Introduction to Modern Biochemistry
- 2nd Edition - January 1, 1965
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Author: P Karlson
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 7 7 8 - 4
Introduction to Modern Biochemistry, Second Edition focuses on the methodologies, processes, reactions, and technologies involved in biochemistry. The publication first takes a… Read more
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Request a sales quoteIntroduction to Modern Biochemistry, Second Edition focuses on the methodologies, processes, reactions, and technologies involved in biochemistry. The publication first takes a look at organic chemistry and biochemistry, amino acids, and peptides. Discussions focus on the determination of amino acid sequence in peptides, naturally occurring peptides, chemical properties, separation of amino acids, hydrocarbons as parent substances, functional groups, polymeric compounds, and reactions with biochemical significance. The text then ponders on proteins, enzymes and biocatalysis, and coenzymes. The manuscript examines nucleic acids and protein biosynthesis, metabolism of proteins, and porphyrins and hemins. Topics include chemical constitution of heme, significance and reactions of blood pigment, metabolism of aromatic amino acids, degradation to activated fatty acids, decarboxylation of amino acids, and biosynthesis and degradation of nucleotides. The text also ponders on carbon dioxide formation in the citrate cycle, fats and fat metabolism, and phosphatides, cerebrosides, and gangliosides. The book is a valuable reference for biochemists and researchers interested in the processes, approaches, and technologies involved in biochemistry.
Foreword to the First EditionPreface to the Second EditionPreface to the First EditionIntroductionI Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry 1. Hydrocarbons as Parent Substances 2. Functional Groups 3. Polymeric Compounds 4. Isomerisms 5. Reactions with Biochemical Significance BibliographyII Amino Acids 1. Chemical Properties 2. Individual Amino Acids 3. Separation of Amino Acids BibliographyIII Peptides 1. Structure and Nomenclature 2. Determination of Amino Acid Sequence in Peptides 3. Naturally Occurring Peptides BibliographyIV Proteins 1. Structure of Proteins 2. Primary Structure 3. Secondary Structure 4. Tertiary Structure and Denaturation 5. Molecular Weights of Proteins 6. Colloidal Nature of Proteins 7. Purification and Check of Purity 8. Classification of Globular Proteins 9. Plasma Proteins BibliographyV Enzymes and Biocatalysis 1. Chemical Nature of Enzymes 2. Chemical Equilibria and Chemical Energetics 3. Catalysts and Enzymes 4. Dynamic Equilibrium and the Steady State 5. Energetic Coupling and Energy-Rich Compounds 6. Specificity of Enzyme Catalysis 7. Michaelis' Theory 8. The Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis 9. Conditions for Enzyme Activity 10. Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes BibliographyVI Coenzymes 1. Coenzymes and Prosthetic Groups 2. Coenzymes and Vitamins 3. Structure and Classification of Coenzymes 4. Coenzymes of the Oxidoreductases 5. Group-Transferring Coenzymes 6. Coenzymes of Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases BibliographyVII Nucleic Acids and Protein Biosynthesis 1. Bases, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides 2. Biosynthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides 3. Structure of Nucleic Acids 4. Deoxyribonucleic Acid as Carrier of Genetic Information 5. The Transfer of Information: Biosynthesis of DNA and RNA 6. Protein Biosynthesis 7. Mode of Action of Genes 8. Biochemistry of Viruses 9. Nucleic Acid-Cleaving Enzymes and Phosphatases BibliographyVIII Metabolism of Proteins 1. Proteolytic Enzymes 2. Endopeptidases 3. Exopeptidases and Dipeptidases 4. Outline of the Metabolism of Amino Acids 5. Decarboxylation of Amino Acids 6. Transamination 7. Oxidative Deamination 8. Urea Cycle 9. Fate of the Carbon Skeleton of Amino Acids 10. Degradation to Activated Fatty Acids: Oxidative Decarboxylation 11. Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids 12. Amino Acids Supplying C1 Fragments 13. Ketoglutaric Acid or C4-Dicarboxylic-Acid-Supplying Amino Acids BibliographyIX Porphyrins and Hemins 1. Biosynthesis of the Porphyrin System 2. Chemical Constitution of Heme 3. Multiplicity of Porphyrin Catalysis 4. The Significance and Reactions of Blood Pigment 5. Degradation of the Blood Pigment 6. Cytochromes, Catalases, and Peroxidases. Chlorophyll BibliographyX Biologic Oxidation—Metabolism of Oxygen 1. Combustion and Biologic Oxidation 2. Oxidation as a Loss of Electrons 3. The Redox Potential 4. The Respiratory Chain 5. The Electron-Transport Particles 6. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Respiratory Chain Phosphorylation) 7. Other Oxygen-Activating Enzymes BibliographyXI Carbon Dioxide Formation in the Citrate Cycle 1. Significance of the Citrate Cycle 2. The Individual Steps 3. Energy Yield of the Citrate Cycle 4. Relations to Synthetic Tasks. Glyoxylate Cycle BibliographyXII Fats and Fat Metabolism 1. Chemical Composition of Fats 2. Fats as Depot Material 3. β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids 4. Formation of Acetoacetate—"Ketogenesis 5. Metabolism of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids 6. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids BibliographyXIII Phosphatides, Cerebrosides, Gangliosides 1. Occurrence and Classification 2. Glycerophosphatides 3. Biosynthesis and Degradation of Glycerophosphatides 4. Sphingolipids BibliographyXIV Isoprenoid Lipids: Steroids and Carotenoids 1. Biosynthesis of Cholesterol 2. Nomenclature and Stereochemistry of the Steroids 3. Sterols and Plant Steroids 4. Vitamin D 5. Bile Acids 6. Steroid Hormones 7. Carotenoids 8. Vitamin A and Visual Purple 9. Tocopherol, Phylloquinone, Ubiquinone, and Plastoquinone BibliographyXV Simple Sugars, Monosaccharides 1. Nomenclature and Definitions 2. Hemiacetal Formulas 3. General Reactions of Monosaccharides 4. The Individual Sugars 5. Interconversion of Sugars 6. Glucose Oxidation Through the Pentose Phosphate Cycle 7. Glycolysis and Alcoholic Fermentation 8. The Metabolism of Fructose 9. Aerobic Carbohydrate Breakdown 10. Resynthesis of Glucose: Gluconeogenesis BibliographyXVI Photosynthesis 1. Importance of Photosynthesis 2. Photophosphorylation 3. Photolysis of Water 4. Binding of CO2 and Reduction to Carbohydrate 5. Further Synthetic Activities of Plants BibliographyXVII Glycosides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides 1. The Glycoside Bond 2. Disaccharides 3. Enzymic Cleavage of Oligosaccharides 4. Biosynthesis of Glycosides and Oligosaccharides 5. Polysaccharides: Homoglycanes 6. Enzymic Breakdown of Polysaccharides 7. Mucopolysaccharides BibliographyXVIII Correlations in Intermediary Metabolism 1. Metabolism of Carbohydrates 2. Metabolism of Fatty Acids 3. Citrate Cycle and Respiratory Chain 4. Metabolism of Proteins 5. The Common Pool of Intermediary Metabolism BibliographyXIX Topochemistry of the Cell 1. The Nucleus of the Cell 2. The Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Mitochondria 4. The Cytoplasm 5. Significance of the Compartments BibliographyXX Hormones 1. Principle of Hormonal Regulation 2. Adrenocortical Hormones 3. Gonadal Hormones 4. Thryroid Hormones 5. Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla 6. The Hormone of the Pineal Gland 7. The Parathyroid Hormone 8. The Pancreatic Hormones 9. Hypophyseal Hormones 10. Hormonal Regulation of Blood Glucose 11. Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle 12. Tissue Hormones 13. Hormones of Invertebrates 14. Pheromones 15. Growth Substances of Plants BibliographyXXI Mineral Metabolism 1. Water Balance 2. Water as Solvent 3. Active Transport 4. Acid-Base Equilibrium 5. Metabolism of Alkali and of Chloride 6. Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism 7. Iron and Zinc BibliographyXXII Nutrition and Vitamins 1. Caloric Value and ATP Yield 2. Essential Food Components 3. Vitamins 4. Fat-Soluble Vitamins 5. Water-Soluble Vitamins BibliographyXXIII Special Biochemical Functions of Certain Organs 1. The Digestive Tract 2. The Liver 3. Blood 4. Kidney and Urine 5. Other Excretion Products 6. Biochemistry of Muscles 7. Biochemistry of Nerve Conduction 8. Summary BibliographyAppendixIndex
- Edition: 2
- Published: January 1, 1965
- No. of pages (eBook): 456
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN: 9781483267784
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