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Laccase and Polyphenol Oxidase
Biochemistry and Biotechnological Applications
- 1st Edition - October 30, 2024
- Editor: Ivanhoe K.H. Leung
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 0 1 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 3 0 0 - 8
Laccase and Polyphenol Oxidase: Biochemistry and Biotechnological Applications, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology series, provides a thorough discus… Read more
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Request a sales quoteLaccase and Polyphenol Oxidase: Biochemistry and Biotechnological Applications, a new volume in the Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology series, provides a thorough discussion of the laccase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme families, which play key roles in the oxidation of phenolic substrates and are involved in a range of important biological functions in many organisms. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding these enzymes, but few resources exist on their fundamental biology, mechanisms, and applications. In this book, leading world experts discuss the biochemistry of laccase and polyphenol oxidases, research methods, and uses across industries, offering mechanistic and practical overviews of these important enzyme classes and empowering researchers to develop their own studies and hone applications. This book deftly connects topics across these intricate enzyme systems, with early chapters on the physicochemical properties of PPO and laccase, followed by separate sections on these related enzyme classes’ function in biological and industrial systems, production, purification, active assays, and application areas from food and wine to bioremediation to green chemistry.
- Examines the fundamental biology of laccase and polyphenol oxidases, research methods, and their uses across industries
- Features chapter contributions from leading international experts in the field
- Offers step-by-step instructions in key research and application methodologies
Biochemists, biotechnologists, biochemical engineers, plant biologists, cell biologists, pharmaceutical scientists
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Foundations and frontiers in enzymology series
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editor
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Functional roles of polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi
- Introduction
- Polyphenol oxidase structure and mechanism
- Enzymatic activity and reaction mechanisms of polyphenol oxidases
- Latency and activation of polyphenol oxidases
- Polyphenol oxidase and browning
- Strategies to combat enzymatic browning
- Polyphenol oxidase functions against biotic stress in plants
- Polyphenol oxidase function against plant pathogens
- Polyphenol oxidase function against insect pests
- Functions of polyphenol oxidases in plants against abiotic stress
- Biological functions of polyphenol oxidases in plant metabolism synthesis
- Betalain biosynthesis
- Aurone biosynthesis
- Tyrosine and esculetin metabolism
- Lignan biosynthesis
- Functions of polyphenol oxidases in fungi
- Pigmentation and browning
- Lignin degradation
- Morphogenesis
- Fungal defense and interaction
- Polyphenol oxidase genes and characterization
- Conclusions
- Chapter 2. Plant PPO: Production, purification, and activity assays
- Introduction
- Overall PPO structure
- Structural information on the substrate specificity
- Previous investigations on plant PPO purification and characterization
- Crude extraction and purification of PPOs
- Characterization of plant PPOs
- Recombinant plant PPOs: Production, purification and characterization
- Prior investigations into recombinant PPOs
- Case study: Recombinant production, purification and characterization of grape PPO
- Cloning procedures and protein production
- Protein purification
- Identification of recombinant grape PPO
- Characterization of grape PPO
- Development of a UV/Vis assay for PPO activities
- Conclusions
- Chapter 3. Laccase and polyphenol oxidase: Biochemistry and biotechnological applications
- Introduction
- Structure and catalytic site
- Mechanism of enzyme action
- Biochemical applications of polyphenol oxidase and laccase
- Biosensing/biochemical sensing
- Removal of pollutants
- Other biotechnological applications
- Food industry
- Textile industry
- Pharmaceutical industry
- Bioremediation
- Conclusions and future prospectives
- Chapter 4. Recent advances in the design of PPO inhibitors
- Introduction
- Polyphenol oxidase inhibitors in food packaging systems
- The role of food packaging on enzymatic browning
- Active packaging as an innovative approach to inhibit enzymatic browning
- Choice between plant-based and synthetic PPO inhibitors in active packaging
- Compatibility of plant-based inhibitors with active packaging
- Polyphenol oxidase inhibitors in cosmeceuticals
- Role of tyrosinase in melanogenesis
- Melanogenesis-related dermatological issues
- Plant-based cosmeceutical PPO inhibitors
- Delivery systems for plant-based PPO inhibitors
- Ethical screening methods for melanogenesis inhibition
- Conclusion
- Chapter 5. Reaction mechanism and redox potential of laccase
- Introduction - laccase as versatile biocatalysts
- Basic structural features of laccases
- Multidomain structure of laccase
- Active site characteristics
- Conserved sequential regions
- Reaction mechanism of laccases and their unique substrate binding cavity
- Substrate oxidation
- Distinction between laccases and other MCOs
- Oxygen reduction mechanism
- Redox potential of laccases
- Role of the axial ligand
- Other impacting factors
- Relation between redox potential and substrate specificity
- Laccase engineering and the role of redox mediators
- Factors influencing laccase activity other than redox potential
- Conclusion
- Chapter 6. Laccases: Biological functions and potential applications
- Introduction
- Enzyme structure and reaction
- Laccase occurrence and characteristics
- Plant laccases
- Fungal laccases
- Bacterial laccases
- Insect laccases
- Biological functions of laccases
- Synthesis and degradation of lignin
- Pigment formation and polyphenol oxidation
- Pathogen defence
- Biological functions of insect laccase
- Biotechnological and industrial application of laccases
- Biodegradation and bioremediation
- Pulp and paper industry
- Biosensors nanobiotechnology
- Biofuels
- Application in the food industry
- Cosmetic and pharmaceutical manufacturing
- Conclusions
- Chapter 7. Challenges and applications of laccase in bioremediation
- Introduction
- Laccase structures and active sites
- Laccases redox potential and substrate range
- Benefits and drawbacks of current laccase degradation systems
- Free laccase systems
- Laccase-mediator systems
- Immobilized laccase systems
- Fungal versus bacterial laccases for biotechnological applications
- Laccase-assisted bioremediation strategies
- Dye decolorization of textile effluents
- Detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluents
- Pesticides
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Challenges associated with the laccase-assisted bioremediation of emerging contaminants and future perspectives
- Concluding remarks
- Chapter 8. Immobilization of laccase for industrial wastewater treatment: Current challenges and future perspectives
- Introduction
- Laccase-catalyzed oxidation of substrates
- Laccase mediator system
- Cross-coupling and polymerization of substrates
- Immobilization of laccase
- Adsorption
- Entrapment/encapsulation
- Cross-linking
- Covalent immobilization
- Multi-enzyme immobilization
- Combination of laccase-catalyzed oxidation and photocatalysis
- Factors influencing laccase immobilization
- Physiochemical properties of laccases
- Immobilization carriers
- Immobilization conditions
- Reactor configurations for laccase-based treatment of wastewater
- Costs and competitiveness of laccase-based treatment of wastewater
- (Eco)toxicity of immobilization carrier materials
- Challenges and future outlook
- Conclusion
- Chapter 9. In silico bioprospecting and engineering laccases: Methods and applications
- Introduction
- Molecular determinants of reactivity in laccases
- Characterization of laccase activity. The computational protocol
- In silico laccase engineering, putting the protocol to work
- On demand bioprospecting with our computational protocol
- Keep an eye on AI
- Property design, not everything is about high catalytic rates
- Conclusion
- Author Index
- Subject Index
- No. of pages: 472
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 30, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443133015
- eBook ISBN: 9780443133008
IL
Ivanhoe K.H. Leung
Dr. Leung is a Senior Lecturer in Biological Chemistry at the University of Melbourne. Dr. Leung attained his undergraduate and doctorate degrees at the University of Oxford, and began his independent research career at the University of Auckland in 2013. In 2018, he was appointed co-Deputy Director of the Centre for Green Chemistry Science at the University of Auckland. In 2021, Dr. Leung joined the University of Melbourne, where he is now part of the School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute.
Dr. Leung’s research focuses on the study of enzyme structure, function, and modulation with an aim to help solve some of the world’s most urgent challenges in health and sustainability. One of his main research interests is the study of multi-copper oxidase including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and laccase.
Affiliations and expertise
School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, AustraliaRead Laccase and Polyphenol Oxidase on ScienceDirect