Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19

1st Edition - June 13, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, Vinood Patel, Colin R. Martin
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 6 5 0 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 6 5 1 - 2

Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the effect of both the virus and the pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at the burden of the COVID-… Read more

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Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the effect of both the virus and the pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on those with pre-existing conditions, including Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. The ongoing consequences of the pandemic on the mental health of the broad populace are discussed. As well as the neurological effects of the virus itself, chapters discuss psychological concerns including depression and anxiety. Finally, the chapters also include aspects relevant to managing care and the treatment of conditions. A broad range of conditions preceding, caused by, or emerging for the first time during the pandemic are also detailed.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Section A: Introductory chapters and setting the scene
Chapter 1 The historical aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the ensuing pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Viral pandemic history
Zoonotic origin of pathogenic viruses
Origin of coronaviruses
Genomic organization of coronaviruses
Evolution relationship of SARS-CoV-2
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 2 Different variants of SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 classification
Various SARS-CoV-2 variants
Challenges of novel variants on diagnosis and therapy
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 3 Lateral flow assay for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Uses and limitations
Abstract
Introduction
Lateral flow strip components
Lateral flow assay types
Lateral flow assay: Clinical perspective
Conclusions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 4 Linking community participation, mobility disabilities, and the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Community participation
Education
Employment
Health
Pandemic adaptations
COVID-19 vaccines and boosters
Long-term consequences
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 5 Influence of the sources used to obtain information on COVID-19 and their impact on mental health
Abstract
Introduction
Sources of information during the COVID-19 pandemic
Infodemic and disinformation: Social media as a source of information
Impact of information received about COVID-19 on people's health
Beliefs about COVID-19
Knowledge on preventive measures to be adopted against COVID-19
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section B: Impact on behavior and psychology
Chapter 6 The psychological experiences and distress of defined populations in the COVID-19 pandemic: Doctors
Abstract
Introduction
Prepandemic mental health and working conditions
Types and prevalence of mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Factors driving poor mental health during COVID-19
Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 7 Impact of COVID-19 on behavior in autism spectrum disorder
Abstract
Introduction
COVID-19 pandemic challenges among individuals with ASD
Conclusions
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 8 Prepandemic stressors in mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: Early life adversities and beyond
Abstract
Introduction
Stress and mental health: A brief overview
Early life stressors
Major life stressors
COVID-19-related stressors
Exploring the neurobiological basis of stress
Vulnerable populations
Psychosocial resources acting as mediators and moderators in stress responses
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 9 Compulsive hoarding in the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Impact of COVID-19 on hoarding behaviors
Differences between panic buying and hoarding
Studies investigating panic buying during the pandemic
Impact of the pandemic on the clinical population
Protective and risk factors associated with hoarding behaviors
Conclusions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 10 The psychological experiences and distress in Japan and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Unique countermeasures against COVID-19 in Japan
Unique countermeasures against COVID-19 in Sweden
Mental health impact of COVID-19 in Sweden
Conclusions
Summary points
References
Chapter 11 The COVID-19 pandemic, mental health, and sleep: Linking depression, anxiety, and perceived stress
Abstract
Introduction
Psychiatric symptoms and sleep disturbance during COVID-19 pandemic
Sleep quality
Risk and protective factors related to mental health problems during the pandemic
Neurobiology of psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19
Resilience
Policies
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 12 The COVID-19 pandemic and the occupational overload of health professionals: Indicators of burnout
Abstract
Introduction
Burnout conceptual models
Impacts on health professionals’ emotional overload at different times during the COVID-19 pandemic
Diverse burnout prevalence rates, measurement instruments, and associated conditions
Diverse burnout rates and epidemiological statuses
Diverse burnout rates and the different countries and continents
Diverse burnout rates and the number of cases among different countries and type of patient care
Diverse burnout rates and different professions
Risk factors for burnout among health professionals
Risk factors associated with burnout among different professions
Prevention and interventions concerning burnout—Recommendations for practice
Future studies addressing burnout
Policies and procedures
Implications for other fields
Summary
References
Chapter 13 Neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Pathogenesis, risk factors, assessment, and implications
Abstract
Introduction
Neurocognitive sequelae of COVID-19
Pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction
Risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19
Method of assessment
COVID-19 and dysexecutive syndrome
COVID-19 and memory deficits
COVID-19 and attention problems
Impacts on other cognitive domains
Consequences of neurocognitive sequelae
Management
Conclusion
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 14 Acute neurocognitive disorder as a presenting manifestation of COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Evaluation
CSF analysis
Management
Conclusions
Future directions
Summary points
References
Chapter 15 Mental health and the impact of confinement
Abstract
Introduction
Impact on lifestyle
Impact on anxiety and stress
Impact on mood disorders
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 16 Cannabis use in the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in different populations and implications for policy
Abstract
Introduction
Regional prevalence and trends of cannabis use during the pandemic
Factors contributing to cannabis use change
Impacted populations
Health implications
Implications for policy
Applications to other areas
Limitations
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 17 Impact of COVID-19 on women's mental health: Socioeconomic groups and global aspects
Abstract
Introduction
About the brain
Maternal health
The mental health of women from different parts of the world
The mental health of women belonging to different socioeconomic groups
Neurological behavior of women from different age groups
Societal and economic impact on women
Conclusion
Policies
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 18 Quality of life assessment of patients after COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Policy and procedure
Applications in other regions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Health-related QoL
Psychometric tools for measuring health-related quality of life
General health level questionnaires
Special questionnaires of health-related quality of life
Long post-COVID-19 syndrome
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on quality of life after the end of acute COVID-19
Review of studies on post Long-COVID-19 induced quality of life
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 COVID-19 pandemic and remote working: Toward a new way of working
Abstract
Introduction
The rise of remote working during the pandemic
Between benefits and challenges: Notes for post-COVID-19 remote working
The future of remote working: Toward a hybrid work model
Conclusion
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 20 Long COVID-19 and its persistence: A focus on mental health
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Long COVID-19 and mental health
Pathophysiology
Long COVID-19 and fatigue
Stress
Depression and anxiety
Sleep disturbances
Cognitive impairment
Monitoring and treating mental health issued in long COVID-19
Applications to other areas
Conclusions
Summary points
Mini-dictionary of terms
References
Chapter 21 The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral and psychological features of vulnerable groups: Patients with multiple sclerosis and their quality of life
Abstract
Introduction
Behavioral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MS patients
Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MS patients
COVID-19 and the quality of life in MS patients
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 22 The COVID-19 pandemic and the interlink with psychological distress and eating behaviors
Abstract
COVID-19 and the associated challenges
COVID-19 and psychological distress
COVID-19 and disordered eating behaviors
Stress: The hidden culprit
Is the COVID-19 pandemic the mediating link between DEBs and psychological distress?
Lessons for the future
Summary points
References
Section C: Effects on neurological structures and mechanisms
Chapter 23 Linking pediatric COVID-19 with basal ganglia and dentate nucleus
Abstract
Introduction
Dentate nucleus
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Persistent neurological symptoms post SARS-CoV-2 infection
Discussion
Conclusion
Summary
References
Chapter 24 Sensory disorders, neuroinflammation, and COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology of sensory disorders
Treatment
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 25 The effects of COVID-19 isolations on nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease
Abstract
Introduction
Neuropsychiatric symptoms
Sleep disturbances
Quality of life
Pain
Autonomic dysfunctions
Conclusions
Summary points
References
Chapter 26 Myelitis following COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Demographic characteristics
Clinical features
Laboratory features
Neuroimaging findings
Treatment
Prognosis
Conclusions
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 27 The corpus callosum: Effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mRNA vaccine
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 28 Assessing the impact of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure on infants’ neurodevelopment: A comprehensive analysis of current evidence
Abstract
Introduction
Understanding COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic
Exploring the social and lifestyle changes generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and their possible impact on neurodevelopment in infants
Can prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 truly impact the neurodevelopment of infants?
Pending questions around babies with prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2
Conclusions
Policies
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 29 Electroencephalographic features with COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
EEG findings in acute phase encephalopathy
EEG findings in seizures and status epilepticus in adults
Pediatric population
EEG in persistent COVID-19
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 30 Survivors of COVID-19 and clinical neuropsychological domain characteristics
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Summary and discussion
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 31 Neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neurogenesis
Neuropathology of COVID-19
Postmortem evidence of glial activation
Soluble biomarker studies
Long-COVID-19 and the brain
Neuroinflammation as a mechanism of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19
COVID-19 lasting cognitive impairment?
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 32 Functional magnetic resonance imaging and depressive symptoms in subjects with COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 33 Impact of COVID-19 on the brain: Antibodies against brain stem antigens
Abstract
Introduction
Brain stem damage in COVID-19
Autoantibodies and COVID-19
Evidence for brain stem autoantigens in COVID-19
Future perspectives and brain stem damage in long-COVID-19
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 34 The kynurenine pathway and role in mental health of post-COVID-19 patients
Abstract
Introduction
Abnormalities in tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the development of mental health conditions
The psychological consequences of viral pandemics
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients: The possible underlying mechanisms
Conclusion and future directions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section D: Management, support and treatments
Chapter 35 Management of brain tumors in the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Consortia guidelines
Patient prioritization
Treatment and investigation-based considerations
Discussion
Applications to other areas
Conclusions
Mini-dictionary
Summary points
References
Chapter 36 The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ischemic stroke management: From hyperacute to chronic phase
Abstract
Introduction
Prehospital management
In-hospital management
Rehabilitation, outpatient management, and stroke outcome
Conclusions
Policy and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 37 Long COVID-19 and the potential use of palmitoylethanolamide
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2
Long-COVID-19 symptoms
Therapy
Antiinflammatory therapy
Clinical trials
Conclusions
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 38 Cognitive assessments in post-COVID-19 syndrome: A focus on the neuropsychological tests and protocols
Abstract
Concepts of neuropsychological assessment
Importance of neuropsychological assessment in post-COVID-19 syndrome
Objectives of neuropsychological assessment in PCS
Assessment of cognitive domains in post-COVID-19 syndrome
Concluding remarks: Diagnosis of cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 39 Supporting those with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Discussion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 40 Preserving well-being and quality of life through school-based interventions focused on physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Subjective well-being and health-related quality of life
Physical activity in children and adolescents
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior
WHO guidelines
COVID-19 and psychophysical effects
School-based intervention
School-based intervention during the pandemic
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 41 Hesitancy in using COVID-19 prevention behaviors among African Americans: Strategies to build confidence
Abstract
Introduction
About the COVID-19 pandemic
African Americans and COVID-19
Structural racism and COVID-19: Exacerbation of existing inequities and disparities
African American hesitancy: Past research experiences matter too
Top COVID-19 preventive behaviors: Why the hesitancy in engagement?
Compliance with preventative behaviors
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 42 New strategies for psychological well-being at work
Abstract
Introduction
Individual-level strategies
Team-level strategies
Organizational-level strategies
Technology-based strategies
Challenges and future directions
Conclusion
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 43 Mitigating mental health changes with virtual reality technology during COVID-19 outbreak
Abstract
Introduction
Mental illness during COVID-19 pandemic
Virtual reality concept
VR development framework in mental health
Application of virtual reality for mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic
Challenges and future recommendations
Summary points
References
Chapter 44 Music therapy for patients with neurological disorders during COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
The role of music therapist during the COVID-19 outbreak
Telemusic therapy in people with dementia
Online dancing therapy in people with Parkinson’s disease
Music therapy at home for children with neurological disabilities
Discussion
Summary points
References
Chapter 45 Mental health and the modulating effects of receiving the COVID-19 vaccination
Abstract
Introduction
Can vaccination improve mental health?
Data from the large cohort surveys
Healthcare professionals
Who most benefited from vaccination on mental health?
Summary of the modulating effects of receiving the COVID-19 vaccination on mental health
Policies
Procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 46 Personalized cognitive behavioral therapy on patients with obesity in COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
An overview of personalized CBT-OB
Data on personalized CBT-OB effectiveness before and during COVID-19 pandemic
Problems and potential opportunities of using personalized CBT-OB during COVID-19
Remote delivery of personalized CBT-OB during the COVID-19 pandemic
Adapting CBT-OB for remote delivery
Conclusions
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 47 Social anxiety disorder and COVID-19: Treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Social anxiety disorder
The course of social anxiety disorder during COVID-19
Unique concerns of SAD in the context of a pandemic
Treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy in the backdrop of the pandemic
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 48 Burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: Modulating role of mindfulness
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section E: Case studies with mini review
Chapter 49 Case study: Evaluation of a Long Covid Assessment Service (LCAS)
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Findings
Conclusions
Summary points
References
Chapter 50 Case study: Navigating youth mental health and addictions care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
The Family Navigation Project
Client story
Discussion
Summary points
References
Chapter 51 Case study: Restless leg syndrome associated with COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms of RLS
COVID-19 RLS case reports
Conclusion
Summary points
Conflict of interest
Author contributions
Ethical approval
Data availability statement
References
Section F: Resources
Chapter 52 Recommended resources linking neuroscience and behavior in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Abstract
Acknowledgments (in alphabetical order)
Introduction
Resources
Other resources
Summary points
References
Index

Rajkumar Rajendram

Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.

Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.

Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.

Affiliations and expertise

Consultant in Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Victor R Preedy

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK

Vinood Patel

Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King’s College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications.

Affiliations and expertise

Reader, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, London, UK

Colin R. Martin

Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK

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Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19

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Rajkumar Rajendram

Victor R Preedy

Vinood Patel

Colin R. Martin

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