Introduction to Applied Thermodynamics
The Commonwealth and International Library: Mechanical Engineering Division
- 1st Edition - January 1, 1965
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Author: R. M. Helsdon
- Editors: N. Hiller, G. E. Walker
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 1 7 2 0 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 9 6 2 - 2
Introduction to Applied Thermodynamics is an introductory text on applied thermodynamics and covers topics ranging from energy and temperature to reversibility and entropy, the… Read more
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Request a sales quoteIntroduction to Applied Thermodynamics is an introductory text on applied thermodynamics and covers topics ranging from energy and temperature to reversibility and entropy, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and the properties of ideal gases. Standard air cycles and the thermodynamic properties of pure substances are also discussed, together with gas compressors, combustion, and psychrometry. This volume is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the concept of energy as well as the macroscopic and molecular approaches to thermodynamics. The following chapters focus on temperature, entropy, and standard air cycles, along with gas compressors, combustion, psychrometry, and the thermodynamic properties of pure substances. Steam and steam engines, internal combustion engines, and refrigeration are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to heat transfer by conduction, radiation, and convection. The transfer of heat energy between fluids flowing through concentric pipes is described. This book will appeal to mechanical engineers and students as well as those interested in applied thermodynamics.
Preface
Chapter 1 Energy
Symbols
Matter
Macroscopic and Molecular Approach
Energy
Random and Non-Random Energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Strain Energy
Electrical Energy
Thermal Energy
Chemical Energy
Radiant Energy
Nuclear Energy
Conservation of Matter and Energy
Systems
Isolated System
Closed System
Open System
Surroundings
Transfer of Energy
Internal Energy
Energy Units
Chapter 2 Temperature
An Ideal Gas
Ideal Gas Pressure
Pressure Rise
Constant Volume Gas Thermometer
Helium Gas Thermometer
Other Forms of Thermometer
Other Temperature Scales
International Temperature Scale
Two Ideal Gases at the Same Temperature
Chapter 3 Reversibility, Properties and Entropy
Reversible and Irreversible Changes
Reversible Processes
Thermal Equilibrium
Properties
Physical Changes on a Graph
Entropy
Definition of Entropy Change
Chapter 4 First Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law
Conservation of Energy Applied to a Closed System
Special Cases
Conservation of Energy Applied to an Open System
Applications of the Flow Process Energy Equation
Total Head Enthalpy, Temperature and Pressure
Chapter 5 The Properties of Ideal Gases
The Ideal Gas Laws
The Pound-Molecule
Avogadro's Law and Number
Universal Gas Constant
Identity of Behavior
Standard Temperature and Pressure
Normal Temperature and Pressure
Standard Cubic Feet
Alternative Approach to Boyle's and Charles' Laws and Avogadro's Law
Joule's Law
The Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas
Molecular Specific Heats
The p-V Diagram
Relationship between cv, cp and R
Ratio of Specific Heats
Reversible Changes of an Ideal Gas
Isometric
Isobaric
Isothermal
Isentropic
Polytropic
Gas Mixtures
Mean Molecular Mass
Gas Constant
Specific Heats
Partial Pressures
Examples and Problems
Chapter 6 Standard Air Cycles
Standard Air Cycles
Otto Cycle
Joule or Brayton Cycle
Diesel Cycle
Examples and Problems
Chapter 7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law
The Carnot Cycle
Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
Chapter 8 Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances
Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances
T-v Diagram
p-T Diagram
p-V Diagram
T-s Diagram
h-s Diagram
Note on Triple-point
Note on Critical Temperature
Chapter 9 Entropy Changes
Isentropic Change
Isothermal Change
Isobaric Change
Isometric Change
Change of Entropy during Irreversible Processes
Unresisted Expansion
Conduction of Heat
Adiabatic Throttling Process
Throttling Process of a Wet Vapor
Derivation of Carnot Efficiency by Entropy
Examples and Problems
Chapter 10 Gas Compressors
Gas Compressors
Piston or Reciprocating Compressors
First Method
Isothermal Efficiency
The Best Value of n
Volumetric Efficiency
Second Method
Adiabatic Compression
Isentropic Efficiency
Centrifugal Compressors
Simplified Theory
p-V and T-S Diagrams for Centrifugal Compressors
Axial Flow Compressors
Displacement Compressors
Examples and Problems
Chapter 11 Combustion
Composition of Air
Sources of Heat Energy
Calorific Value of a Fuel
Higher and Lower Calorific Values
Combustion Equations
Chemical Formula for Air
Stoichiometric Mixture
More Detailed Investigation into Combustion
Combustion at Constant Volume
Combustion at Constant Pressure
Combustion under Adiabatic Flow Process Conditions
Theoretical Temperature of Combustion
Examples and Problems
Chapter 12 Psychrometry
Humidity
Superheated Vapor
Dew Point
Relative Humidity
Psychrometric Chart
Construction
Saturation Line
Constant Relative Humidity Lines
Constant Enthalpy Lines
Constant Dew Point Lines
Examples and Problems
Chapter 13 Internal Combustion Engines
The Internal Combustion Engine
Piston Type Spark Ignition
The Carburettor
Ignition
Valve Timing
Suction Stroke
Cooling System
Detonation, Octane Number, Pre-Ignition
Piston Type Compression Ignition
Engine Performance
Fuel Horsepower
Brake Horsepower
Indicated Horsepower
Friction Horsepower
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
Cooling Water Horsepower
Exhaust Horsepower
Radiation and Error Horsepower
Power Balance
Engine Efficiencies
Specific Work
Example
Gas Turbine
Isentropic Efficiency
Examples and Problems
Chapter 14 Steam and Steam Engines
Properties of Steam and Steam Generation
Wet Steam
Dryness Fraction
Wetness Fraction
Enthalpy of Wet Steam
Specific Volume
Internal Energy
Determination of the Enthalpy of Steam
Entropy of Steam
Throttling Process for Wet Steam
Isentropic Expansion of Wet Steam
Steam Generators or Boilers
Boiler Efficiency
Equivalent Evaporation
Steam Engine Plant
Rankine Cycle
Rankine Efficiency
Efficiency Ratio
Improvements to the Rankine Cycle
Regenerative Cycle
Superheating
Raising the Boiler Pressure
Reheating
Reciprocating Steam Engines
Ideal Engine Indicator Diagram
Actual Mean Effective Pressure
Diagram Factor
Cylinder Dimensions
Nozzles
Nozzle Efficiency
Determination of ∆h
Impulse and Reaction Turbines—Basic Principles
Impulse Turbine
Velocity Diagram
Single Stage
Two Stage
Diagram Efficiency
Maximum Efficiency
Axial Thrust
Reaction Turbines
Degree of Reaction
Electric Power Generating Stations
Examples and Problems
Chapter 15 Refrigeration
Refrigeration
Vapor-Compression Refrigeration
Coefficient of Performance
p-h Diagram
Unit of Refrigeration Capacity
Maximum Value of Q1
Vapor-Absorption Refrigerator
Platen-Munters Refrigerator
Heat Pump
Examples and Problems
Chapter 16 Heat Transfer
Heat Transfer
Conduction
Applications
Infinite Flat Plate
Sandwich of Flat Plates
Thick Cylindrical Pipe
Thick Composite Pipe
Thick Spherical Vessel
Composite Spherical Vessel
Heat Flow between Fluids Flowing through Concentric Pipes
Radiation
Energy Spectrum
Reflectivity, Absorptivity and Transmissivity
Emissivity
Connection between ε and α
Heat Transfer by Convection
Examples and Problems
Answers
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 1965
- Imprint: Pergamon
- No. of pages: 202
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9781483117201
- eBook ISBN: 9781483149622
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