Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19

1st Edition - June 28, 2024
Editors: Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, Vinood Patel, Colin R Martin
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 0 3 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 0 4 - 9

Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19 describes the assessment and treatment of patients infected with the novel coronavirus that causes the varied symptoms of COV… Read more

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Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19 describes the assessment and treatment of patients infected with the novel coronavirus that causes the varied symptoms of COVID-19. Detailing this multisystem disease and the organs and tissues affected, this volume features chapters on several body systems. Conditions affecting the respiratory, hematological, hepatobiliary, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems are addressed. The fundamental role of telemedicine during the pandemic is also discussed. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.

Preface

Section A: Introductory chapters and setting the scene

1. Hand hygiene strategies
Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, Clara-Amanda Ureña-Paniego, Alberto Soto-Moreno, Alejandro Molina-Leyva, and Salvador Arias-Santiago

2. Approved vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic: Linking in future perspectives
Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca, Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel, Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha, Milena Botelho Pereira Soares, and Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado

3. Molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 variant detection
Marco Fabiani, Katia Margiotti, Francesca Monaco, Alvaro Mesoraca, and Claudio Giorlandino

Section B: Management

4. Systematic patient assessment for acute respiratory tract ailments (SPARTA): A simple tool to improve outcomes from COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram, Naveed Mahmood, Mohammad Ayaz Khan, and Hamdan Al-Jahdali

5. Point of care ultrasound for coronavirus disease 2019: The multiorgan approach to COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram

6. COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: Features and guidelines
Carlos Taxonera and Olga Neva López-García

7. Management of COVID-19 and clinical nutrition
Manola Peverini and Giacomo Barberini

8. The management of head and neck cancer in COVID-19
Jesús Herranz-Larrañeta, Pablo Parente-Arias, Carlos Chiesa-Estomba, and
Miguel Mayo-Yáñez

9. The COVID-19 pandemic: Inventory management and allocation of personal protective
equipment
Tazim Merchant and Mark Sheldon

10. Clinical management in the COVID-19 pandemic: Rheumatic disease
Abdulvahap Kahveci and Şebnem Ataman

11. Managing migraines during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Italian experience
Licia Grazzi, Danilo Antonio Montisano, and Paul Rizzoli

12. Managing acute ischemic stroke in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Adele S. Budiansky, Wesley Rajaleelan, and Tumul Chowdhury

13. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on patients with hypertension
Kazuo Kobayashi and Kouichi Tamura

14. Neurosurgical trauma management during COVID-19 restrictions
James Zhou, Michael Zhang, and Harminder Singh

15. The COVID-19 pandemic and management of weight gain: Implications for obesity
Sarah R. Barenbaum and Alpana P. Shukla

16. COVID-19 and the management of heart failure using telemedicine
Maria Margarida Andrade, Diogo Cruz, and Marta Afonso Nogueira

Section C: Guidelines for different treatment clinics

17. Guidelines for breast imaging in the COVID-19 pandemic
Daniele Ugo Tari

18. Vaccine-induced (immune) thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnosis, guidelines,
and reporting
Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Leonardo Pasalic, and Giuseppe Lippi

19. Lung cancer in the era of COVID-19
Shehab Mohamed, Monica Casiraghi, Lorenzo Spaggiari, and Luca Bertolaccini

20. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem
syndrome: Clinical guidelines
Arthur J. Chang, Ramesh Kordi, and Mark D. Hicar

Section D: Impact on the respiratory system

21. Ground-glass nodules in the lungs of COVID-19 patients
Noel Roig-Marín

22. Cardiothoracic imaging in patients affected by COVID-19
Tommaso D’Angelo, Ludovica R.M. Lanzafame, M. Ludovica Carerj, Antonino Micari, Silvio Mazziotti, and Christian Booz

23. Cystic fibrosis and bronchial epithelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Anna Lagni, Erica Diani, Davide Gibellini, and Virginia Lotti

24. Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the lung parenchyma following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Béla Suki, András Lorx, and Erzsébet Bartolák-Suki

25. Long noncoding RNA profiling in respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients
Marta Molinero, Carlos Rodríguez-Muñoz, Silvia Gómez, Ángel Estella, Ferran Barbé, and David de Gonzalo-Calvo

26. COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism
Marco Zuin and Gianluca Rigatelli

27. The usefulness of the alveolar-arteriolar gradient during the COVID-19 pandemic
Giuseppe Pipitone, Miriam De Michele, Massimo Sartelli, Francesco Onorato, Claudia Imburgia, Antonio Cascio, and Chiara Iaria

Section E: Effects on cardiovascular and hematological systems

28. Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19: An overview
Naveed Rahman, Mirza H. Ali, Aanchal Sawhney, Apurva Vyas, and Rahul Gupta

29. Limb ischemia and COVID-19
Raffaello Bellosta, Sara Allievi, Luca Attisani, Luca Luzzani, and Matteo Alberto Pegorer

30. Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19: A new narrative
Alejandro Lazo-Langner and Mateo Porres-Aguilar

31. COVID-19 myocarditis: Features of echocardiography
Antonello D’Andrea, Dario Fabiani, Francesco Sabatella, Carmen Del Giudice, Luigi Cante, Adriano Caputo, Stefano Palermi, Francesco Giallauria, and Vincenzo Russo

32. COVID-19 lockdown and impact on arrhythmias
Valentino Ducceschi and Giovanni Domenico Ciriello

33. Cardiometabolic disease and COVID-19: A new narrative
Mohamad B. Taha, Bharat Narasimhan, Eleonora Avenatti, Aayush Shah, and Wilbert S. Aronow

34. Postrecovery COVID-19 and interlinking diabetes and cardiovascular events
Giuseppe Seghieri

35. COVID-19 patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Mario Castano, Pasquale Maiorano, Laura Castillo, Gregorio Laguna, Guillermo Muniz-Albaiceta, Victor Sagredo, Elio Marin-Gutierrez, and Javier Gualis

36. Sars-CoV-2 infection in different hematological patients
Saša Anžej Doma

Section F: Effects on body systems

37. Dermatological reactions associated with personal protective equipment use during
the COVID-19 pandemic
Nicholas Herzer, Fletcher G. Young, Chrystie Nguyen, Aniruddha Singh, and Doug McElroy

38. Hemodialysis patients, effects of infections by SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine response
Diana Rodríguez-Espinosa, Elena Cuadrado-Payán, and José Jesús Broseta

39. Coinfections with COVID-19: A focus on tuberculosis (TB)
Chijioke Obiwe Onyeani, Dimo Chisom Precious, Emmanuel Ebuka Elebesunu, Malachy Ekene Ezema, Samuel Ogunsola, and Ademola Aiyenuro

40. Patients with autoimmune liver disease and the impact of Sars-COV-2 infection
Annarosa Floreani, Sara De Martin, and Nora Cazzagon

41. COVID-19 severity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Nina Vrsaljko, Branimir Gjurašin, and Neven Papić

42. Changes in obesity and diabetes severity during the COVID-19 pandemic at Virginia
Commonwealth University health system
Asmaa M. Namoos, Vanessa Sheppard, NourEldin Abosamak, Martin Lavallee, Rana Ramadan, Estelle Eyob, Chen Wang, and Tamas S. Gal

43. The diabetic patient and concomitant conditions rhinoorbital-cerebral mucormycosis
and COVID-19
Caglar Eker

44. Tissue location of SARS-CoV-2 RNA: A focus on bone and implications for skeletal health
Edoardo Guazzoni, Luigi di Filippo, Alberto Castelli, Andrea Giustina, and Federico Grassi

45. Linking between gastrointestinal tract effects of COVID-19 and tryptophan metabolism
Yoshihiro Yokoyama and Hiroshi Nakase

46. Organ damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A focus on acute kidney injury
Girish Chandra Bhatt, Yogendra Singh Yadav, and Tanya Sharma

47. Obesity, COVID-19 severity, and mortality
Riecha Joshi, Aarushi Sudan, Akshat Banga, Rahul Kashyap, and Vikas Bansal

48. Upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms and manifestations of COVID-19
Brittany Woods, Priyal Mehta, Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar, Rahul Kashyap, and Vikas Bansal

49. The COVID-19 survivors: Impact on skeletal muscle strength
Renata Gonçalves Mendes, Alessandro Domingues Heubel, Naiara Tais Leonardi, Stephanie Nogueira Linares, Vanessa Teixeira do Amaral, and Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac

Section G: Case studies with mini review

50. A case report: COVID-19 meningoencephalitis and intracranial hemorrhage
Mohammad Alolama, Anas Rashid, and Debora Garozzo

51. Case study: Oral mucosal lesions in patients with COVID-19
Juliana Amorim dos Santos, Rainier Luiz Carvalho da Silva, and Eliete Neves Silva Guerra

52. Case study: COVID-19 pneumonia presented with cavitary lesions
Bahadır M. Berktaş

53. Case study: Optic neuritis in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Md Moshiur Rahman

Section H: Resources

54. Recommended resources relevant to the body systems involvement
and management of COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram, Daniel Gyamfi, Vinood B. Patel, and Victor R. Preedy

Rajkumar Rajendram

Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.

Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.

Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.

Affiliations and expertise

Consultant in Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Victor R Preedy

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK

Vinood Patel

Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King’s College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Reader, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, London, UK

Colin R Martin

Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK