Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Lunar and Terrestrial Minerals

1st Edition - January 28, 1975
Editor: Clarence Karr
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 3 6 6 - 2

Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Lunar and Terrestrial Minerals makes available in a single reference work original descriptions and summaries of the research on infrared and… Read more

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Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Lunar and Terrestrial Minerals makes available in a single reference work original descriptions and summaries of the research on infrared and Raman spectroscopy of lunar and terrestrial minerals so that this information will be readily available not only to those researchers in the continuing programs on lunar samples from the completed Apollo series and on the remote sensing of solar system objects, but, in particular, to that much larger group of researchers in government, industry, and universities involved in the many programs on terrestrial minerals and earth sciences by remote sensing. The chapters in this volume are arranged according to spectroscopic technique and/or frequency range rather than application. Thus there are chapters on visible and near-infrared, followed by those on mid-infrared, far-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. Applications are roughly divided between lunar and terrestrial, although the broad range of interchangeability of applications is obvious in many instances. There are also chapters on remote sensing of space targets and earth sciences; on lunar mineralogy and terrestrial mineralogy and geology; and on structures of lunar minerals and structures of terrestrial minerals.

List of Contributors

Preface

1 Absorption Spectroscopy of Ionic and Molecular Units in Crystals and Glasses

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical Background: Ti3+

III. Iron

IV. Charge-Transfer Bands

V. Water and Hydroxide

VI. Spectroscopy at Low Temperatures

VII. Spectroscopy at High Pressures

References

2 Polarized Electronic Spectra

I. Introduction

II. Experimentation and Theory

III. Spectra of Individual Transition Metal Ions

IV. Spectra of Lunar Minerals

V. Applications to Lunar Science

References

3 Luminescence of Minerals in the Near-Infrared

I. Introduction

II. Crystal Field Considerations

III. Crystalline Solids Showing IR Luminescence

IV. Applications

References

4 Interpretation of Visible and Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra of Pyroxenes and Other Rock-Forming Minerals

I. Introduction

II. Background

III. Reflectance Spectra of Rock-Forming Minerals

IV. Uniqueness of Mineral Absorption Bands

References

5 The Use of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy in Remote Sensing of Space Targets

I. Introduction

II. Vibrational Spectra of Inorganic Solids

III. Optical Behavior of Fine Particles

IV. Emission Spectra of Particulate Materials

V. Analysis of Effect of Experimental Parameters on Emission Behavior

VI. Spectra of Rocks: A Diagnostic Test

VII. Lunar Data: Comparison with Laboratory Standards

VIII. Remote Sensing of a Planet with an Atmosphere: Martian Application

References

6 Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer to Earth Sciences

I. Introduction

II. Remote Sensing

III. Radiative Transfer

IV. Calculation of Particle Absorption and Scattering Cross-Sections

V. Comparison of the Theory with Experimental Results for the Case of Powders

VI. The Inverse Problem

References

7 Reflectance and Emittance of Terrain in the Mid-Infrared (6-25 y m ) Region

I. Introduction

II. Basic Research

III. Field Studies

IV. Conclusions

References

8 Selected Terrestrial Minerals and Their Infrared Absorption Spectral Data (4000-300 cm-1)

I. Introduction

II. Uses of Infrared Absorption Analyses

III. Results and Discussion

IV. Summary

References

9 Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Minerals

I. Introduction

II. Experimental

III. Factors Influencing the Far-Infrared Region for Minerals

IV. Nesosilicates: Olivines

V. Chain Silicates: Pyroxenes

VI. Framework Silicates: Feldspars

VII. Carbonates: Calcite Group Minerals

References

10 Far-Infrared Observation of Lunar Rock

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Procedure and Results

III. Discussion

References

11 Elastic and Inelastic Light Scattering Spectra of Lunar Rocks and Soils

I. Introduction

II. Experimental

III. Data Analysis

IV. Discussion and Results

References

12 Raman Spectroscopy of Terrestrial Minerals

I. Introduction

II. Principles and Practice of Raman Spectroscopy

III. Special Applications of the Raman Effect

IV. Survey of Published Data on the Raman Spectra of Minerals

V. Conclusions: Further Work

References

13 Structural Interpretation of Lunar and Terrestrial Minerals by Raman Spectroscopy

I. Introduction

II. Relation of Structure and Spectra

III. Complex Silicates

IV. Structural Order

V. Characterization of Nucleation and Crystallization

References

Subject Index