23. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Classifications
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Clinical assessment
Prevention
Treatment
Conclusions
Chapter 24. Sperm quality evaluation and cryopreservation
Sperm quality evaluation
Cryopreservation of spermatozoa
Chapter 25. In vitro fertilization and embryo culture in time-lapse imaging
Introducing time-lapse devices
Embryo selection using time lapse
Anticipating the future
Summary
Chapter 26. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Background
Indications
Popularity
Results
ICSI for difficult cases
Considerations and future perspective
Chapter 27. Embryo transfer
Introduction
Learning curves
Biofluidic dynamics of embryo transfer
The role of the catheter and loading embryos
Preparation of the uterus for transfer
Mock transfer and transvaginal ultrasound for the measurement of the endometrial cavity length and position
Is the ultrasound support effective?
Placement of embryos in the uterine cavity
Conclusions
Chapter 28. Luteal phase support
Introduction
Physiology of the luteal phase
Pharmacodynamics and types of presentation of progesterone
Routes of administration
LPS in assisted reproductive treatments
Disorders of endometrial receptivity and Personalized Embryo Transfer
Conclusions
Chapter 29. Preimplantation genetic testing
Principle and history of preimplantation genetic testing
Protocol of PGT
Results and efficacy of PGT
Conclusions and the future of PGT
Chapter 30. Embryo quality evaluation and cryopreservation
Embryo quality evaluation
Cryopreservation
Chapter 31. Frozen embryo transfer
Introduction
Background
Maternal and obstetric outcomes of FET
Conclusions
Chapter 32. Egg and sperm donation
Introduction
Indications for egg donation
Indications for sperm donation
Legal aspects
Organizing a gamete donation program
Donors
Recipients
Results
Egg bank
Chapter 33. Recurrent miscarriage
Introduction
Etiologies
Parental chromosomal anomalies
Conclusion
Chapter 34. Repeated implantation failure
Introduction
Definitions
Causes
Diagnostic work-up
Interventions
Conclusion
Chapter 35. Gestational carrier
Introduction
Indications for surrogacy
Selection process and criteria of gestational carrier
Counseling and legal requirements
Synchronization of cycle
Obstetric care of surrogate
Risks associated with surrogacy
Ethical, religious, and financial concerns about the surrogacy procedure
Psychological impact with surrogacy
Conclusion
Chapter 36. Female and male fertility preservation in oncology
Introduction
Multidisciplinary fertility sparing team
Counseling and psychological support
Eligibility for fertility sparing
Cancer treatments that affect female fertility
Cancer treatments that affect male fertility
Techniques for fertility preservation of female patients
Techniques for fertility preservation in males
Techniques for fertility preservation in pediatric patients
Pregnancy after fertility preservation in cancer survivors
Chapter 37. Psychological impact of infertility and ART procedures
Introduction
The psychosocial impact of infertility
Psychosocial impact during treatment
Ending fertility treatment
Recommendations for clinicians
Research limitations
Conclusion
Chapter 38. Risk, safety, and outcome monitoring in the IVF clinic
Introduction
Monitoring of risk, safety, and outcome in ovarian stimulation
Monitoring of risk, safety, and outcome in oocyte retrieval
Monitoring of risk, safety, and outcome for semen collection and preparation
Monitoring of risk, safety, and outcome in laboratory
Monitoring of risk, safety, and outcome for the entire IVF process
Long-term outcomes for progeny and women
Chapter 39. Regulation, data management, informed consent, and legal issues for ART
Introduction
ART regulation
Quality and data management
Informed consent
Chapter 40. Impact of COVID-19 on ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies)
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 and reproductive system
Index

Antonio Simone Laganà

Antonio Simone Laganà is Deputy of the Special Interest Group for Endometriosis & Endometrial Disorders (SIGEED) of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and Ambassador of the World Endometriosis Society (WES). He was trained in obstetric/gynecological ultrasound at the Altamedica Main Centre in Rome (Italy), got the Master in “Gynecological Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery” at the University of Pisa (Italy), the Ph.D. in “Medical and Surgical Biotechnologies” at the University of Messina (Italy), and developed an intensive training in minimally invasive gynecological surgery (high-volume advanced laparoscopy, hysteroscopy) at the Univerzitetni Klinični Center Ljubljana (Slovenia), during the Subspecialist Training Programme (Fellowship) in Reproductive Medicine (according to the criteria of the European Society of Human Reproduction, ESHRE, and Embryology and European Board & College of Gynecology and Obstetrics, EBCOG). His research interests include endometriosis, reproductive immunology, infertility, gynaecological endocrinology, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy. He is the author of more than 300 papers published in PubMed-indexed international peer-reviewed journals, and his presence is often requested as an invited speaker at international congresses. He is currently an editor of high-impact journals, including Scientific Reports, PLOS One, Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Journal of Ovarian Research, Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, and many others. He is habilitated as Associate Professor in Italy for Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Affiliations and expertise

Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS "Civico – Di Cristina – Benfratelli", Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Antonino Guglielmino

Antonino Guglielmino is President of the Italian Society of Human Reproduction and National Representative of Italy within the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. He is specialized in Gynecology and Obstetrics, holds a post-graduate diploma in clinical sexology from the International Institute of Sexology in Florence, a certificate of Bio-ethical Medicine from the Institute of Bio-ethics in Vatican City, and a Master's in Biology and Reproductive Medicine at University of Padua.

Affiliations and expertise

Director, HERA Fertlity Center, Catania, Italy

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health