Macrophomina Phaseolina

Ecobiology, Pathology and Management

1st Edition - June 8, 2023
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Pankaj Kumar, Ramesh Chandra Dubey
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 4 4 3 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 4 4 4 - 7

Macrophomina Phaseolina: Ecobiology, Pathology and Management provides insights into the sustainable prevention and treatment of this wide-spread challenge to plant health. W… Read more

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Macrophomina Phaseolina: Ecobiology, Pathology and Management provides insights into the sustainable prevention and treatment of this wide-spread challenge to plant health. With a focus on agricultural as well as non-food plant challenges, the book highlights diverse approaches and provides central insights. The pathogen of M. phaseolina affects the fibrovascular system of roots and basal internodes of its host, impeding the transport of water and nutrients to the upper parts of the plant, thus resulting in progressive wilting, premature drying and dying, loss of vigor, and reduced yield.

Finally, the book explores the interaction of M. phaseolina with soil, microbes and ecological conditions to control disease-causing strategies. Recognizing the necessity that strategies applied to manage the disease should have no or minimum effect on ecological resources, the book focuses on alternative sustainable management technologies such as mix-cropping, the use of antagonistic bacteria and fungi and microbial biosurfactants, plant growth promoting antagonistic rhizobacteria and how cultural practices may also play an important role.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the authors
Preface
Section I. The pathogen and disease
Chapter 1. Taxonomy of Macrophomina—traditional to molecular approaches
1.1. Introduction
1.2. History of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid
1.3. Molecular taxonomy of Macrophomina species
1.4. Host range and distribution of Macrophomina species
1.5. Intraspecific genetic diversity and pathogenic variability
1.6. Conclusions
Chapter 2. Morphological and physiological characterization of Macrophomina isolates from Senegal
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Bio-ecology
2.3. Damage and economic importance of Macrophomina
2.4. Disease cycle
2.5. Characteristic of the isolates
2.6. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Macrophomina phaseolina causing various diseases in different crops
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Morphological characterization
3.3. Pathogenicity of M. phaseolina
3.4. Diseases caused by M. phaseolina
3.5. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Charcoal rot: a major root and stalk disease of sorghum
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Symptoms and signs
4.3. Pathogen biology
4.4. Infection process, disease cycle, and epidemiology
4.5. Disease control
4.6. Conclusions
Chapter 5. Recent advancement in management of soybean charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina
5.1. Introduction
5.2. General information on soybean charcoal rot disease
5.3. Screening for charcoal rot resistance
5.4. Management of soybean charcoal rot
5.5. Diagnosis of soybean charcoal rot and utilization in resistance identification
5.6. Host–pathogen interaction
5.7. Conclusions
Chapter 6. Management of nematode-charcoal rot disease complexes in legumes
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Disease complexes of legumes
6.3. Management of disease complexes
6.4. Conclusions
Chapter 7. Epidemiology and management of charcoal rot of maize caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Symptoms
7.3. Economic importance
7.4. The pathogen
7.5. Host range
7.6. Epidemiology
7.7. Disease cycle
7.8. Phytopathometry
7.9. Disease management
7.10. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Spatial distribution of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. in the Carpathian Basin and its damage on sunflowers
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Materials and methods
8.3. Results
8.4. Conclusion
Section II. Resistance and pathogenicity
Chapter 9. Candidate genes of Macrophomina phaseolina involved in the pathogenicity
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Morphology characterization and life cycle of M. Phaseolina
9.3. Crops and M. phaseolina interaction for disease development
9.4. M. Phaseolina enzymes and their role in pathogenicity
9.5. Molecular techniques to identify the pathogen specific genes
9.6. M. phaseolina genes and their role in pathogenicity
9.7. Conclusion
Chapter 10. Mechanism of disease development in host plants by Macrophomina phaseolina
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Survival of M. phaseolina
10.3. Genetic diversity of M. phaseolina
10.4. Microbial interactions in rhizosphere
10.5. Pathogenesis by M. phaseolina
10.6. Role of cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) of M. phaseolina in pathogenesis
10.7. Role of toxins in pathogenesis by M. phaseolina
10.8. Macrophomina—host plants interaction
10.9. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Molecular tools for detection and management of Macrophomina phaseolina
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Symptomatology
11.3. Causal organism
11.4. Disease cycle
11.5. Molecular identification of the pathogen
11.6. Internal transcribed spacer
11.7. PCR-finger printing techniques
11.8. Genetic diversity
11.9. SSR markers
11.10. RFLP
11.11. Genome sequencing
11.12. Metagenomics
11.13. Fluorescence in situ hybridization
11.14. Target sequences used for diagnostic assay development
11.15. Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 12. Genetics of plant resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Pathogen background
12.3. Disease cycle
12.4. Symptomatology
12.5. Pathogenic and genetic variability
12.6. Genetic resistance
12.7. Management strategies
12.8. Conclusion
Section III. Ecology and epidemiology
Chapter 13. Ecological niche modeling of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. using bio-climatic and non-bio-climatic variables: a machine learning assessment
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Material and methods
13.3. Data processing
13.4. Post maxent analysis
13.5. Result and discussion
13.6. Conclusion
Chapter 14. Survival of Macrophomina phaseolina in plant tissues and soil
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Survival structures
14.3. Phases of survival
14.4. Survival of sclerotia
14.5. Factor affecting survival
14.6. Conclusion
Chapter 15. Development of tolerance by Macrophomina phaseolina against fungicide, insecticide, and drought
15.1. Introduction
15.2. General characteristics of M. phaseolina and pathogenicity mechanisms
15.3. Pathogenic interactions between M. phaseolin and other phyllosphere microorganisms
15.4. Symptoms of infection by M. phaseolina on different host plants
15.5. Development of tolerance by M. phaseolina against fungicide
15.6. Development of tolerance by M. phaseolina against insecticide
15.7. Development of tolerance by M. phaseolina against drought
15.8. Conclusion
Chapter 16. Management of Macrophomina phaseolina by cultural practices
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Morphological characteristics
16.3. Disease cycle
16.4. Host plant
16.5. Symptoms
16.6. Management
16.7. Cultural practices
16.8. Case study
16.9. Conclusion
Section IV. Biological control
Chapter 17. Biocontrol of charcoal rot by soil microorganisms
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Economic significance
17.3. Disease cycle
17.4. Pathogenesis of M. Phaseolina
17.5. Symptoms
17.6. Charcoal rot management
17.7. Biological control
17.8. Conclusion
Chapter 18. Trichoderma spp.: A bio-agent for sustainable management of Macrophomina phaseolina
18.1. Introduction
18.2. General characteristics of Macrophomina phaseolina
18.3. Morphological characteristics of M. phaseolina
18.4. Life cycle of M. phaseolina
18.5. Distribution of M. phaseolina
18.6. Pathogenesis of M. phaseolina
18.7. Management of M. phaseolina
18.8. General and morphological characteristics of Trichoderma spp.
18.9. Trichoderma spp. as an effective bio-agent
18.10. Mechanism of Trichoderma spp. against M. phaseolina
18.11. Bulk production of Trichoderma spp. for field application
18.12. Trichoderma spp. produce biopesticide compound
18.13. Conclusions
Chapter 19. Integrated pest management of the disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Mechanism of action of IPM
19.3. Success and failure of IPM
19.4. Difficulties arising in IPM
19.5. Control measures
19.6. Integrated pest management for control of M. phaseolina
19.7. Economic aspects of IPM
19.8. Conclusion
Section V. Nonchemical control
Chapter 20. Management of charcoal rot by soil solarization and biosolarization
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Principle of solarization
20.3. Solarization and bio solarization
20.4. Disease cycle
20.5. Mechanism of soil solarization
20.6. The process of thermal death
20.7. Encouragement of beneficial soil organisms
20.8. Beneficial effects of solarization
20.9. Bio-solarization
20.10. Principle
20.11. Applications of bio-solarization
20.12. Limitations
20.13. Conclusion
Chapter 21. Biosurfactant producing plant growth–promoting bacteria: eco-friendly approaches for charcoal rot management
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Classification
21.3. Properties
21.4. Role of microbes
21.5. Future perspectives and conclusions
Chapter 22. Management of Macrophomina phaseolina using nanoparticles
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Synthesis of nanoparticles
22.3. Application of nanoparticles
22.4. Nanoparticles as potential antifungal agent against M. phaseolina
22.5. Mechanism of action
22.6. Conclusion and future aspects
Section VI. Bio-management
Chapter 23. Biomanagement of Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of plants
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Disease cycle
23.3. Symptoms
23.4. Yield loss
23.5. Management of M. phaseolina
23.6. Biomanagement of M. phaseolina
23.7. Conclusion
Chapter 24. Economic aspects for eco-friendly strategies to minimize disease incidences and yield loss due to Macrophomina phaseolina
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Use of chemical fungicides
24.3. Eco-friendly approaches for disease management of M. Phaseolina
24.4. Agronomic practices
24.5. Organic amendments
24.6. Selection of resistant varieties
24.7. Use of botanicals
24.8. Immune responses triggered by elicitors
24.9. Use of biological antagonists
24.10. Integrated approach
24.11. Challenges
24.12. Conclusions
Index

Pankaj Kumar

Dr. Pankaj Kumar completed his master’s and doctorate degrees at the Gurukula Kangri Vishawavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand (India). He has more than ten years of teaching and research experience. His research interest and expertise include the areas of rhizosphere microbiology, bacterial characterization and biofertilizers. He has published several research papers in national and international journals. He is also a co-editor of the book Rhizosphere Engineering (Elsever, 2022) with Prof. R. C. Dubey. He is also coauthor of An Objective Compendium on Food Science (Brillion publishing, 2022). He is life members of Association of Microbiology of India (AMI), New Delhi and Indian Science Congress, Kolkata, West Bengal and serving as reviewers and editorial board members of national and international journals. Currently, Dr. Pankaj is affiliated with the Department of Microbiology at the Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Ramesh Chandra Dubey

Dr. Ramesh Chandra Dubeyis a Professor, Dean- Research and Dean- Faculty of Medical Science and Health, and also has been the former Head of the Department of Botany and Microbiology at GurukulaKangriVishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. He obtained his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the internationally renowned Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. He has more than 35 years of teaching and research experienceson teaching and research in the field of Agricultural Microbiology. He has published over 190 research papers in national and international scientific journals. His Google Citation Index is above 5068 till date. He has authored 7 books and co-edited 10 books o nvaried aspects, such as soil and agriculture, microbiology, Industrial microbiology,and biotechnology. In 2022, Dr.Dubey published a unique book entitled as Vedic Microbiology with ‎Motilal Banarsidas International, New Delhi (India).

Dr. Dubey is a Life Member and Fellow of the Indian Botanical Society, Indian Phytopathological Society and the International Society for Conservation of Natural Resources. He has also previously served as the Councilor of the Indian Botanical Society for 3 years (2011-2013) and Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) for 6 years (2015-2021).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health