International Perspectives on Public Transport Responses to COVID-19

International Perspectives on Public Transport Responses to COVID-19

International Perspectives on Public Transport Responses to COVID-19 examines the pandemic response of transport policymakers around the world and analyzes what can be learned to prepare for the next epidemic—or any other critical event that threatens transportation services. It combines theoretical analysis with a compendium of country-focused case studies to provide scientific evidence and decision-making support for the actions that each transportation official must make going forward.

This book begins with Part 1, a thematic and comparative section on response and recovery efforts. It provides insights into topics such as mitigation strategies and preparedness of the public transport sector to epidemics prior to COVID-19; responses during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery from it; public transport services in urban and rural areas during the pandemic; and social (or physical) distancing and any other protective on-board measures. Part 2 then offers a set of international case studies, wherein various authors from different countries review their governments’ and operators' responses. Each chapter is guided by a set of common research questions based on disaster mitigation theory. Part 3 then focuses on learnings and comparative analysis from the COVID-19 pandemic for future epidemic mitigation strategies in the public transport sector.

Governments, public transport authorities and operators, as well as students and researchers will learn what has and has not worked well during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights will help them to mitigate, prepare, respond, and recover from unexpected disruptive events like pandemics in the future.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
About WCTRS
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of abbreviations
Part 1. PT COVID-19 response and recovery
Chapter 1. Introduction—Public transport response to COVID-19 from a disaster management perspectives
1. Introduction—COVID-19 and public transport
2. The disaster management cycle
3. COVID-19 from a disaster management perspective
4. COVID-19 pandemic as a “disaster” for public transport
5. Concluding remarks and about this book
Chapter 2. Mitigation and preparedness for epidemic and pandemic
1. Introduction
2. Operation
3. Financing
4. Discussions and conclusions
Chapter 3. A very public responsibility: Governing public transport in the COVID-19 pandemic
1. Introduction
2. Politics, institutional arrangements, and the quality of public transport
3. How political and institutional conditions shaped urban public transport during the pandemic
4. Looking to the future: Uncertain prospects for public transport
5. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Comparison between COVID-19 responses among institutionalized and peripheral transport services: The case of Bangkok City, Thailand
1. Introduction
2. Different responsibilities and different pandemic responses
3. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 5. Modal share of public transport, COVID-19 responses and recovery
1. Introduction
2. Modal share
3. Passenger recovery
4. Service adaptation and slow recovery
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 6. Remote regions and COVID-19 restrictions caused transport impacts and responses
1. Introduction
2. Changes of travel demands to remote region
3. Organizational arrangement to keep the remote connection running
4. Learning and conclusion
Chapter 7. Psychological and behavioral changes in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
1. Introduction
2. Anxiety and personal response to COVID-19—an international comparison
3. Attitude changes over time—a panel survey in Tokyo
4. Conclusion, discussion questions
Chapter 8. Nonpharmaceutical interventions on public transport
1. Introduction
2. Nonpharmaceutical interventions on public transport
3. Where do we go from here?
Chapter 9. Work from home: A potential long-lasting legacy of COVID-19
1. Introduction
2. Commuters and public transport
3. Working from home and COVID-19
4. Work from home and new commuting travel demands
5. Concluding remarks
Chapter 10. Urban hubs as levers to improve the attractiveness of public transport in a post-COVID context: Insights from the Paris city region
1. Introduction
2. Multimodal hubs as the weak link of urban mobility
3. The governance of urban hubs: A complex collective action
4. Beyond the crisis: Hubs as priority matters of innovation
5. Conclusions
Part 2. Public transportation COVID-19 responses internationally
Part 2.1. Cities
Chapter 11. New Zealand's response to public transport during the COVID-19: A focus on Auckland
1. Introduction
2. Public transport planning in New Zealand
3. Public transport during COVID-19
4. Auckland's response and recovery to public transport during COVID-19
5. Conclusion and lessons learned
Chapter 12. COVID-19 public transport responses in Tokyo
1. Introduction
2. Public transport system in Tokyo
3. Mitigation strategy and preparedness
4. Response to COVID-19
5. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
6. Discussion and conclusion
Chapter 13. COVID-19 public transport responses in Taipei and Kaohsiung
1. Introduction
2. Background information about Taiwan
3. Lessons learned from SARS applied during the COVID-19 pandemic
4. Impact of COVID-19 on public transport operators and ridership
5. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 14. Measures and guidelines of public transport in response to COVID-19 in Seoul, South Korea
1. Introduction
2. Background information
3. Public transport system in Seoul and South Korea
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19
6. Recovery from COVID-19
7. Conclusions
Chapter 15. Public transportation and COVID-19 in Beijing, Wuhang and cities in Guangdong Province, China
1. Introduction
2. About China
3. Public transport and COVID-19 impact in China
4. Epidemic mitigation and preparedness
5. Response to COVID-19
6. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
7. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 16. Public transport responses to COVID-19 in Germany and Austria with a focus on Berlin and Vienna
1. Introduction
2. Background information
3. Public transport system in the country/the city
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19
6. Expert survey on public transport and COVID-19
7. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
8. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 17. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport in South Africa—A Cape Town study
1. Introduction
2. The South African context
3. Public transport in South Africa
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19
6. The impact of the pandemic on specific modes of transport
7. The way forward for public transport in South Africa: Post-COVID-19 recovery and beyond
Part 2.2. Countries
Chapter 18. The Australian public transport sector before, during, and after the arrival of COVID-19
1. Introduction
2. Preparedness and mitigation measures in place
3. Response
4. Recovery
5. Summary—where to next for the public transport system
Chapter 19. The impact of COVID-19 and mitigation measures for public transport in Thailand
1. Introduction
2. Thailand policy and measures in response to COVID-19
3. Impacts and recovery
4. Key learning for future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 20. COVID-19 public transport responses in Turkey
1. Introduction
2. Changing traveler behavior: Case study in Turkey
3. Mitigation strategy and preparedness
4. Response to COVID-19
5. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
6. Conclusions
Chapter 21. COVID-19 impacts on public transport services in Hungary
1. Introduction
2. Background information about Hungary
3. Public transport system in Hungary
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19
6. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
7. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 22. Public transport responses during COVID-19 in the Republic of Croatia
1. Introduction
2. About Croatia
3. Public transport system in Croatia
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19
6. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
7. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 23. COVID-19 responses in the Czech Republic
1. Introduction
2. Background information about the Czech Republic
3. Public transport system in the Czech Republic
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19
6. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
7. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
Chapter 24. Response of public transport in France to the COVID-19 pandemic
1. Introduction
2. Public transport system in France
3. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport
4. Response to COVID-19
5. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
6. Learning and knowledge outcomes for stress mitigation and repair
Chapter 25. COVID-19 response in Italy: Focus on public transport
1. Introduction
2. Italy and COVID-19: Overview of impacts
3. Public transport in Italy: A general overview
4. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
5. Response to COVID-19 and implications on public transport
6. Focus: Local public transport in Rome
7. Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
8. Conclusions
Chapter 26. Public transport responses to COVID-19 in Belgium
1. Introduction
2. Public transport in Belgium
3. Epidemic mitigation strategy and preparedness before COVID-19
4. Response to COVID-19
5. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
6. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
7. Concluding remarks
Chapter 27. Public transport responses to COVID-19 in the United Kingdom
1. Introduction
2. The public transport system of the United Kingdom
3. Strategies in response to COVID-19 in the United Kingdom
4. Recovery from COVID-19 pandemic
5. Learning and knowledge outcomes toward future mitigation and preparedness
6. Conclusions
Chapter 28. Public transport responses to COVID-19 in the United States
1. Introduction
2. Public transportation in California
3. Timeline of impacts of the pandemic
4. Response of public transportation agencies during the pandemic
5. Recovery
6. Summary and conclusions
7. Recommendations
Part 3. Conclusions and recommendations toward epidemic-resilient public transport
Chapter 29. Build-back-better toward future resiliency and post-COVID transport systems
1. Introduction
2. Building better preparedness
3. Build public transport back better for post-COVID normalcy
4. Conclusion
Index

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International Perspectives on Public Transport Responses to COVID-19

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Takeru Shibayama

Guenter Emberger