Low Blood Pressure

PrefaceChapter I Physiological Blood Pressure General Considerations Special Considerations Definition of Arterial Pressure Circulatory Factors in Arterial Pressure 1. The Cardiac Energy 2. The Peripheral Resistance 3. The Resiliency of the Arterial Walls 4. The Volume of the Circulating Blood 5. The Consistency of the Blood The Measure of Circulatory Efficiency Vasomotor Control of Arterial Pressure Sphygmomanometry Methods of Estimation of Arterial Pressure 1. Tactile 2. Vibratory 3. Oscillatory 4. Auditory Meaning and Value of the Minimal (Diastolic) Pressure Meaning and Value of the Maximal (Systolic) Pressure The Complete Arterial Pressure Picture Theoretical Standard Arterial Pressures in Males of Medium Physique at various Ages The Standard Level of Arterial PressureChapter II Low Arterial Pressure Definitions of Hypotonia, Hypopiesis, Hypopiesia "Hypotension" Significance of Low Arterial Pressure The Upper (Systolic) Limit of Low Arterial Pressure The Lower (Diastolic) Limit of Low Arterial Pressure Range of Low Arterial Pressures Low Differential (Pulse) Pressure Differential Pressure as an Index of Functional Efficiency Frequency of Incidence of Low Arterial Pressure Influence on Low Arterial Pressure (a) of Sex (b) of Emotion Classification of Low Arterial PressureChapter III Aetiology of Low Arterial Pressure General Considerations The Author's Views:— Low Arterial Pressure not a Physiological State A Comprehensive and Unifying ^Etiological Principle The Author's Biological Law of Low Arterial Pressure Autonomic-Endocrine Influences Biochemical Influences Views of other Writers:— A. Negative Views on ^Etiology B. Positive Views on etiology SummaryChapter IV Symptoms and Signs of Low Arterial Pressure Subjective Symptoms Physical Signs Symptomatology of Acquired Hypopiesis Symptomatology of Constitutional HypopiesisChapter V Autonomic-Endocrine Aspects of Low Arterial Pressure 1. Influence of the Autonomic (Vegetative) Nervous System on Low Arterial Pressure:— The Parasympathetic or Extended Vagus System The Sympathetic System Relation of the Autonomic to the Endocrine System Vagotonia Sympatheticotonia Vagotonic Syncope 2. Influence of the Endocrine System on Low Arterial Pressure Endocrine Insufficiency (i.) Thyroid Insufficiency (ii.) Adrenal Insufficiency (iii.) Pituitary Insufficiency "Hyposphyxia"Chapter VI Circulatory Factors in Production Of Low Blood Pressure The Circulatory Mechanisms Involved:— I. The Heart II. The Arteries ΙII. The Arterioles and Capillaries IV. The Veins V. The BloodChapter VII Low Arterial Pressure in the Absence Or Organic Disease A. Psychical Low Arterial Pressure B. Physical Low Arterial Pressure 1. Hypotonia (Primary or Essential Arterial Hypotonus) 2. Hypopiesia (Primary or Essential, Congenital and Constitutional Hypopiesis) 3. Temporarily Induced as a result of:— 4. Permanently Acquired as a result of:—Chapter VIII Low Arterial Pressure Consequent upon Trauma. Infection, and Other Agencies I. Temporary A. In Association with Acute Conditions B. In Association with Subacute and Chronic Conditions II . Congenital and Persistent C In Association with— III. Acquired and Persistent In Association with—Chapter IX Low Arterial Pressure in the Presence of Acute Organic Disease Low Arterial Pressure in Association with the Acute Specific Infectious Diseases:— (a) Microbio Infections (b) Exanthematous Infections of Doubtful Aetiology (c) Protozoan Infections (d) Metazoan Infections (e) Spirochetal InfectionsChapter Χ Low Arterial Pressure in the Presence of Chronic Organic Disease Acquired and Persistent A. In Association with Chronic Conditions usually attended by Wasting—The Cachexias 1. Adrenal Insufficiency 2. Malignant Disease 3. Tuberculosis 4. Diabetes Mellitus 5. Deficiency Diseases 6. Atrophic Cirrhosis of the Liver 7. Tropical Diseases of Doubtful Aetiology B. In Association with Chronic Conditions not usually attended by Wasting:— 1. Constitutional Affections 2. The Anemias 3. Chronic Infections 4. Chronic Intoxications 5. Chronic Arthritis and Fibrositis 6. Tinnitus Aurium C. The Lowest Limits of Arterial Pressure compatible with Life D. As a Terminal EventChapter XI Diagnosis and Prognosis of Low Arterial Pressure Procedure in Diagnosis Utility of Biochemical Investigation Occasional Difficulties in Diagnosis Diagnosis in Autonomic-Endocrine Conditions Influence of Posture Cardiological Aspects of Diagnosis and Prognosis Diagnosis and PrognosisChapter XII Control Of Low Arterial Pressure I. General Measures of Co-ordinated Control 1. Mode of Life 2. Diet 3. Rest 4. Exercise 5. Change of Air 6. Sunshine II. Special Measures of Co-ordinated Control 1. Relaxation Exercises and Passive Movements 2. Deep Breathing Exercises 3. Massage and Resistance Exercises 4. Ultra-Violet Radiation 5. Static Electricity 6. Oxygen 7. Hydrotherapy 8. Organotherapy 9. Drug Therapy 10. Treatment of Symptoms 11. Treatment of Emergencies in States of Depressed Vitality 12. Treatment of Conditions of Association