Light

ForewordPrefaceChapter 1 ∙ Measurement and Characterization of Light 1. The Nature of Light 2. Photometry 2.1. True, Color, and Brightness Temperature 2.2. Standards of Luminous Intensity and Luminous Flux 2.3. Energy of Visible Light 2.4. Difficulties Inherent in Photometric Units in Biology 3. Light Sources 3.1. Energy Distributions and Intensities 3.2. Achievement of "Monochromatic" Light 3.3. Measurement of Light Intensities 4. The Light from the Sun—Some Biological ImplicationsChapter 2 ∙ Excitation of Molecules by Light 1. Basic Photoprocesses in Atoms and Simple Molecules 1.1. Historical Background of the Nomenclature of Spectral Terms 1.2. Spectral Terms and Electron Orbitals 2. Fates of Excited Molecules 2.1. Chemical Reactivity of the Excited State 2.2. Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Quenching 2.3. Energy Transfer 3. Photochemical Reactions 3.1. Photoreactions in the Vapor Phase 3.2. Solution Photochemistry 3.3. Charge Transfer Complexes 3.4. Mechanism of Photographic Action 3.5. Photochromism and PhotoisomerismChapter 3 ∙ Chemiluminescence—Reactions and Mechanisms 1. Gas Phase Reactions 2. Condensed Phase Reactions 2.1. Phosphorus 2.2. Luminol 2.3. Lophine, Pyrogallol, and Lucigenin 2.4. Oxysilicone 2.5. Photosensitized Chemiluminescence 2.6. Riboflavin 2.7. Luciferin 2.8. Hydrogen PeroxideChapter 4 ∙ Bioluminescence—Enzyme-Catalyzed Chemiluminescence 1. Firefly Reactions and Mechanism 1.1. Utilization of Oxygen 1.2. Comparison of Various Fireflies 2. Bacterial Reactions and Mechanism 3. General Properties of Other Systems 4. Evolutionary Aspects of BioluminescenceChapter 5 ∙ Biological Action of Light 1. Organization and Structure of Light Receptor Systems 2. Photosynthesis 2.1. A Summary Scheme for Photosynthesis 3. Photoperiodism and Photomorphogenesis: The Control of Metabolism by Light 4. Phototropism and Phototaxis 5. Direct Stimulation by Light 6. Vision 6.1. Units and Sensitivity of the Eye to Light 6.2. Structural Features 6.3. The Haidinger Brush Phenomenon 6.4. Biochemistry of Vision 6.5. Color Vision 7. Deleterious Effects 7.1. Bactericidal Action of UV Light 7.2. Photodynamic Action 8. Photoreactivation 9. Optical Asymmetry in Biological SystemsAppendix I Physical ConstantsAppendix II Conversion FactorsAppendix III LasersAppendix IV Filter Data for Isolation or AbsorptionAppendix V Thermopile Method for Determination of Light Intensities 1. Use of Quartz Window Thermopiles 2. Vacuum Thermopiles 3. General TechniquesAppendix VI Ferrioxalate Chemical Actinometer for Determination of Light IntensitiesAppendix VII Assay of Adenosine Triphosphate Using Firefly LuminescenceReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index