Innovative and Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

Innovative and Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents a panoply of topics, from the fundamental aspects and mechanistic modeling to upscaled experiments, that relate recent innovation and hybridization of AOPs to improving the efficiency of processes used to remove recalcitrant and emerging contaminants from water.

The book applies the results of this novel approach to practical applications and technology assessments, covering the latest innovations, trends and concerns, as well as practical challenges and solutions in the field of AOPs in water treatment. The book pays special attention to reactive species production, reaction kinetics, mechanistic modeling, energy production, and degradation enhancement.

Innovative and Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the Editor
Preface
Part I: Fundamentals of advanced oxidation processes
Chapter 1 Advanced oxidation processes: Fundamental reactive species
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Basics and principles
3 Reactive species of AOPs
3.1 Hydroxyl radical
3.2 Singlet oxygen
3.3 Superoxide and hydroperoxyl radicals
3.4 Sulfate radical
4 Conclusion and future outlooks
References
Chapter 2 Reaction kinetics of advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Reactive oxygen species in different AOPs
3 Degradation mechanism in AOPs
4 ROS generation mechanisms and reaction kinetics in different AOPs
4.1 Reaction kinetic for Fenton-based AOPs
4.2 Reaction kinetic for cavitation-based AOPs
4.3 Reaction kinetic for UV-based AOPs
4.4 Reaction kinetic for electrochemical-based AOPs
4.5 Reaction kinetic for sulfate radical-based AOPs
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Mechanistic modeling of advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Mechanistic modeling approaches for AOPs
2.1 Reaction kinetics
2.2 Hybrid AOPs
2.3 Mass transfer
2.4 Reactor design and modeling
2.5 Parameter estimation and validation
2.6 Sensitivity analysis and optimization
3 Discussion on mechanistic approaches for AOPs
3.1 Kinetic modeling for AOPs
3.2 ANN for AOPs
3.3 RSM for AOPs
3.4 DFT of AOPs
4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Advanced oxidation processes for energy production
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Advanced oxidation methods
2.1 Fenton oxidation process
2.2 Ozone-based AOPs
2.3 Cavitation-based AOPs
2.4 Supercritical oxidation
2.5 Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes
2.6 Photochemical AOPs
2.7 Photolysis and photocatalysis AOPs
3 Energy production
3.1 Fenton oxidation
3.2 UV/H2O2
3.3 Ozonation
3.4 Hydrodynamic cavitation for energy production
3.5 Electrochemical energy production
3.6 Wet air oxidation
3.7 Supercritical water oxidation for energy production
4 Challenges and future prospects
5 Conclusion
References
Part II: Hybrid advanced oxidation processes
Chapter 5 Ozone-based advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Advanced oxidation processes
3 Ozone properties
3.1 Chemical properties of ozone
3.2 Physical properties
4 Reaction mechanism of ozone
5 Ozone-based AOPs
5.1 Photolytic ozonation process (O3/UV)
5.2 Peroxone process (O3/H2O2)
5.3 O3/Fenton process
5.4 Catalytic ozonation
5.5 Photocatalytic ozonation
5.6 Sonolytic ozonation (US/O3)
6 Applications of ozone-based processes
6.1 Treatment of textile wastewater
6.2 Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater
6.3 Treatment of oily wastewater
6.4 Treatment of municipal wastewater
7 Future perspectives
8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 UV-based advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 UV-based AOPs for water and wastewater decontamination
2.1 Homogeneous techniques
2.2 Heterogeneous techniques
3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Fenton and Fenton-like-based advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction: Pharmaceutical pollutants and remediation
2 Traditional wastewater treatment processes
3 Fenton and Fenton-like processes for pharmaceuticals removal
3.1 Homogeneous process
3.2 Heterogeneous process
4 Mechanism of heterogeneous Fenton and reactive oxygen species formation
5 Fenton-based hybrid processes
6 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 8 Ultrasound-based advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Sonochemistry
3 Ultrasound-based AOPs
3.1 Sonophotolysis
3.2 Sonocatalysis
3.3 Sonophotocatalysis
3.4 Sono-Fenton
3.5 Sonoozonation
4 Conclusion and future outlooks
References
Chapter 9 Persulfates-based processes—A view on the primary transformations of pollutants and novel strategies of persulfates activation
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Direct action of persulfates and persulfates activation using two relevant traditional ways
2.1 Direct action of persulfates on pollutants
2.2 Photoactivation of persulfates
2.3 Metals-based catalytic activation of persulfates
3 New trends and innovative methods for persulfates activation
3.1 Persulfates activation toward nonradical pathways
3.2 Electro-assisted activation of persulfates
3.3 Simultaneous degradation of microorganisms and micropollutants
References
Chapter 10 Nonthermal plasma technology for degradation of dyes in wastewater
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Organic dyes in environmental samples: Sources and pathways
3 Textile wastewater treatment
4 History of plasma technology in wastewater treatment
5 Plasma chemistry and plasma water interaction
5.1 Generation of reactive chemical species
6 Quantification of reactive chemical species
6.1 Quantification of •OH
6.2 Quantification of H2O2
6.3 Quantification of O3
7 Application of conventional NTP system for textile wastewater treatment
7.1 Effect of recombination and wastewater characteristics on NTP performance
8 Application of hybrid plasma system for textile wastewater treatment
9 Plasma dye interaction and chemical pathways
10 Prospects, challenges, and the way forward
11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Electrical discharge: A chemical-free advanced oxidation process for removing aqueous contaminants of emerging concern
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Major ECs of concern
3 Health and environmental impacts of ECs
4 Treatment techniques: The current status and challenges
5 Application of electrical discharges in wastewater treatment
5.1 Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)
5.2 Micro-arc discharge (MAD)
5.3 Gliding arc discharges (GAD)
5.4 Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ)
5.5 Bubble discharge reactor
6 Continuous flow nonthermal plasma reactor—Case study
7 Parameters affecting the performance of electrical discharge techniques
8 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 12 Hybrid electrochemical advanced oxidation processes through active chlorine species
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Origin of active chlorine species and role of the pH of the solution
2 Influence of the co-presence of other electrolytic, oxidants, and organic species
3 Reaction mechanism of active chlorine species with organic compounds
3.1 Reactions of active chlorine species with Amine groups, alcohols, thiols carbonyl functional groups and lipids
3.2 Reactions of active chlorine species with aromatic compounds
4 Production of hydroxyl radicals using active chlorine decomposition via Fe2+, Fe2+/UVA, and Fe2+/UVC
4.1 Photolysis of aqueous free chlorine species using UV light
4.2 Electrochemical production of HOCl and photolytic reduction by UV light
4.3 Electrochemical production of HOCl and reaction with iron species (electrochemical Fenton-like)
4.4 Electrochemical production of HOCl and reaction with iron species (photoelectro-Fenton-like)
5 Summary
References
Chapter 13 Photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes for water treatment
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Overview of wastewater treatment at large scale
3 Advanced oxidation processes
4 Photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants
4.1 Principle of photocatalysis
4.2 ROS generation
4.3 Oxidation of pollutants on the surface of photocatalysts
4.4 Enhancing photonic properties
4.5 Mode of use of photocatalysis for water treatment
5 SWOT analysis and current application of photocatalysis
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Biochar from agro-industrial wastes as carbocatalysts in advanced oxidation processes for pollutant degradation—Novel insights
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of materials for their use as carbocatalysts
3 Degradation of organic pollutants by carbocatalysis
3.1 Operational effects on the carbocatalytic process
3.2 Possible degradation mechanisms in a carbocatalytic system
3.3 Evaluating the reuse of carbocatalytic materials
4 Recent developments—Novel insights
4.1 Biochar for the pollutants treatment in complex matrices
4.2 N-doped biochars
5 Final remarks
References
Chapter 15 Sodium percarbonate-based advanced oxidation processes
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Direct oxidation of organic pollutants using SPC
3 SPC activation
3.1 Methods of homogeneous activation of SPC
3.2 Methods of heterogeneous activation of SPC
4 Factors influencing the degradation process
4.1 Effect of temperature
4.2 Effect of pH
4.3 Effect of inorganic anions
5 Strategies for improving SPC-based advanced oxidation processes
6 Conclusion
References
Part III: Innovative advanced oxidation processes
Chapter 16 UV/periodate process
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Speciation of IO4− in water
3 Reactive species produced by UV/periodate system
4 Degradation of organic contaminants by UV/IO4− technique
5 Reactive species scavengers
6 Parameters affecting the UV/IO4− technique
6.1 Initial IO4− concentration
6.2 UV light intensity
6.3 Initial contaminant concentration
6.4 Initial pH
6.5 Solution temperature
7 Drawbacks of the UV/IO4− technique
8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 UV/chlorine process
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 UV/chlorine technique
3 Photolysis of hypochlorite anion
4 Experimentation and kinetic modeling
5 UV/chlorine process efficiency in highly alkaline media
6 Profiles and contributions of radicals
7 Effect of chlorine dosage
8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Ultrasound/chlorine process
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Chlorine chemistry in water and chlorination studies
3 Chlorine ultrasonication
4 Synergism of the combination of chlorine and ultrasonication
5 Origin of the synergy
6 Synergism dependence of operating conditions
6.1 Chlorine concentration
6.2 Initial pH
6.3 Saturation gas
6.4 Initial substrate concentration
7 Impact of inorganic ions
8 Impact of humic acid
9 Degradation in natural water matrix
10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 Galvano-Fenton process
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Operating parameters selection
3 Fe(III) and •OH kinetic monitoring
4 Impact of hydrogen peroxide concentration
5 Impact of initial dye concentration
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Ultrasound/persulfate process
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Experimental approach
2.1 Generation of sulfate radical sono-activated during water ultrasonication
2.2 Impact of sulfate radical sono-activated on the ultrasonic decomposition of NBB
2.3 Influence of operating acoustic intensity on the decomposition of NBB in the presence of sono-activated persulfate
2.4 Impact of type of dissolved gas on the degradation of NBB in the presence of sono-activated persulfate
2.5 Impact of ultrasonication frequency on the sono-activated persulfate
3 Conclusions
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Innovative and Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

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Oualid Hamdaoui

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