Introduction to Electronics

Preface1. DC Circuits 1.1 Resistance 1.2 Some Useful Relations 1.8 Galvanometer 1.4 Voltmeter 1.5 Loading 1.6 Ammeter 1.7 Internal Resistance 1.8 Ohmmeter 1.9 Multirange Ohmmeter 1.10 Low-Resistance Ohmmeter 1.11 Positive and Negative Current 1.12 Branch-Current Method 1.13 Loop-Current Method 1.14 Thévenin's Theorem 1.15 Power 1.16 The Principle of Superposition Problems2. AC Circuits 2.1 Sinusoidal Voltage and Current 2.2 Wave Form 2.3 Resistive Load 2.4 Instantaneous Power 2.5 Average Power 2.6 Differential Properties of R, L and C 2.7 Phasor Concept 2.8 Average Power when Phase Angle is Not Zero 2.9 The Complex Plane 2.10 Z as a Complex Quantity 2.11 Numerical Examples 2.12 Parallel Circuits Problems3. Filters and Tuned Circuits 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Frequency Response 3.8 Low-Pass Filters 3.4 High-Pass Filters 3.5 Tuned Circuits 3.6 Band Width 3.7 Parallel Tuned Circuits 3.8 Bandpass Circuits 3.9 Band Rejection Filters or Wave Traps Problems4. Diodes 4.1 Vacuum Diodes 4.2 Carrier Production 4.3 Thermionic Emission 4.4 Field Emission 4.5 Photoelectric Emission 4.6 Secondary Emission 4.7 DC Characteristics of the Thermionic Vacuum Diode 4.8 Dynamic Transfer Curve 4.9 Conduction in Solids—Energy-Band Picture 4.10 Doping of Semiconductors 4.11 Junction Diodes 4.12 The Gas Diode 4.13 The Thyratron Problems5. Power Supplies 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Rectification 5.3 Transients in RC Circuits 5.4 Simple RC filter 5.5 Choke Input Filter 5.6 Capacitor Input Filter 5.7 Voltage Dividers 5.8 VR Tube Regulator Circuit 5.9 Bridge Circuit 5.10 Voltage Doublers Problems6. Vacuum Tubes—Graphical (Triodes and Pentodes) 6.1 Triodes 6.2 Triode Action 6.3 DC Characteristics of a Triode 6.4 AC Characteristics of a Triode 6.5 Graphical Determination of AC Characteristics 6.6 Amplifier with Resistive Load 6.7 Transfer Curve 6.8 Effect of RL on Av 6.9 RC Coupling 6.10 Biasing Methods 6.11 Class of Amplification 6.12 Pentodes Problems7. Voltage Amplifiers—Analytic 7.1 AC Voltage-Equivalent Circuit 7.2 Voltage Gain as a Function of RL 7.8 Interelectrode Capacitance 7.4 Miller Capacitance 7.5 AC Equivalent Circuit as a Function of Frequency 7.6 Low-Frequency Range 7.7 Intermediate Frequency Range 7.8 High-Frequency Range 7.9 Band Width of RC-Coupled Voltage Amplifier 7.10 Input and Output Impedance 7.11 Cathode Follower Problems8. Power Amplifiers 8.1 Need for Power Amplifiers 8.2 Output Transformer 8.3 Power Amplifier Tubes and Circuits 8.4 Nonlinear Operation 8.5 Graphical Solution 8.6 Analytical Approach 8.7 Push-Pull Operation 8.8 Phase Splitters 8.9 A Brief Study of Four Audio Amplifiers Problems9. Oscillators 9.1 Oscillators 9.2 Phase-Shift Oscillator 9.3 Tickler-Coil Oscillator 9.4 Hartley Oscillator 9.5 Crystal Oscillator—The Pierce Oscillator 9.6 Multivibrator—Square-Wave Oscillator 9.7 Blocking Oscillator 9.8 Sawtooth Oscillator Problems10. Pulse and Wave Shaping 10.1 Clipping Circuits 10.2 Grid Limiting 10.3 Clamping 10.4 RC-Coupling of Square Waves 10.5 Triggered Free-Running Multivibrator 10.6 Single-Shot Multivibrator 10.7 Single-Shot Multivibrator (Positive Grid Return) 10.8 Production of Delayed Pulses 10.9 Gate Voltages 10.10 Delayed Gate 10.11 Coincidence Circuits Problems11. Transistors—Graphical 11.1 Transistor Action 11.2 Practical Considerations 11.3 DC Characteristics for the Grounded Emitter Configuration 11.4 Graphical Construction for the Grounded Emitter Configuration 11.5 Biasing the Grounded Emitter 11.6 DC Characteristics for the Grounded Base Configuration 11.7 Graphical Construction for the Grounded Base Configuration 11.8 Biasing the Grounded Base 11.9 Graphical Construction for the Grounded Collector Configuration 11.10 Biasing the Grounded Collector 11.11 Temperature Effects 11.12 Remote Temperature Indicator Problems12. Transistors—Analytical 12.1 Four-Terminal Networks 12.2 AC Equivalent Circuits 12.3 Hybrid Parameters 12.4 T Type of Equivalent Circuit 12.5 Transformation Equations 12.6 AC Equivalent-Circuit Calculations 12.7 Grounded Emitter Configuration 12.8 The Grounded Base Configuration 12.9 The Grounded Collector Configuration 12.10 Effect of Degenerative Feedback 12.11 Summary of Equations Problems13. Multistage and Power-Amplifier Circuits 18.1 Impedance Matching 18.2 Calculation of Overall Gain—Single Stage 18.3 Overall Gain—Multistage Amplifiers 18.4 Interelectrode Capacitance 13.5 Frequency Response 13.6 Power Amplifiers 13.7 Single-Ended Power Amplifier 13.8 Push-Pull Power Amplifiers 13.9 Phase Splitters 13.10 Complementary Symmetry 13.11 The Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Problems14. Oscilloscope and Its Uses—Electronic Regulated Power Supply 14.l The Oscilloscope 14.2 The Cathode-Ray Tube 14.3 Formation of Wave Forms 14.4 Block Diagram of a Basic Oscilloscope 14.5 Basic Circuits 14.6 Oscilloscope Applications 14.7 Electronically Voltage-Regulated Power Supply 14.8 Voltage Regulator—DC Calculations 14.9 Voltage Regulator—AC Calculations, ProblemsAppendix I Trigonometric FunctionsAppendix II ez, e-xAppendix III Transistor Conversion FormulaAppendix IV Tube and Transistor CharacteristicsAnswersIndex