Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies discusses this innovative power generation technology that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, an important emerging technology which has the potential to significantly improve the efficiencies and emissions of coal power plants.

The advantages of this technology over conventional pulverized coal power plants include fuel flexibility, greater efficiencies, and very low pollutant emissions. The book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world.

The first part of this book introduces the principles of IGCC systems and the fuel types for use in IGCC systems. The second part covers syngas production within IGCC systems. The third part looks at syngas cleaning, the separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment, with final sections describing the gas turbine combined cycle and presenting several case studies of existing IGCC plants.

1. An overview of IGCC systems

Abstract
1.1 Introduction of IGCC
1.2 Layouts of key IGCC components and processes
Detailed Description of Each Process and Component
1.4 Gasifiers
1.5 Syngas cooling
1.6 Gas cleanup system
1.7 WGS application for pre-combustion CO₂ capture
1.8 Combined cycle power island
1.9 Economics
1.10 Cogasification of coal/biomass
1.11 Polygeneration
1.12 Conclusion
Nomenclatures and acronyms
References
Biography

Part I: Fuel types for use in IGCC systems

2. Utilization of coal in IGCC systems

Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Integrated gasification combined cycle demonstration systems
2.3 Characteristics of coals
2.4 Comparison of high-rank coals versus low-rank coals properties for IGCC applications
2.5 Coal preparation
2.6 Feeding system
2.7 Influence of coal rank on gasifier operation
2.8 Utilization of other feedstocks in IGCC
2.9 Areas for improvement in gasification for viable use of IGCC technology
References
Biography

3. Petroleum coke (petcoke) and refinery residues

Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview of petroleum coke for use in gasification plants
3.3 Overview of the refinery residues for use in gasification plants
3.4 Integration of refineries with gasification plants
3.5 Conclusions
Further Reading
Biography

4. Biomass feedstock for IGCC systems

Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biomass feedstocks for gasification
4.3 Preparation of biomass for gasification
4.4 IGCC Technology options for biomass fuels
4.5 Conclusions
Nomenclatures and acronyms
References
Biographies

5. Municipal wastes and other potential fuels for use in IGCC systems

Abstract
5.1 Municipal solid waste and gasification technology
5.2 Plasma gasification technology
5.3 Commercial facilities (WPC plasma gasification technology)
5.4 Process description-IPGCC power plant
5.5 Environmental considerations
5.6 Summary/Observations
References
Biography

Part II: Syngas production and cooling

6. Gasification fundamentals

Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Characterization of fuels
6.3 Classification of fuels
6.4 Moisture evaporation
6.5 Pyrolysis and volatiles release
6.6 Heterogenous reactions
6.7 Mineral matter transformations and ash deposition
6.8 Syngas composition
6.9 Air-blown versus oxygen blown
6.10 Summary
References
Biography

7. Effect of coal nature on the gasification process

Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Effect of coal properties on the gasification process
7.3 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
References
Biography

8. Major gasifiers for IGCC systems

Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Brief overview of the gasification process
8.3 Generic gasifier characteristics
8.4 Commercial entrained flow gasifiers
8.5 The General Electric gasifier
8.6 The Shell coal gasification process
8.7 The Siemens fuel gasification technology
8.8 The CB&I E-Gas coal gasification process
8.9 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems gasification technology
8.10 The Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions PRENFLO coal gasification process
8.11 Commercial fluid bed gasifiers
8.12 The HTW fluid bed gasifier
8.13 The Kellogg Brown and Root transport gasifier (TRIG)
8.14 Commercial fixed (moving) bed gasifiers
8.15 Chinese gasifiers
8.16 East China University of Science and Technology opposed multiple burner gasifier
8.17 The TPRI gasifier
8.18 Emerging technologies, and novel concepts
8.19 The AR/ GTI compact gasifier
8.20 Chemical looping gasification
8.21 Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Biography

9. Syngas cooling in IGCC systems

Abstract
9.1 Introduction: purpose of cooling syngas after gasification
9.2 Thermodynamic aspects of syngas cooling
9.3 Methods of high temperature cooling
9.4 Low- temperature cooling and syngas saturation
9.5 Potential of high temperature gas clean-up
9.6 Impact on the power cycle
References
Biography

Part III: Syngas cleaning, separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment

10. Wet scrubbing and gas filtration of syngas in IGCC systems

Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Contaminants removal of coal-based IGCC systems
10.3 Contaminants removal from biomass-based IGCC systems
10.4 Efficiency of IGCC systems as related to WS/PR
10.5 New technologies
References
Biography

11. Acid gas removal from syngas in IGCC plants

Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Chemical solvents
11.3 Physical solvents
11.4 Hybrid solvents
11.5 Warm gas cleanup technologies
11.6 Other technologies
11.7 Applications of AGR technologies in commercial IGCC plants
11.8 Impact of sulfur recovery technology on the selection of the AGR technology
11.9 Conclusions
References
Biography

12. Hydrogen production in IGCC systems

Abstract
12.1 Introduction: hydrogen coproduction in integrated gasification combined cycle systems
12.2 Processes for hydrogen production from IGCC
12.3 Advanced concepts for hydrogen production
12.4 Advantage of hydrogen coproduction in IGCC
12.5 Hydrogen storage
12.6 Summary
Nomenclature
References
Biographies

13. Integration of carbon capture in IGCC systems

Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture
13.3 Types of CCUS technology
13.4 Future trends for CCUS technologies for IGCC systems
13.5 Integration of CCUS technologies into IGCC systems
13.6 Conclusions
References
Biography

14. By-products from the integrated gas combined cycle in IGCC systems

Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Generation of residues in IGCC
14.3 Characterization of by-products from IGCC systems
14.4 Management of by-products
14.5 Examples
14.6 Future Trends
14.7 Summary
14.8 Sources and further information
References
Biography

Part IV: The combined cycle power island and IGCC system simulations

15. The gas and steam turbines and combined cycle in IGCC systems

Abstract
Nomenclature
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Gas turbine systems
15.3 Thermodynamics of the Brayton Cycle
15.4 Industrial heavy-frame gas turbine systems
15.5 Axial compressors and turbine aerodynamics
15.6 Turbine blade cooling
15.7 Thermal-flow characteristics in dump diffuser and combustor-transition piece
15.8 Combustion
15.9 Steam turbine systems
15.10 Heat recovery steam generator
15.11 Combined cycle
15.12 Gas turbine inlet fogging
15.13 Case study of various power systems fueled with low calorific value (LCV) producer gases derived from biomass including inlet fogging and steam injection (Excerpted from Yap and Wang, 2007)
15.14 Conclusions
References
Biography

Part V: Case studies of existing IGCC plants

16. A simulated IGCC case study without CCS

Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Case summary and software description
16.3 Gasification block
16.4 Gas cleanup system
16.5 Power block
16.6 Steam seal and condenser
16.7 Results of the IGCC plant model
16.8 Conclusions
References
Biography of the first author

17. Dynamic IGCC system simulator

Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Development of an IGCC dynamic simulator with an operator training system (OTS)
17.3 Capabilities, features, and architecture of the IGCC dynamic simulator and OTS
17.4 3D virtual plant and immersive training system
17.5 Capabilities, features, and architecture of the IGCC 3D virtual plant and ITS
17.6 Leveraging the IGCC dynamic simulator and 3D virtual plant in advanced research
17.7 Using the IGCC OTS and ITS in engineering education and industry workforce training
17.8 Conclusions
Nomenclature
References
Biographies

18. Case study: Wabash River Coal Gasification Repowering Project, USA

Abstract
18.1 Project structure and background
18.2 Project description
18.3 Environmental performance
18.4 Design and construction
18.5 Commercial operation
18.6 Ownership changes
18.7 Conclusion
References
Biography

19. Case study: Nuon–Buggenum, The Netherlands

Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Coal milling and drying
19.3 Coal feeding
19.4 Gasification system and fly ash removal
19.5 Gas cleaning and sulfur recovery
19.6 Air separation unit
19.7 Combined cycle unit
19.8 Conclusions
Reference
Biography

20. Case Study: ELCOGAS Puertollano IGCC power plant, Spain

Abstract
20.1 ELCOGAS description
20.2 Technical description of Puertollano IGCC plant
20.3 Operating experience
20.4 Lessons learned
20.5 R&D investment plan
20.6 Future prospects
References

21. Case study: Sarlux IGCC power plant, Italy

Abstract
21.1 Background—synergy and integration with the refinery
21.2 General description of Sarlux IGCC complex
21.3 Technical aspects and peculiarities of SARLUX IGCC
21.4 Plant performances
21.5 Environmental impact
21.6 Schedule of activities
21.7 Construction activities
21.8 Startup and performance tests
21.9 Key operational issues
21.10 IGCC complex availability and commercial operation
21.11 Further improvements
Conclusions
Nomenclature
Further Reading
Biographies

22. Case study: Nakoso IGCC power plant, Japan

Abstract
22.1 Air-blown IGCC demonstration test
22.2 Results and evaluation of the demonstration test
22.3 Operation plans after converting a demonstration plant to commercial use
22.4 Operation result after converting the demonstration plant to commercial use
22.5 Large-scale IGCC development plans by TEPCO
Conclusion
References
Biography

23. Case study: Kemper County IGCC project, USA

Abstract
23.1 Kemper County IGCC project description
23.2 Process overview
23.3 Technical description of Kemper County IGCC plant
23.4 Lignite properties
23.5 Expected synthesis gas composition
23.6 Projected environmental performance
23.7 Major accomplishments to date
23.8 Kemper IGCC demonstration period
Conclusion
Further Reading
Biography

24. Improvement opportunities for IGCC

Abstract
24.1 CO₂ capture: opportunities for IGCC
24.2 Improvement of key units in IGCC with and without CCS
24.3 Efficiency of IGCC
24.4 Conclusions and outlook
References

25. The current status and future prospects for IGCC systems

Abstract
Abbreviations
25.1 Introduction
25.2 IGCC status
25.3 Polygeneration
25.4 IGCC outlook
25.5 Summary
Sources of further information and advice
References
Biography

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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies

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Ting Wang

Gary J. Stiegel