International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

Series Editors

Contributors

Chapter One. New Insights into Mechanisms of Stem Cell Daughter Fate Determination in Regenerative Tissues

1 Introduction

2 Stem Cells in Invertebrate Model Systems

3 Characteristics of Mammalian Stem Cells

4 Cancer Cell Dynamics with the Stochastic Cell-State Transition Model

5 Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Stem Cells in Culture

6 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter Two. Insights into Skeletal Muscle Development and Applications in Regenerative Medicine

1 Introduction

2 Developmental Myogenesis

3 Muscle Stem Cell Lineages

4 Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Myogenesis

5 Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Toward Skeletal Muscle

6 Regenerative Myogenesis in Adult Muscle

7 Modeling Muscular Dystrophy and Potential Therapeutic Approaches

8 Conclusions

References

Chapter Three. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neuronal Dystonin

1 Introduction to the Cytoskeleton and Cytoskeletal Linking Proteins

2 Dystonin Gene Organization and Isoform Diversity

3 Structural and Molecular Properties of Dystonin

4 Expression and Subcellular Localization

5 Dystonin Deficiency in Murine and Cell Culture Models

6 Dystonin and Human Disease

7 Conclusion and Future Directions

References

Chapter Four. Kinase–Kinase Interaction and Modulation of Tau Phosphorylation

1 Introduction

2 Multisite Phosphorylation of Tau

3 Proteins of TPPC

4 Modulation of Tau Phosphorylation by a Topographical Mechanism

5 Synergism and Antagonism between Tau Kinases

6 Modulation of Tau Phosphorylation by A Temporal Mechanism

7 Implications of Modulatory Tau Phosphorylation

8 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter Five. New Insights into the Role of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) in Plants

1 Introduction

2 Sumoylation in Non-Plant Eukaryotes

3 Plant SUMOs

4 SUMO Cycle

5 SUMO Functions in Plants

6 Searching for SUMO Targets

7 Crosstalk between Sumoylation and Other Posttranslational Modifications

8 Perspectives

References

Chapter Six. Role of Melatonin and its Receptors in the Vertebrate Retina

1 Introduction

2 Phylogenic Relationship between Retina and Pineal Gland

3 Melatonin Biosynthesis in Retina

4 Melatonin Receptor Structure and Function

5 Cell Types and Organization of Visual Circuits in Retina

6 Expression of Melatonin Receptors in Retina

7 Physiological Actions of Melatonin in Retina

8 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter Seven. Photoinhibition of Photosystem II

1 Introduction

2 Kinetics, Action Spectrum and Light Response

3 Photoinhibition and Excitation of PSII Antenna

4 Photoinhibition and ROS

5 Photoinhibition Caused by Single-Turnover Flashes

6 Evaluation of the Hypotheses of the Mechanisms of Photoinhibition

7 How to Measure Photoinhibition

8 Concluding Remarks

References

Subject Index