Insect Pests of Potato

Global Perspectives on Biology and Management

2nd Edition - March 17, 2022

Editors: Andrei Alyokhin, Silvia I Rondon, Yulin Gao

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 2 3 7 - 0

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 1 4 - 0

This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they… Read more

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This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests.

The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids.

This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Part I. Potato as an important staple crop
Chapter 1. Potatoes and their pests: setting the stage
1.1. History and present status
1.2. Potatoes and human civilization
1.3. Insect pests
1.4. Meeting the challenge
Chapter 2. Growing potatoes
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Geographic distribution
2.3. Climate requirements
2.4. Soil requirements
2.5. Soil reaction (pH)
2.6. Major inputs: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and organic matter
2.7. Irrigation requirements
2.8. Seed planting depth, spacing, and hilling
2.9. Time to maturity
2.10. Types of cultivars
2.11. Remote sensing
Chapter 3. Economic considerations in potato production
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Economics of seed pricing and production
3.3. Frozen processed potatoes
3.4. Potato chips
3.5. Fresh potatoes
3.6. Storage economics
3.7. US potato consumption trends
3.8. Potato demand
3.9. Global trends and future prospects for potato demand in developing countries
Part II. Biology of major pests
Chapter 4. Colorado potato beetle
4.1. Taxonomy and morphological description
4.2. Origins and history of spread
4.3. Genetic variability
4.4. Pest status and yield loss
4.5. Seasonal life cycle and diapause
4.6. Interactions with host plants
4.7. Reproduction and individual development
4.8. Movement and dispersal
4.9. Management implications
Chapter 5. Aphids
5.1. Basic biology
5.2. Interactions with host plants
5.3. Virus transmission
5.4. Management approaches
5.5. Summary and future directions
Chapter 6. Psyllids
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli)
6.3. Other psyllids
6.4. Final remarks
Chapter 7. Wireworms as pests of potato
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Elaterid biology
7.3. Species of economic importance in the holarctic
7.4. Differences within economic species
7.5. Wireworms and the potato crop
7.6. Sampling
7.7. Wireworm control
7.8. Conclusions
Chapter 8. Potato tuberworm
8.1. Taxonomy of P. operculella and other “tuberworms”
8.2. Phthorimaea operculella distribution around the world
8.3. Host range
8.4. Life cycle
8.5. Life table
8.6. Damage in the field
8.7. Damage from field to storage
8.8. Developmental thresholds and temperatures
8.9. Monitoring Phthorimaea operculella
8.10. Integrated pest management of P. operculella
8.11. Conclusions
Chapter 9. Hemipterans, other than aphids and psyllids affecting potatoes worldwide
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Leafhoppers
9.3. Planthoppers
9.4. True bugs
9.5. Conclusion
Chapter 10. Potato ladybirds
10.1. Underappreciated defoliator
10.2. Morphology
10.3. Geographic distribution, host range, and taxonomy
10.4. Damage
10.5. Biology
10.6. Management
10.7. Conclusions and future directions
Part III. Management approaches
Chapter 11. Chemical control
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Early history of chemical control in potatoes
11.3. The pesticide treadmill
11.4. A plethora of chemical control options still available in the 21st century
11.5. Insecticide options for organic potatoes
11.6. Chemical control of hemipteran pests
11.7. Chemical control of wireworms
11.8. Chemical control of potato tuberworm
11.9. Final thoughts
Chapter 12. Insecticidal RNA interference (RNAi) for control of potato pests
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Parameters affecting insecticidal activity of dsRNA
12.3. Delivery of dsRNA to potato pests
12.4. Safety of insecticidal dsRNA
12.5. Use of dsRNA against potato pests
12.6. Resistance to dsRNA and management in potato
12.7. Conclusions and future prospects
Chapter 13. Biological and behavioral control of potato insect pests
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Natural enemies of major potato pests
13.3. Biological and behavioral control deployments
13.4. Endophytic fungi
13.5. Pheromones for monitoring and population management
13.6. Interactions of biological and behavioral control
13.7. Current and future research needs
13.8. Conclusion
Chapter 14. Potato resistance against insect herbivores
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Natural variation in potato insect resistance
14.3. Engineered resistance
14.4. Constraints on host plant resistance
14.5. Future directions
Chapter 15. Cultural control and other non-chemical methods
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Management of abiotic conditions
15.3. Management of biotic conditions
15.4. Examples of habitat management
15.5. Concluding remarks
Part IV. Problems and solutions in major potato-producing areas of the world
Chapter 16. Latin America potato production: pests and foes
16.1. History of potato production in Latin America
16.2. Unintentional and intentional breeding efforts
16.3. Potato's contribution to the national economies
16.4. Potato issues in Latin America
16.5. Integrated pest management approach to control pest problems in potatoes: common issues across diverse regions
16.6. Main pests affecting potato production in Latin America
16.7. Natural enemies
Chapter 17. The United States of America and Canada
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Potato farming in overall economy
17.3. Local agroclimatic conditions
17.4. Main producers and market conditions
17.5. Main insect pests
17.6. Methods of pest control
17.7. Problems and perspectives
Chapter 18. Regional overview of potato pest problem in EU
18.1. Potato has been cultivated in Europe for over 500 years
18.2. Two major pests of potato in Europe
18.3. Potato farming was worth EUR 11 billion in 2017
18.4. Biggest current pest problems
18.5. Means of mitigating pest problems
18.6. Future challenges
Chapter 19. Russian Federation, Belarus, and Ukraine
19.1. History and local characteristics of potato production
19.2. Russian Federation
19.3. Republic of Belarus
19.4. Ukraine
19.5. Summary and conclusions
Chapter 20. China and Central Asia
20.1. Potato production in China and Central Asia
20.2. Abundance, the relative importance of potato pests in China and Central Asia
20.3. Management practices of key potato pests in China and Central Asia
20.4. Conclusions
Chapter 21. Insect pests of potato in India: biology and management
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Root and tuber-eating pests
21.3. Sap-feeding pests
21.4. Leaf-eating and defoliating insects
Chapter 22. Australia and New Zealand
22.1. Overview of the industry
22.2. Main pests
22.3. Control methods
Chapter 23. Management of potato pests and diseases in Africa
23.1. Overview
23.2. Potato pests and diseases
23.3. Pest and disease management practices
23.4. Conclusion
Part V. Basic science in potato pest management
Chapter 24. Evolutionary considerations in potato pest management
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Fundamentals of evolution
24.3. Applied evolution
24.4. Evolution in agricultural ecosystems
24.5. Evolutionary process of becoming a pest
24.6. An obscure leaf beetle turns into a major pest of potatoes
24.7. Insecticide resistance
24.8. Interactions with abiotic environment
24.9. Human turn to adapt?
24.10. Conclusions
Chapter 25. Ecology of a potato field
25.1. “Potatoes partly made of oil”
25.2. An underappreciated challenge
25.3. Healthy soils and healthy plants
25.4. Dawn of the killer fungi
25.5. The power of connections
Chapter 26. Ecological and evolutionary factors mitigating Colorado potato beetle adaptation to insecticides
26.1. Introduction
26.2. Genetic variation
26.3. Pesticide use
26.4. Noncrop host plants
26.5. Natural enemies
26.6. Crop rotation
26.7. Climate suitability
26.8. Future research
26.9. Conclusion
Part VI. Current challenges and future directions
Chapter 27. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in potatoes
27.1. What is IPM?
27.2. The elements of IPM
27.3. An IPM strategy for potatoes typical in Australia
27.4. Taught everywhere but typically slow and low rates of adoption. Why?
27.5. Changing to IPM when a crisis occurs or avoiding a crisis. Examples beyond potatoes
27.6. How to achieve rapid adoption of IPM in the absence of a crisis
27.7. Conclusion
Chapter 28. Epilogue: the road to sustainability
Index

Andrei Alyokhin

Dr. Andrei Alyokhin received B.S. degree in Education in Biology and Chemistry from Moscow Pedagogical State University in Moscow, Russia. He then completed a Ph.D. in Entomology at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, advised by Dr. David Ferro. After doing post-doctoral work at the University of Hawaii under the supervision of Dr. Russell Messing, he joined faculty at the University of Maine in January of 2001 as an Assistant Professor of Applied Entomology. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 2007, and then to Professor in 2013. He also served one term as a Director of the School of Biology and Ecology. Dr. Alyokhin is interested in applied insect ecology, behavior, evolution of insecticide resistance, and integrated pest management. He is working mostly in potato agroecosystems, although recently he also started looking at insect mediated recycling of organic wastes. Dr. Alyokhin has authored or co-authored 181 publications, including 83 peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals. He also taught or co-taught Insect Ecology, Pesticides and the Environment, Biological Invasions, Introductory Applied Entomology, Evolution, Advanced Insect Pest Ecology and Management, Capstone Experience in Biological Sciences, and Professionalism in Biology. In addition, Dr. Alyokhin maintains an extensive outreach program to a variety of stakeholders, including potato growers, other crop production professionals, natural resource managers, K-12 students, and members of the general public. He is a recipient of several professional awards from Entomological Society of America, National Association of County Agricultural Agents, Aroostook County Extension Association, College of Natural Sciences, Food, and Agriculture at the University of Maine, and the U.S. National Park Service.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono, Maine, USA

Silvia I Rondon

Dr. Silvia I. Rondon is a Professor and Extension Entomology Specialist and Oregon State University Extension Entomologist Specialist affiliated to the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center and the Department of Crop & Soil Sciences. Silvia received her BA and MS in Entomology at the Agraria University in Lima, Perú, and her PhD in Crop Sciences with a major in Integrated Pest Management from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where she worked on the influence of different cropping systems on the population dynamics of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). In 2002, Silvia worked as a Postdoctoral Associate in the Horticulture Department at the University of Florida in Gainesville. In Florida, her responsibility was to develop an integrated pest management program for field and greenhouse strawberries to reduce insecticide use. In 2005, Silvia joined Oregon State University. Her area of expertise is pest management, insect ecology, insect distribution, population dynamics, insects-plant interactions, biological control, and chemical control. Her works involves various cropping systems including potatoes, onions, sweet corn, small fruits, and other high value vegetables. She has over 150 peer reviewed scientific and extension papers, book chapters, non-peer reviewed publications, abstracts, and reports. She has brought over $35 million in private, state, and federal grants through her collaborations around the world. She enjoys travelling and nature as well as spending time with her husband and two kids.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Extension Entomology Specialist, Director, Oregon Integrated Pest Management Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University

Yulin Gao

Dr. Yulin Gao was Professor of Entomology working at Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing, China. His primary research focus has been on integrated pest management of potato and vegetable crops. Dr Gao has authored more than 80 journal articles (2 in the Annual Review of Entomology) and book chapters, and he serves as the Executive Editor of the well-known international journal Pest Management Science. Furthermore he serves as an editorial board member for a number of journals including Journal of Economic Entomology and Journal of Pest Science. Dr. Gao also served as scientific advisory board member for 2020ICE Finland; committee member of International Branch of ESA; and the Vice President of APRS-IOBC. Dr Gao holds three degrees in entomology: B.S.,Southwest University, Chongqing (2003); M.S (2006) and Ph.D(2009) from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, P.R, China