Innovative Conservation Techniques and Perspectives

Global Biome Conservation and Global Warming Impacts on Ecology and Biodiversity

1st Edition - April 8, 2025
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: Germano Leão Demolin-Leite
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 4 0 4 9 0 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 4 0 4 9 1 - 7

Innovative Conservation Techniques and Perspectives: Global Biome Conservation and Global Warming Impacts on Ecology and Biodiversity explores operational and potential monito… Read more

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Innovative Conservation Techniques and Perspectives: Global Biome Conservation and Global Warming Impacts on Ecology and Biodiversity explores operational and potential monitoring tools to conserve and/or recover biomes at a global scale. Written by international experts in ecology and biodiversity conservation, this book identifies operational, emerging, and proposed methods for land monitoring and management across the world’s biomes. This important resource on biodiversity is an ideal resource for students, professors, researchers, and both governmental and non-governmental organizations active in biodiversity conservation.

Innovative Conservation Techniques and Perspectives
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Section A: Innovative techniques in conservation and remote sensing
Chapter 1 Biome functioning and bioindicators
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 The importance of using bioindicators for biome conservation
2.1 Brazilian biomes and its threats
2.2 The use of bioindicators in the Brazilian biomes
3 Vertebrates as bioindicators—Bats as an example
4 Invertebrates as bioindicators
4.1 Air quality assessment
4.2 Assessment of the water environment
4.3 Assessment of the terrestrial environment
4.4 Dung beetles as indicators—A case study
5 Invasive plants and woody encroachment
6 Regional indicators for biodiversity monitoring
6.1 Remote sensing for monitoring invasive species
7 Conclusions and prospects
References
Chapter 2 Integration of Ecological Informatics, Remote Sensing, and Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results
3.1 Article analysis
3.2 Synthesis of the data
4 Discussion
5 Threats to validity
6 Final considerations
References
Chapter 3 Research progress of eDNA technology in biodiversity monitoring
Abstract
Keywords
1 Advantages and disadvantages of eDNA technology
2 eDNA technology process and method
2.1 Sample collection and processing
2.2 DNA extraction
2.3 PCR amplification
2.4 Sequencing and data analysis
3 Progress of research based on eDNA investigation
3.1 Species diversity survey
3.2 Invasive species detection
3.3 Detection of rare and endangered species
3.4 Species abundance and biomass assessment
3.5 Reconstruction of ancient ecosystems
4 Conclusions and prospects
4.1 Lack of standardized process norms for sampling programs
4.2 Primer bias
4.3 Inadequate database
References
Chapter 4 Importance Indice
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Percentage of Importance Indice (%I.I.)
3 Experimental areas
4 Classification of phytophagous arthropods by the %I.I.
5 Classification of natural enemies by the %I.I.
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Importance Indice-Production Unknown
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Percentage of Importance Indice-Production Unknown (%I.I.-P.U.)
3 Experimental area
4 Classification of phytophagous arthropods by %I.I.-P.U.
5 Classification of natural enemies by %I.I.-P.U.
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Long-term biome biomonitoring
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Brief description of techniques currently used in diversity monitoring
2.1 Techniques: Trap monitoring
2.2 Techniques: Camera monitoring
2.3 Techniques: Sensor monitoring
2.4 Techniques: Intelligent monitoring
2.5 Techniques: Drone monitoring
3 Innovative techniques in terrestrial insect diversity monitoring
3.1 Trap monitoring in terrestrial insect diversity
3.2 Camera monitoring in terrestrial insect diversity
3.3 Sensor monitoring in terrestrial insect diversity
3.4 Intelligent monitoring in terrestrial insect diversity
4 Innovative techniques in terrestrial vertebrate diversity monitoring
4.1 Camera monitoring in terrestrial vertebrate diversity
4.2 Sensor monitoring in terrestrial vertebrate diversity
4.3 Intelligent monitoring in terrestrial vertebrate diversity
4.4 Drone monitoring in terrestrial vertebrate diversity
5 Innovative techniques in aquatic animal diversity monitoring
5.1 Camera monitoring in aquatic animal diversity
5.2 Sensor monitoring in aquatic animal diversity
5.3 Intelligent monitoring in aquatic animal diversity
5.4 Drone monitoring in aquatic animal diversity
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Forestry conservation through machine learning innovations
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Traditional learning
1.2 Ensemble learning
1.3 Neural networking and deep learning
1.4 Reinforcement learning
2 Algorithms
2.1 Linear analysis
2.2 Random forest method
2.3 Support-vector machine techniques
2.4 K-nearest neighbors
2.5 Deep learning
2.6 Other algorithms
3 Conclusions or perspectives
References
Chapter 8 Remote sensing
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Remote sensing
3 Storing information
4 Remote sensing characteristics
5 Active and passive sensors
6 Scanning system
7 Coordinate system
8 Platforms
9 Targets
10 Sensor types
11 Remote sensing products
12 Final consideration
Section B: Global warming perspectives for 50 years
Chapter 9 Insular biomes
Abstract
Outlook
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Biodiversity
2.1 Canary Islands
2.2 Marajó Island
3 Human activities and their impacts
4 Impact of global warming
4.1 Island morphology and biodiversity
4.2 Food and water security of the populations residing on the islands
4.3 Invasive alien species, diseases, and epidemics
4.4 Island tourism
5 Operational, monitoring, and statistical tools
5.1 Remote sensing
5.2 The normalized difference vegetation index
5.3 Time-calibrated phylogenies of DNA-bounded species
5.4 Field surveys and interviews
5.5 Modeling
6 Conservation strategies
7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 10 Glaciers
Abstract
Outlook
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Geographic location
3 Biodiversity
4 Human activities and their impacts
5 Glacier protection laws, protection policies, and other measures to conserve glaciers
6 Operational and potential monitoring tools to conserve or to recover the biome
7 Conclusions or perspectives
References
Chapter 11 Deserts
Abstract
Outlook
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Geographic location
3 Biodiversity
4 Features of conservation areas
5 Ecological indicators of conservation areas
5.1 Species diversity and populations of key species
5.2 Quality of the water environment
5.3 Assessment of plant cover
5.4 Climate change
5.5 Community engagement
6 Human activities and their impacts
7 Operational and potential monitoring tools for desert conservation and recovery
7.1 Expansion of protected areas
7.2 Mitigating resource overexploitation
7.3 Ecosystem restoration
7.4 Environmental monitoring
7.5 Environmental education and engagement of local communities
7.6 Promoting scientific research
7.7 Sustainable development programs and international cooperation
8 Conclusion
9 Future outlook and perspectives
References
Chapter 12 Mediterranean and shrublands
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Disturbances in ME
2.1 Forest fires
2.2 UV radiation
2.3 Air pollution and atmospheric depositions
2.4 Impacts of extreme heat and drought events
2.5 Biotic interactions
3 Ecophysiological mechanisms of impact and recovery of Mediterranean vegetation
3.1 Physiological impacts of drought stress in Mediterranean trees and shrubs
3.2 Impacts and recovery in Mediterranean vegetation
4 Dynamics and evolution of ME under climate change
4.1 Loss of biodiversity
4.2 Substitution of species
4.3 Vegetation shifts
4.4 Evolution or regression of Mediterranean shrubland
5 Issues for management and monitoring
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Steppes and prairies
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Geographic location
2.1 North American prairies and shrublands
2.2 Eurasian steppes
2.3 Patagonian steppe
2.4 High-altitude steppes
3 Past, present, and future of climate trends
4 Impacts of global warming in steppes and prairies
4.1 Flora: Adapting to new realities
4.2 Fauna: A dance of adaptation and migration
4.3 Recurring wildfires: Burning down the house
4.4 Soil carbon sequestration: Decarbonization and productivity at risk
4.5 Land degradation: An eroding future
4.6 Water scarcity and drying water sources: The rain that does not reach
4.7 Highland steppes: Ecosystems vanishing in the air
5 Green horizons: Mitigation of climate challenges in steppes and prairies
6 Conclusion: Toward a sustainable future for the steppe and prairie biome
References
Chapter 14 Effects of climate change on the distribution of dung beetle species in South American pasturelands
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Material and methods
2.1 Geographical and functional data
2.2 Climatic data and geographical barriers
2.3 Climate niche modeling
3 Results and discussion
3.1 Climate niche modeling performance
3.2 Future distribution of dung beetles: Many losses and few gains
3.3 Future scenarios for key species regarding South American pasturelands
3.4 Future scenarios on dung beetle functional types and reduction in functional diversity
3.5 Highlights and prospects of this research
References
Chapter 15 Potential changes in vegetation across Northern Eurasia in warmed climates predicted from CMIP5 climate models by the end of the century
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Data and methods
2.1 Geography and climate
2.2 Permafrost
2.3 Vegetation in Northern Eurasia
2.4 Russia’s bioclimatic vegetation model, RuBCliM
2.5 The RuBCliM validation
3 Results
3.1 Climate change across Northern Eurasia by the end of the century
3.2 RuBCliM verification
3.3 Potential change in biome distributions over Northern Eurasia by the end of the century
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16 Temperate forests
Abstract
Outlook
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Biodiversity
2.1 South America
2.2 North America
2.3 Europe
2.4 Asia
2.5 Oceania
3 Human activities and their impacts
4 Impact of global warming
5 Conservation strategies and tools
6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 17 Tropical forests
Abstract
Outlook
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Biodiversity
3 Deforestation
4 Climate effects of deforestation
5 Impact of global warming on tropical forests and humanity
6 Conservation strategies
7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 18 Moving forward: Mitigating the effect of climate change in subterranean ecosystems
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Unintended consequences caused by mitigation programs
3 Potential solutions
3.1 Research needs
3.2 Reduction of emissions
3.3 Carbon sequestration in caves and karst areas: A natural solution to climate change
3.4 Enhance resilience to climate change through protected areas’ networks
3.5 Engineering subterranean ecosystems
3.6 Translocations of cave fauna
3.7 Ex situ breeding programs
References
Chapter 19 Agriculture and agroecology
Abstract
Outlook
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 More resilient and sustainable food production systems
3 Nontillage system (NTS)
4 Integrated crop-livestock-forestry system (ICLFS), agroforestry system (AFS), and syntropic agriculture
5 Agroecological transition and agroecology
6 Neglected and underutilized species (NUS) and nonconventional edible plants (NCEP or, in Portuguese, PANC)
7 Conclusions or perspectives
References
Chapter 20 Changing landscape of agriculture: Innovative approaches for food security and sustainability in Qatar
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 The scope of this literature review
3 Current status of agriculture in Qatar
4 Soil conservation in Qatar
5 Artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture
6 Multiple sensor-driven smart irrigation and management system
7 Drone- and UAV-assisted monitoring in agriculture
8 Computing power and data analytical tools
9 Life cycle assessment (LCA) and circular bio-economy
10 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 21 Traditional peoples and communities: The Coming Blessing Land
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 History and transformation of space by Terra Vista settlement
3 A visit to the Terra Vista settlement
3.1 Solange's portrait
4 The land’s lesson | a terra em aula
4.1 The Baptism of Seu Badu
5 The coming blessing perspectives
References
Chapter 22 Zoonoses and pandemic potential
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Zoonotic diseases and emerging pandemics
2.1 Viruses as the most frequent emergent zoonotic pathogen
3 Drivers or factors for zoonose emergency and spillover
3.1 Social, economic, and demographic changes in the human population
3.2 Deforestation, urbanization, and habitat fragmentation
3.3 Climate change and zoonoses emergency
3.4 Climate change and animal diseases
3.5 Impacts of climate changes on ecosystems, habitats, and wildlife behavior
3.6 Ecosystem resilience and importance to preserve biodiversity
3.7 Climate change and antimicrobial resistance
4 Global coordination and governance help the implementation of one health
4.1 Importance of COVID-19 to trigger one health approaches
4.2 One health high-level expert panel (OHHLEP)
5 One health approach and healthy ecosystem
5.1 Pandemic prevention and preparedness response
6 Challenges and future directions
6.1 COP 28 report and actions (CLIMADE, 2023)
7 Conclusions
References
Conclusions and remarks
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Innovative Conservation Techniques and Perspectives

Global Biome Conservation and Global Warming Impacts on Ecology and Biodiversity

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Germano Leão Demolin-Leite

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