Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies

1. An overview of IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 1.1 Introduction of IGCC
• 1.2 Layouts of key IGCC components and processes
• Detailed Description of Each Process and Component
• 1.4 Gasifiers
• 1.5 Syngas cooling
• 1.6 Gas cleanup system
• 1.7 WGS application for pre-combustion CO₂ capture
• 1.8 Combined cycle power island
• 1.9 Economics
• 1.10 Cogasification of coal/biomass
• 1.11 Polygeneration
• 1.12 Conclusion
• Nomenclatures and acronyms
• References
• Biography

Part I: Fuel types for use in IGCC systems

2. Utilization of coal in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Integrated gasification combined cycle demonstration systems
• 2.3 Characteristics of coals
• 2.4 Comparison of high-rank coals versus low-rank coals properties for IGCC applications
• 2.5 Coal preparation
• 2.6 Feeding system
• 2.7 Influence of coal rank on gasifier operation
• 2.8 Utilization of other feedstocks in IGCC
• 2.9 Areas for improvement in gasification for viable use of IGCC technology
• References
• Biography

3. Petroleum coke (petcoke) and refinery residues

• Abstract
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Overview of petroleum coke for use in gasification plants
• 3.3 Overview of the refinery residues for use in gasification plants
• 3.4 Integration of refineries with gasification plants
• 3.5 Conclusions
• Further Reading
• Biography

4. Biomass feedstock for IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Biomass feedstocks for gasification
• 4.3 Preparation of biomass for gasification
• 4.4 IGCC Technology options for biomass fuels
• 4.5 Conclusions
• Nomenclatures and acronyms
• References
• Biographies

5. Municipal wastes and other potential fuels for use in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 5.1 Municipal solid waste and gasification technology
• 5.2 Plasma gasification technology
• 5.3 Commercial facilities (WPC plasma gasification technology)
• 5.4 Process description-IPGCC power plant
• 5.5 Environmental considerations
• 5.6 Summary/Observations
• References
• Biography

Part II: Syngas production and cooling

6. Gasification fundamentals

• Abstract
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Characterization of fuels
• 6.3 Classification of fuels
• 6.4 Moisture evaporation
• 6.5 Pyrolysis and volatiles release
• 6.6 Heterogenous reactions
• 6.7 Mineral matter transformations and ash deposition
• 6.8 Syngas composition
• 6.9 Air-blown versus oxygen blown
• 6.10 Summary
• References
• Biography

7. Effect of coal nature on the gasification process

• Abstract
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Effect of coal properties on the gasification process
• 7.3 Concluding Remarks
• Acknowledgment
• References
• Biography

8. Major gasifiers for IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Brief overview of the gasification process
• 8.3 Generic gasifier characteristics
• 8.4 Commercial entrained flow gasifiers
• 8.5 The General Electric gasifier
• 8.6 The Shell coal gasification process
• 8.7 The Siemens fuel gasification technology
• 8.8 The CB&I E-Gas coal gasification process
• 8.9 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems gasification technology
• 8.10 The Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions PRENFLO coal gasification process
• 8.11 Commercial fluid bed gasifiers
• 8.12 The HTW fluid bed gasifier
• 8.13 The Kellogg Brown and Root transport gasifier (TRIG)
• 8.14 Commercial fixed (moving) bed gasifiers
• 8.15 Chinese gasifiers
• 8.16 East China University of Science and Technology opposed multiple burner gasifier
• 8.17 The TPRI gasifier
• 8.18 Emerging technologies, and novel concepts
• 8.19 The AR/ GTI compact gasifier
• 8.20 Chemical looping gasification
• 8.21 Summary and conclusions
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Biography

9. Syngas cooling in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 9.1 Introduction: purpose of cooling syngas after gasification
• 9.2 Thermodynamic aspects of syngas cooling
• 9.3 Methods of high temperature cooling
• 9.4 Low- temperature cooling and syngas saturation
• 9.5 Potential of high temperature gas clean-up
• 9.6 Impact on the power cycle
• References
• Biography

Part III: Syngas cleaning, separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment

10. Wet scrubbing and gas filtration of syngas in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Contaminants removal of coal-based IGCC systems
• 10.3 Contaminants removal from biomass-based IGCC systems
• 10.4 Efficiency of IGCC systems as related to WS/PR
• 10.5 New technologies
• References
• Biography

11. Acid gas removal from syngas in IGCC plants

• Abstract
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Chemical solvents
• 11.3 Physical solvents
• 11.4 Hybrid solvents
• 11.5 Warm gas cleanup technologies
• 11.6 Other technologies
• 11.7 Applications of AGR technologies in commercial IGCC plants
• 11.8 Impact of sulfur recovery technology on the selection of the AGR technology
• 11.9 Conclusions
• References
• Biography

12. Hydrogen production in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 12.1 Introduction: hydrogen coproduction in integrated gasification combined cycle systems
• 12.2 Processes for hydrogen production from IGCC
• 12.3 Advanced concepts for hydrogen production
• 12.4 Advantage of hydrogen coproduction in IGCC
• 12.5 Hydrogen storage
• 12.6 Summary
• Nomenclature
• References
• Biographies

13. Integration of carbon capture in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture
• 13.3 Types of CCUS technology
• 13.4 Future trends for CCUS technologies for IGCC systems
• 13.5 Integration of CCUS technologies into IGCC systems
• 13.6 Conclusions
• References
• Biography

14. By-products from the integrated gas combined cycle in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Generation of residues in IGCC
• 14.3 Characterization of by-products from IGCC systems
• 14.4 Management of by-products
• 14.5 Examples
• 14.6 Future Trends
• 14.7 Summary
• 14.8 Sources and further information
• References
• Biography

Part IV: The combined cycle power island and IGCC system simulations

15. The gas and steam turbines and combined cycle in IGCC systems

• Abstract
• Nomenclature
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Gas turbine systems
• 15.3 Thermodynamics of the Brayton Cycle
• 15.4 Industrial heavy-frame gas turbine systems
• 15.5 Axial compressors and turbine aerodynamics
• 15.6 Turbine blade cooling
• 15.7 Thermal-flow characteristics in dump diffuser and combustor-transition piece
• 15.8 Combustion
• 15.9 Steam turbine systems
• 15.10 Heat recovery steam generator
• 15.11 Combined cycle
• 15.12 Gas turbine inlet fogging
• 15.13 Case study of various power systems fueled with low calorific value (LCV) producer gases derived from biomass including inlet fogging and steam injection (Excerpted from Yap and Wang, 2007)
• 15.14 Conclusions
• References
• Biography

Part V: Case studies of existing IGCC plants

16. A simulated IGCC case study without CCS

• Abstract
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Case summary and software description
• 16.3 Gasification block
• 16.4 Gas cleanup system
• 16.5 Power block
• 16.6 Steam seal and condenser
• 16.7 Results of the IGCC plant model
• 16.8 Conclusions
• References
• Biography of the first author

17. Dynamic IGCC system simulator

• Abstract
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Development of an IGCC dynamic simulator with an operator training system (OTS)
• 17.3 Capabilities, features, and architecture of the IGCC dynamic simulator and OTS
• 17.4 3D virtual plant and immersive training system
• 17.5 Capabilities, features, and architecture of the IGCC 3D virtual plant and ITS
• 17.6 Leveraging the IGCC dynamic simulator and 3D virtual plant in advanced research
• 17.7 Using the IGCC OTS and ITS in engineering education and industry workforce training
• 17.8 Conclusions
• Nomenclature
• References
• Biographies

18. Case study: Wabash River Coal Gasification Repowering Project, USA

• Abstract
• 18.1 Project structure and background
• 18.2 Project description
• 18.3 Environmental performance
• 18.4 Design and construction
• 18.5 Commercial operation
• 18.6 Ownership changes
• 18.7 Conclusion
• References
• Biography

19. Case study: Nuon–Buggenum, The Netherlands

• Abstract
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Coal milling and drying
• 19.3 Coal feeding
• 19.4 Gasification system and fly ash removal
• 19.5 Gas cleaning and sulfur recovery
• 19.6 Air separation unit
• 19.7 Combined cycle unit
• 19.8 Conclusions
• Reference
• Biography

20. Case Study: ELCOGAS Puertollano IGCC power plant, Spain

• Abstract
• 20.1 ELCOGAS description
• 20.2 Technical description of Puertollano IGCC plant
• 20.3 Operating experience
• 20.4 Lessons learned
• 20.5 R&D investment plan
• 20.6 Future prospects
• References

21. Case study: Sarlux IGCC power plant, Italy

• Abstract
• 21.1 Background—synergy and integration with the refinery
• 21.2 General description of Sarlux IGCC complex
• 21.3 Technical aspects and peculiarities of SARLUX IGCC
• 21.4 Plant performances
• 21.5 Environmental impact
• 21.6 Schedule of activities
• 21.7 Construction activities
• 21.8 Startup and performance tests
• 21.9 Key operational issues
• 21.10 IGCC complex availability and commercial operation
• 21.11 Further improvements
• Conclusions
• Nomenclature
• Further Reading
• Biographies

22. Case study: Nakoso IGCC power plant, Japan

• Abstract
• 22.1 Air-blown IGCC demonstration test
• 22.2 Results and evaluation of the demonstration test
• 22.3 Operation plans after converting a demonstration plant to commercial use
• 22.4 Operation result after converting the demonstration plant to commercial use
• 22.5 Large-scale IGCC development plans by TEPCO
• Conclusion
• References
• Biography

23. Case study: Kemper County IGCC project, USA

• Abstract
• 23.1 Kemper County IGCC project description
• 23.2 Process overview
• 23.3 Technical description of Kemper County IGCC plant
• 23.4 Lignite properties
• 23.5 Expected synthesis gas composition
• 23.6 Projected environmental performance
• 23.7 Major accomplishments to date
• 23.8 Kemper IGCC demonstration period
• Conclusion
• Further Reading
• Biography

24. Improvement opportunities for IGCC

• Abstract
• 24.1 CO₂ capture: opportunities for IGCC
• 24.2 Improvement of key units in IGCC with and without CCS
• 24.3 Efficiency of IGCC
• 24.4 Conclusions and outlook
• References

25. The current status and future prospects for IGCC systems

• Abstract
• Abbreviations
• 25.1 Introduction
• 25.2 IGCC status
• 25.3 Polygeneration
• 25.4 IGCC outlook
• 25.5 Summary
• Sources of further information and advice
• References
• Biography