Macrolide Antibiotics

Contributors

Preface


1. Discovery of New Macrolides

I. Introduction

II. Macrolides from Actinomycetes

III. Macrolides from Bacteria Including Myxobacteria

IV. Macrolides from Fungi

V. Macrolides from Plants and Lichens

VI. Macrolides from Insects

VII. Other Macrolides

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References


2. Discovery of New Macrolides from Marine Organisms

I. Introduction

II. Macrocyclic Lactones of Marine Organism Origin

III. Concluding Remarks

References


3. Chemical Modification of Macrolides

I. Introduction

II. Fourteen-Membered Macrolides

III. Sixteen-Membered Macrolide Antibiotics and the Avermectin Family

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


4. Total Synthesis of Macrolides

I. Introduction

II. Synthetic Strategy for Macrolide Synthesis

III. Total Synthesis of Selected Macrolides

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


5. Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Genetics of Macrolide Production

I. Introduction

II. Reaction Mechanism of Polyketide Biosynthesis

III. Polyketide Synthase

IV. Genes Encoding Modular Polyketide Synthase

V. Sugar Biosynthesis

VI. Genetic Manipulation of PKS Genes

References


6. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Macrolides

I. Introduction

II. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism

III. Drug Interaction

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


7. Antimicrobial Macrolides in Clinical Practice

I. Introduction

II. Fourteen- and Fifteen-Membered Macrolides

III. Sixteen-Membered Macrolides

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


8. Ivermectin in Clinical Practice

I. Introduction

II. Novel Activity of Ivermectin in Clinical Practice

III. Concluding Remarks

References


9. Tacrolimus and Other Immunosuppressive Macrolides in Clinical Practice

I. Introduction

II. Tacrolimus, a Brief Developmental History

III. Novel Activity of Tacrolimus and Other Immunosuppressive Macrolides in Clinical Practice

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


10. Mode of Action and Resistance Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Macrolides

I. Introduction

II. Mode of Action of Macrolide Antibiotics

III. Mechanisms of Resistance to Antimicrobial Macrolides

IV. Important Developments in Macrolide Antibiotics

V. Concluding Remarks

VI. Addendum

References


11. Mode of Action of Macrolides with Motilin Agonistic Activity--Motilides

I. Introduction

II. Mode of Action of Motilin

III. Invention of Motilides

IV. BiologicalActivity of Motilides

V. Clinical Trials of Motilides

VI. Concluding Remarks

References


12. Novel Activity of Erythromycin and Its Derivatives

I. Erythromycin Treatment in Diffuse Panbronchiolitis

II. Inhibition of Chloride Channel

III. Effects of Macrolides on Cytokine/Chemokine Expression

IV. Modulation of Bacterial Function

V. New Challenge for Novel Action

References


13. Mode of Action of Avermectin

I. Introduction

II. Target of Avermectin Action

III. Cloning and Structure of Avermectin Binding Protein

IV. Concluding Remarks

References


14. Mode of Action of FK506 and Rapamycin

I. Introduction

II. Initial Cellular Target for FK506 and Rapamycin; Peptidyl Prolylcis-trans Isomerases (Rotamases, Immunophilins)

III. Target of FK506-FKBP12 Complex: Calcineurin

IV. Target of Rapamycin-FKBP12 Complex: mTOR/FRAP/RFAT

V. Intervention of Intracellular Signaling Pathways by FK506 and Rapamycin

References

Index