
Low Cost Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems: Conventional and Recent Advances
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- 1st Edition - October 15, 2024
- Editors: Xuan-Thanh Bui, Ashok Pandey, Thanh-Tin Nguyen, Shu-Yuan Pan
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 3 6 6 2 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 3 6 6 1 - 7
Low Cost Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems: Conventional and Recent Advances introduces different conventional and advanced low-cost systems for water and wastewater treatment… Read more

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Request a sales quoteLow Cost Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems: Conventional and Recent Advances introduces different conventional and advanced low-cost systems for water and wastewater treatment. The technologies involve conventional biological processes with low-cost and newly developed processes for improving the performance of the treatment processes. The book also contains chapters describing some main topics which discusses their principles, development, and applications: 1) low-cost biological treatment system; 2) bioremediation technologies; 3) natural-based technologies; 4) biomedia-based technologies; 5) adsorption-based technologies; 6) membrane filtration-based technologies; and 7) emerging technologies.
It investigates various low-cost treatment technologies and applies these to the removal of organic matters, nutrients, and emerging micro pollutants in developing countries and worldwide.
- Provides up-to-date information on low-cost biological treatment systems
- Includes water and wastewater treatment and reuse by low-cost membrane systems
- Presents state-of-the-art information on design and operation of biological low-cost systems
- Low Cost Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems: Conventional and Recent Advances
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section A: Bioremediation and nature-based technologies
- Chapter 1 Biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Wastewater sources
- 3 From conventional processes to alternative processes in wastewater treatment
- 3.1 Conventional activated sludge process
- 3.2 Membrane bioreactors (MBRs)
- 3.3 Algae-based processed
- 3.4 Anammox-based processes
- 4 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 2 Anaerobic processes for wastewater treatment: Affecting factors and treatment performance
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Anaerobic technologies
- 2.1 Classification of anaerobic treatment technology
- 2.2 Recent anaerobic technologies for wastewater treatment
- 3 Design parameters
- 3.1 Organic loading rate (OLR)
- 3.2 Sludge retention time (SRT)
- 3.3 Hydraulic retention time
- 3.4 Issues regarding installation and operation
- 4 Factor influence the anaerobic digestion process
- 4.1 Characteristics of influent
- 4.2 Pretreatment
- 4.3 Sulfide production
- 4.4 Ammonia toxicity
- 4.5 Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation
- 5 Economics of different anaerobic processes
- 6 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 3 Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly wastewater treatment technique
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Processes and mechanisms of phytoremediation
- 2.1 Phytoaccumulation
- 2.2 Phytostabilisation/phytoimmobilization
- 2.3 Rhizofiltration
- 2.4 Phytovolatilization
- 2.5 Phytodegradation and rhizodegradation
- 2.6 Phytodesalination
- 3 Influencing factors on phytoremediation
- 3.1 Contaminant characteristics
- 3.2 Plant types and ecological limitations
- 3.3 Soil and water pH
- 3.4 Biota dan microorganism
- 3.5 Electrical conductivity
- 3.6 Organic material level
- 3.7 Soil amendment
- 4 Plant biomass treatment after the phytoremediation
- 4.1 Harvesting and collection
- 4.2 Separation and decontamination
- 4.3 Stabilization and drying
- 4.4 Treatment option
- 4.5 Example case of implemented phytoremediation
- 5 Restrictions
- 6 Further development
- 7 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 4 Algal systems for wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Cellular composition of algae and application in wastewater treatment
- 3 Algae-based wastewater treatment system
- 3.1 Cascading carbon capture systems
- 3.2 Bio-physicochemical system
- 3.3 Biofilms
- 3.4 Immobilization
- 3.5 Synergistic co-cultivation
- 3.6 Heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation using wastewater
- 3.7 Integrating flue gas in the algae-based wastewater treatment system
- 4 Algae for wastewater nutrient remediation
- 4.1 Adsorption
- 4.2 Accumulation
- 4.3 Algae-based degradation mechanism of pollutants
- 5 Species selection
- 5.1 Algal strains
- 5.2 Mode of microalgal growth
- 6 Impacts of operation condition to algae growth in wastewater treatment
- 6.1 Nutrients
- 6.2 Ammonia
- 6.3 Phosphorous
- 6.4 Carbon source
- 6.5 CO2 concentration
- 6.6 Temperature
- 6.7 pH
- 6.8 Light
- 7 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 5 Duckweed-based waste stabilization ponds for wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Duckweed application in wastewater treatment
- 3 Factors affecting duckweed growth in wastewater
- 4 Role of microorganisms associated with duckweeds
- 5 Performance of duckweed treatment ponds
- 5.1 Organic and nutrient removal
- 5.2 Toxic compound removal (CW)
- 6 Practical criteria of duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems
- 7 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from duckweed-based wastewater treatment
- 7.1 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- 7.2 Methane (CH4)
- 7.3 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- 8 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Section B: Biomedia and biomaterials-based technologies
- Chapter 6 Downflow hanging sponge (DHS) technology for wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 DHS generations and their process of spreading from Japan to around the world
- 2.1 The DHS generations over the years
- 2.2 Applications
- 2.3 Performance of the DHS reactors in wastewater treatment
- 3 Mechanism of DHS technology
- 4 Sustainability of DHS technology
- 5 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 7 Biochar-based technology in water and wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Declaration of competing interest
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Biochar
- 2.1 Elemental composition and properties of biochar
- 2.2 Surface chemistry and characterization of biochar
- 2.3 Biochar application in wastewater treatment
- 3 Industrial wastewater treatment
- 3.1 Heavy metals and other inorganic pollutants
- 3.2 Dyes
- 3.3 Phenols
- 3.4 Pharmaceuticals and other organic pollutants
- 4 Municipal wastewater treatment
- 5 Agricultural wastewater treatment
- 6 Stormwater treatment
- 7 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 8 Biochar and engineering applications in remediation of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater toward sustainable development
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Sources, fate, and adverse effects of heavy metals
- 2.1 Sources of heavy metals
- 2.2 Fate and detrimental effects of heavy metals
- 3 Overview of biochar production
- 3.1 Pyrolysis
- 3.2 Hydrothermal carbonization
- 3.3 Gasification
- 3.4 Torrefaction
- 3.5 Feedstock for biochar production
- 4 Application of biochar for heavy metals removal from wastewater
- 4.1 Lead (Pb)
- 4.2 Cadmium (Cd)
- 4.3 Arsenic (As)
- 4.4 Mercury (Hg)
- 4.5 Chromium (Cr)
- 4.6 Others
- 5 Mechanisms for remediation of heavy metals from wastewater
- 6 Environmental benefits of biochar application toward sustainable development
- 7 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 9 Preparation and modification of cellulose aerogels and their application in water environment treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Preparation and modification of cellulose aerogels
- 2.1 Dissolving and dispersion of cellulose
- 2.2 Gelation of cellulose
- 2.3 Drying
- 2.4 Modification of cellulose aerogels
- 3 Characteristics of cellulose aerogels
- 3.1 Density and porosity
- 3.2 Specific surface area
- 3.3 Morphology
- 3.4 Mechanical properties
- 4 Application of cellulose aerogels in environmental pollution control
- 4.1 Adsorption of heavy metal ions
- 4.2 Adsorption of oil and organic solvents
- 5 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 10 Advanced electrochemical separation for resource recovery from wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Electrokinetic separation for resource recovery
- 2.1 Liquid fertilizers
- 2.2 Solid precipitates
- 2.3 Gaseous products
- 3 Economic benefits of resource recovery
- 4 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 11 Biochar production and potential application in water and wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Production of biochar
- 2.1 Pyrolysis
- 2.2 Microwave treatment
- 2.3 Gasification
- 2.4 Hydrothermal carbonization
- 2.5 Torrefaction
- 3 Modification of biochar
- 3.1 Chemical modification
- 3.2 Physical activation
- 3.3 Impregnation and magnetic biochar
- 3.4 Hybrid chars
- 4 Application of biochar in drinking water and wastewater treatment
- 4.1 Factors affecting the removal of pollutants in drinking and wastewater systems
- 4.2 Removal of organic pollutants mechanisms
- 4.3 Removal of inorganic pollutants mechanisms
- 5 Challenges and areas of exploration in the application of biochar in real-life water systems
- 6 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Section C: Membrane filtration-based technologies
- Chapter 12 Gravity-driven membrane as a low-cost process for sustainable water treatment: Principle, performance, and energy consumption
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Fundamentals of GDM
- 2.1 GDM working principle
- 2.2 Membrane properties and configurations
- 3 Influencing factors affecting GDM water recovery
- 3.1 Feed water
- 3.2 Operation pressure
- 4 Energy consumption and affecting parameters
- 4.1 Energy consumption of GDM
- 4.2 Effect of parameters on energy consumption
- 5 System evaluation and economic assessment
- 6 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 13 Gravity-driven membrane filtration: Fouling control and its application for water and wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgment
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Fouling in GDM
- 2.1 Particulate fouling
- 2.2 Organic fouling
- 2.3 Inorganic fouling
- 2.4 Biofouling
- 2.5 Nature of fouling affecting GDM performance
- 3 Fouling control/mitigation methods in GDM
- 3.1 Oxidation
- 3.2 Coagulation
- 3.3 Layer pre-deposition
- 3.4 Others
- 3.5 Cleaning
- 4 Recent application of GDM for water and wastewater treatment
- 4.1 Water treatment
- 4.2 Wastewater treatment
- 5 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Section D: Other technologies
- Chapter 14 Electrokinetic separation for wastewater treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Fundamentals of electrokinetic separation
- 3 Electrokinetic methods
- 3.1 Electrodialysis and electrodialysis reversal
- 3.2 Electrodeionization
- 3.3 Ion concentration polarization
- 4 Process efficiency evaluation and control parameters
- 4.1 Percent extraction
- 4.2 Current efficiency
- 4.3 Membrane permselectivity and transport number
- 4.4 Concentration polarization and limiting current density
- 5 Ionic membranes
- 6 Applications of electrokinetic separation in wastewater treatment
- 6.1 Industrial wastewater treatment
- 6.2 Municipal wastewater treatment
- 6.3 Desalination
- 6.4 Electrodialysis at the global level
- 7 Environmental assessment
- 8 Challenges to overcome
- 9 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 15 Microbial fuel cell-assisted systems for water treatment and energy recovery
- Abstract
- Keywords
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Operation principle of microbial fuel cell
- 3 Advances and challenges for wastewater treatment
- 3.1 Adapting to a variety of substrate sources
- 3.2 Reactor configuration improvement
- 3.3 Operational condition optimization
- 4 Microbial fuel cell integrated systems for wastewater treatment
- 4.1 MFC-constructed wetlands
- 4.2 Microbial desalination cells
- 4.3 MFC-algal bioreactors
- 5 Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 600
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 15, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443236624
- eBook ISBN: 9780443236617
XB
Xuan-Thanh Bui
AP
Ashok Pandey
Prof. Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. His major research and technological development interests are industrial and environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, etc.
TN
Thanh-Tin Nguyen
SP