Chapter 1. Diagnostic Molecular and Genomic Methodologies for the Hematologist/Oncologist
- Abstract
- Clinical Molecular and Genomic Methodologies
- Interpreting and Evaluating the Results from Clinical Genetic Testing
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 2. Hematologic Manifestations of Systemic Illness
- Abstract
- Hematologic Manifestations of Diseases Related to Various Organs
- Chronic Illness
- Lead Intoxication
- Nutritional Disorders
- Bone Marrow Infiltration
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 3. Classification and Diagnosis of Anemia in Children
- Abstract
- Classification and Diagnosis
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 4. Lymphadenopathy and Diseases of the Spleen
- Abstract
- Lymphadenopathy
- Diseases of the Spleen
- Splenomegaly
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 5. Anemia During the Neonatal Period
- Abstract
- Hemorrhage
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Failure of Red Cell Production
- Anemia of Prematurity
- Physiologic Anemia
- Diagnostic Approach to Anemia in the Newborn
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 6. Iron-Deficiency Anemia
- Abstract
- Prevalence
- Etiologic Factors
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis
- Stages of Iron Depletion
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 7. Megaloblastic Anemia
- Abstract
- Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
- Folic Acid Deficiency
- Clinical Features of Cobalamin and Folate Deficiency
- Diagnosis of Cobalamin and Folate Deficiency
- Treatment
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 8. Bone Marrow Failure
- Abstract
- Aplastic Anemia
- Acquired Aplastic Anemia
- Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- Fanconi Anemia
- Dyskeratosis Congenita
- Congenital Aplastic Anemias of Unknown Inheritance
- Diamond–Blackfan Anemia (Congenital Pure Red Cell Aplasia)
- Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
- Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
- Sideroblastic Anemias (Mitochondrial Diseases with Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes)
- Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Kostmann Syndrome
- Reticular Dysgenesis
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 9. General Considerations of Hemolytic Diseases, Red Cell Membrane, and Enzyme Defects
- Abstract
- Clinical Features of Hemolytic Disease
- Laboratory Findings
- Membrane Defects
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Enzyme Defects
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 10. Extracorpuscular Hemolytic Anemia
- Abstract
- Immune Hemolytic Anemia
- NonImmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 11. Hemoglobinopathies
- Abstract
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Thalassemias
- Management of the Acutely Ill Thalassemic Patient
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 12. Polycythemia
- Abstract
- Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) in the Newborn
- Polycythemia in Childhood
- Polycythemia Vera
- Primary Familial and Congenital Polycythemia
- Congenital Polycythemia Due to Altered Hypoxia Sensing with Normal P50
- Congenital Polycythemia Due to Altered Hypoxia Sensing with Decreased P50
- Other Causes of Polycythemia
- Diagnostic Approach
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 13. Disorders of White Blood Cells
- Abstract
- Quantitative Disorders of Leukocytes
- Decreased Production or Intrinsic Defects of Neutrophils
- Increased Destruction or Extrinsic Defects of Neutrophils
- Immune Neutropenia
- NonImmune Neutropenia
- Eosinophils
- Lymphocytes
- Disorders of Leukocyte Function
- Disorders of Adhesion and Chemotaxis
- Disorders of Neutrophil Granules
- Disorders of Oxidative Metabolism
- Neutrophil Production and Destruction in Newborn Infants
- Neutrophil Function in the Newborn
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 14. Disorders of Platelets
- Abstract
- Thrombocytopenia in the Newborn
- Inherited Thrombocytopenias
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
- Other Causes of Thrombocytopenia
- Thrombocytosis
- Qualitative Platelet Disorders
- Acquired Platelet Disorders
- Nonthrombocytopenic Purpura
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 15. Disorders of Coagulation
- Abstract
- Hemostatic Disorders
- Hemostasis in the Newborn
- Detection of Hemostatic Defects
- Acquired Coagulation Factor Disorders
- Inherited Coagulation Factor Disorders
- von Willebrand Disease
- Rare Coagulation Factor Disorders (FII, V, VII, X, XI, XIII, Fibrinogen Deficiencies)
- Thrombotic Disorders
- Venous Thrombosis
- Arterial Thrombosis
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
- Hereditary Thrombotic Disorders
- Thrombotic Disorders in Newborns
- Antithrombotic Agents
- Antithrombotic Therapy in Special Conditions
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 16. Lymphoproliferative Disorders
- Abstract
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 17. Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Disorders
- Abstract
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- CML, BCR–ABL1 Positive
- Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera
- Primary Myelofibrosis
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 18. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Abstract
- Incidence of ALL
- Etiology
- Clinical Features of ALL
- Prognostic Factors
- Treatment
- Infant Leukemia
- Philadelphia-Positive ALL
- Down Syndrome and ALL
- Relapse in Children with ALL
- Future Drugs in ALL Therapy
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 19. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Abstract
- Incidence and Epidemiology
- Etiology and Predisposing Conditions
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis
- Classification of AML
- Treatment
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches
- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
- AML Special Subgroups
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 20. Histiocytosis Syndromes
- Abstract
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Other Histiocytic Disorders
- Macrophage Mediated Disorders
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 21. Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Abstract
- Etiology and Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- Biology
- Pathology
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Evaluation and Staging
- Prognostic Factors
- Treatment
- Long-Term Complications
- Follow-Up Evaluations
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 22. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Incidence and Epidemiology
- Pathologic Classification
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis
- Staging
- Prognosis
- Management
- Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
- B Lineage NHL
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 23. Central Nervous System Malignancies
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Genetic Syndromes Associated with Pediatric Brain Tumors
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Astrocytomas
- Medulloblastoma
- Relapsed Medulloblastoma
- Brain Stem Tumors
- Ependymomas
- Optic Glioma
- Craniopharyngiomas
- Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
- Malignant Brain Tumors in Infants and Children Less Than 3 Years of Age
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 24. Neuroblastoma
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Predisposition
- Pathology and Biology
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis and Staging
- Treatment
- Prognosis, Risk Stratification, and Therapy
- Post-Therapy Monitoring
- Special Treatment Considerations
- Neuroblastoma in the Adolescent and Young Adult
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 25. Renal Tumors
- Abstract
- Wilms’ Tumor
- Nephroblastomatosis
- Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
- Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
- Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 26. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Other Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
- Abstract
- Incidence and Epidemiology
- Pathologic and Genetic Classification
- Clinical Features
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Staging
- Prognosis
- Treatment
- Follow-Up After Completion of Therapy
- Recurrent Disease
- Future Perspectives
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 27. Malignant Bone Tumors
- Abstract
- Osteosarcoma
- Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors
- Other Bone Tumors
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 28. Retinoblastoma
- Abstract
- Incidence
- Classification
- 13q Deletion Syndrome
- Risk for Second Malignant Neoplasms
- Pathology
- Clinical Features
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Treatment
- Posttreatment Management
- Future Perspectives
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 29. Germ Cell Tumors
- Abstract
- Incidence
- Pathology
- Clinical Features
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Tumor Markers
- Staging
- Treatment
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 30. Hepatic Tumors
- Abstract
- Incidence
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Features
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Staging
- Treatment
- Follow-up
- Prognosis
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 31. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Abstract
- Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
- HSC Sources, Collection, and Manipulation
- Engraftment
- Complications of HSCT
- Late Sequelae of Stem Cell Transplantation
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 32. Management of Oncologic Emergencies
- Abstract
- Metabolic Emergencies
- Cardiothoracic Emergencies
- Abdominal Emergencies
- Renal Emergencies
- Neurologic Emergencies
- Endocrine Emergencies
- Treatment-Associated Emergencies
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 33. Supportive Care of Patients with Cancer
- Abstract
- Management of Infectious Complications
- Infection Prophylaxis
- Recognition and Management of Nausea and Vomiting
- Mucositis
- Pain Management
- Nutritional Status of the Oncology Patient
- Utilization of Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Management of Acute Radiation Side Effects
- Management of CVCs
- Posttreatment Immunizations
- Palliative Care
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 34. Evaluation, Investigations, and Management of Late Effects of Childhood Cancer
- Abstract
- Musculoskeletal System
- Cardiovascular System
- Respiratory System
- Central Nervous System
- Endocrine System
- Genitourinary System
- Ocular System
- Auditory System
- Gastrointestinal System
- Immunologic System
- Obesity
- Second Malignant Neoplasms
- Psychosocial Issues
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 35. Psychosocial Aspects of Cancer for Children and Their Families
- Abstract
- Time of Diagnosis
- Treatment Initiation
- Illness Stabilization
- During Relapses and Recurrences
- Treatment Outcomes: The Unsuccessful Course
- Treatment Outcomes: The Successful Course
- Conclusion
- Further Reading and References
Chapter 36. Blood Banking Principles and Practices
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Donor Selection and Collection
- Component Preparation
- Blood Component Modifications
- Special Pediatric Population Needs
- Administration
- Summary
- Further Reading and References
Appendix 1. Hematological Reference Values
- Fetal and Cord Blood Hematologic Value
- Red Cell Values and Related Serum Values
- White Cell Values
- Platelet Values
- Coagulation Values
- Bone Marrow Cells
Appendix 2. Biological Tumor Markers