Isotope Dilution Analysis

Contents

Preface


1. Principles, Types and Theory of Isotope Dilution Analysis

1.1. General Principles

1.2. Classification of the Methods of IDA

1.3. Types of IDA

1.3.1. Direct IDA

1.3.2. Reverse IDA

1.3.3. Derivative IDA

1.3.4. The Substoichiometric Principle in IDA

1.3.5. Double IDA

1.3.6. Other Types of IDA

1.4. Precision, Accuracy and Sensitivity of IDA

1.4.1. Precision

1.4.2. Accuracy

1.4.3. Sensitivity

1.5. Advantages, Drawbacks, Trends

1.6. References


2. Experimental Techniques, Separation and Mass Determination

2.1. Reagents and Tracers

2.2. Separation of Components

2.2.1. Separation by Precipitation

2.2.2. Separation by Ion Exchange

2.2.3. Separation by Paper Chromatography and by The Ring-Oven Technique

2.2.4. Separation by Solvent Extraction

2.2.5. Electrochemical Separation

2.2.6. Separation by Distllation

2.2.7. Separation by Adsorption

2.3. Determination of the Amount of Substance Separate

2.3.1. Gravimetry

2.3.2. Titrimetry

2.3.3. Colorimetry

2.3.4. Flame Photometry

2.3.5. Fluorometry

2.3.6. Radiometry

2.4. References


3. Inorganic Applications

3.1. Determination of Various Elements

3.2. Selected Procedures

3.2.1. Determination of 137Cs in Mixtures of Fission Products

3.2.2. Determination of Sulphate

3.2.3. Determination of Carbonate

3.2.4. Determination of Cobalt in Steels and Non-Ferrous Alloys

3.2.5. Determination of Strontium and Calcium in Mixtures

3.3. References


4. Applications in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

4.1. Alcohols and Ethers 127

4.2. Carboxylic Acids, Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides

4.3. Sulpho Derivatives

4.4. Proteins and Amino Acids

4.5. Steroids

4.6. Vitamin B12

4.7. Penicillin

4.8. Insecticides

4.9. Other Applications in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

4.10. References


5. Isotope Dilution Analysis with Stable Isotopes

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Methods for the Determination of Isotopic Composition. Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

5.3. Fundamentals and Technique

5.4. Practical Applications

5.4.1. Applications in Organic Chemistry

5.4.2. Applications in Inorganic Chemistry

5.4.3. Determination of Geological Age

5.5. References


6. Special Applications of Isotope Dilution

6.1. Volume Determination

6.1.1. Determination of Water in The Human Body

6.1.2. Determination of the Volume of the Extracellular Fluid

6.1.3. Determination of the Volume of Erythrocytes, Plasma and Blood

6.2. Determination of Solubility

6.3. Determination of Radioactive Contaminants

6.4. Determination of the Content of Isotopic Carriers in Radioactive Preparations

6.5. Determination of Dissociation Constants

6.6. Studies On Reaction Rates and Equilibria

6.7. Determination of the Capacity of Ion Exchangers

6.8. Determination of the Coefficient of Self-Absorption and of Specific Activity

6.9. Measurement of Flow Rates

6.10. References

Index