Introduction to Biomedical Engineering

1. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

1.1 EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

1.2 THE MODERN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

1.3 WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

1.4 ROLES PLAYED BY BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS

1.5 PROFESSIONAL STATUS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

1.6 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
EXERCISES
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING


2. MORAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES

2.1 MORALITY AND ETHICS: A DEFINITION OF TERMS

2.2 TWO MORAL NORMS: BENEFICENCE AND NONMALEFICENCE

2.3 REDEFINING DEATH

2.4 THE TERMINALLY ILL PATIENT AND EUTHANASIA

2.5 TAKING CONTROL

2.6 HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION

2.7 DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENTATION

2.8 INFORMED CONSENT

2.9 REGULATION OF MEDICAL DEVICE INNOVATION

2.10 MARKETING MEDICAL DEVICES

2.11 ETHICAL ISSUES IN FEASIBILITY STUDIES

2.12 ETHICAL ISSUES IN EMERGENCY USE

2.13 ETHICAL ISSUES IN TREATMENT USE

2.14 THE ROLE OF THE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER IN THE FDA PROCESS
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


3. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 CELLULAR ORGANIZATION

3.3 Tissues

3.4 MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS

3.5 HOMEOSTASIS
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


4. BIOMECHANICS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 BASIC MECHANICS

4.3 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

4.4 VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES

4.5 CARTILAGE, LIGAMENT, TENDON, AND MUSCLE

4.6 CLINICAL GAIT ANALYSIS

4.7 CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICS
Exercises
SUGGESTED READING


5. REHABILITATION ENGINEERING AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 THE HUMAN COMPONENT

5.3 PRINCIPLES OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

5.4 PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION ENGINEERING

5.5 PRACTICE OF REHABILITATION ENGINEERING AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


6. BIOMATERIALS

6.1 MATERIALS IN MEDICINE: FROM PROSTHETICS TO REGENERATION

6.2 BIOMATERIALS: PROPERTIES, TYPES, AND APPLICATIONS

6.3 LESSONS FROM NATURE ON BIOMATERIAL DESIGN AND SELECTION

6.4 TISSUE–BIOMATERIAL INTERACTIONS

6.5 GUIDING TISSUE REPAIR WITH BIO-INSPIRED BIOMATERIALS

6.6 SAFETY TESTING AND REGULATION OF BIOMATERIALS

6.7 APPLICATION-SPECIFIC STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN AND SELECTION OF BIOMATERIALS
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


7. TISSUE ENGINEERING

7.1 WHAT IS TISSUE ENGINEERING?

7.2 BIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

7.3 PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

7.4 SCALING UP

7.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF TISSUE ENGINEERED PRODUCTS

7.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS: FUNCTIONAL TISSUE ENGINEERING AND THE “-OMICS” SCIENCES

7.7 CONCLUSIONS

7.8 Glossary
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


8. BIOINSTRUMENTATION

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 BASIC BIOINSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM

8.3 CHARGE, CURRENT, VOLTAGE, POWER, AND ENERGY

8.4 RESISTANCE

8.5 LINEAR NETWORK ANALYSIS

8.6 LINEARITY AND SUPERPOSITION

8.7 THÉVENIN’S THEOREM

8.8 INDUCTORS

8.9 CAPACITORS

8.10 A GENERAL APPROACH TO SOLVING CIRCUITS INVOLVING RESISTORS, CAPACITORS, AND INDUCTORS

8.11 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

8.12 TIME-VARYING SIGNALS

8.13 ACTIVE ANALOG FILTERS

8.14 BIOINSTRUMENTATION DESIGN
Exercises
SUGGESTED READING


9. BIOMEDICAL SENSORS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 BIOPOTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS

9.3 PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS

9.4 BLOOD GASES AND PH SENSORS

9.5 BIOANALYTICAL SENSORS

9.6 OPTICAL BIOSENSORS
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


10. BIOSIGNAL PROCESSING

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL ORIGINS OF BIOSIGNALS

10.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOSIGNALS

10.4 SIGNAL ACQUISITION

10.5 FREQUENCY DOMAIN REPRESENTATION OF BIOLOGICAL SIGNALS

10.5.5 Properties of the Fourier Transform

10.6 LINEAR SYSTEMS

10.7 SIGNAL AVERAGING

10.8 WAVELET TRANSFORM AND SHORT-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM

10.9 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


11. BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 HISTORY

11.3 NEURONS

11.4 BASIC BIOPHYSICS TOOLS AND RELATIONSHIPS

11.5 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL FOR THE CELL MEMBRANE

11.6 HODGKIN–HUXLEY MODEL OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL

11.7 MODEL OF THE WHOLE NEURON
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


12. PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELING

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 COMPARTMENTAL MODELING

12.3 AN OVERVIEW OF THE FAST EYE MOVEMENT SYSTEM

12.4 WESTHEIMER SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT MODEL

12.5 THE SACCADE CONTROLLER

12.6 DEVELOPMENT OF AN OCULOMOTOR MUSCLE MODEL

12.7 A LINEAR MUSCLE MODEL

12.8 A LINEAR HOMEOMORPHIC SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT MODEL

12.9 A TRUER LINEAR HOMEOMORPHIC SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT MODEL

12.10 SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


13. GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 CORE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIES

13.3 CORE BIOINFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES

13.4 CONCLUSION
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


14. COMPUTATIONAL CELL BIOLOGY AND COMPLEXITY

14.1 COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

14.2 THE MODELING PROCESS

14.3 BIONETWORKS

14.4 INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEXITY THEORY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


15. RADIATION IMAGING

15.1 INTRODUCTION

15.2 EMISSION IMAGING SYSTEMS

15.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND IMAGING DEVICES

15.4 RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING SYSTEMS
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


16. MEDICAL IMAGING

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.2 DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING

16.3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

16.4 COMPARISON OF IMAGING MODES
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING


17. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS AND LASERS

17.1 INTRODUCTION TO ESSENTIAL OPTICAL PRINCIPLES

17.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF LIGHT PROPAGATION IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUE

17.3 Physical Interaction of Light and Physical Sensing

17.4 BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES USING LIGHT

17.5 Fundamentals of Photothermal Therapeutic Effects of Lasers

17.6 FIBER OPTICS AND WAVEGUIDES IN MEDICINE

17.7 BIOMEDICAL OPTICAL IMAGING
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED READING

APPENDIX
A.1 MATLAB
A.2 Solving Differential Equations Using MATLAB
A.3 BLOCK DIAGRAMS AND SIMULINK
A.4 SIMULINK