Information Modeling and Relational Databases

3rd Edition - July 9, 2024
Authors: Terry Halpin, Tony Morgan
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 3 7 9 0 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 3 7 9 1 - 1

Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Third Edition, provides thorough coverage of information modeling approaches, including object-role modeling (ORM), entity-re… Read more

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Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Third Edition, provides thorough coverage of information modeling approaches, including object-role modeling (ORM), entity-relationship (ER) modeling, and the unified modeling language (UML). It shows how to map models developed with those approaches to a variety of relational and nonrelational database systems, including document databases, column-oriented databases, graph databases, and deductive databases. Process and state modeling, ontological modeling, and metamodeling are also covered. For this new edition, the coverage of ORM, ER, UML, SQL, OWL, and BPMN has been thoroughly updated to include their latest versions. A significant amount of new material has been added. Various data file formats such as CSV, XML, JSON, YAML, and some other markup languages are now covered, and a more thorough treatment is provided for nonrelational databases, especially NoSQL. One of the major features of the book is its large number of exercises, which have been thoroughly class-tested. This book is intended for anyone with a stake in the accuracy and efficacy of databases such as systems analysts, information modelers, database designers and administrators, and programmers.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Online resources
ORM software
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
Abstract
1.1 Information Modeling
1.2 Information Modeling Approaches
1.3 Historical Background
1.4 The Relevant Skills
1.5 Summary
References
2 Information Levels and Frameworks
Abstract
2.1 Four Information Levels
Exercise 2.1
2.2 The Conceptual Level
Exercise 2.2
2.3 Database Design Example
2.4 Development Frameworks
2.5 Summary
References
3 Conceptual Modeling: First Steps
Abstract
3.1 Conceptual Modeling Language Criteria
3.2 Conceptual Schema Design Procedure
3.3 CSDP Step 1: From Examples to Elementary Facts
Exercise 3.3
3.4 CSDP Step 2: Draw Fact Types and Populate
Exercise 3.4
3.5 CSDP Step 3: Trim Schema; Note Basic Derivations
Exercise 3.5
3.6 Summary
References
4 Uniqueness Constraints
Abstract
4.1 Introduction to CSDP Step 4
4.2 Uniqueness Constraints on Unaries and Binaries
Exercise 4.2
4.3 Uniqueness Constraints on Longer Fact Types
Exercise 4.3
4.4 External Uniqueness Constraints
Exercise 4.4
4.5 Arity Checks
Exercise 4.5
4.6 Projections and Joins
Exercise 4.6
4.7 Summary
References
5 Mandatory Roles
Abstract
5.1 Introduction to CSDP Step 5
5.2 Mandatory and Optional Roles
Exercise 5.2
5.3 Reference Schemes
Exercise 5.3
5.4 Case Study: A Compact Disc Retailer
Exercise 5.4
5.5 Logical Derivation Check
Exercise 5.5
5.6 Summary
References
6 Value, Set-Comparison, and Subtype Constraints
Abstract
6.1 Introduction to CSDP Step 6
6.2 Basic Set Theory
6.3 Value Constraints and Independent Types
Exercise 6.3
6.4 Subset, Equality, and Exclusion Constraints
Exercise 6.4
6.5 Subtyping
Exercise 6.5
6.6 Generalization of Object Types
Exercise 6.6
6.7 Summary
References
7 Other Constraints and Final Checks
Abstract
7.1 Introduction to CSDP Step 7
7.2 Frequency Constraints
Exercise 7.2
7.3 Ring Constraints
Exercise 7.3
7.4 Other Constraints and Rules
Exercise 7.4
7.5 Final Checks
Exercise 7.5
7.6 Summary
References
8 Entity-Relationship Modeling
Abstract
8.1 Overview of ER
8.2 Barker Notation
8.3 Information Engineering Notation
8.4 IDEF1X
8.5 Mapping from ORM to ER
Exercise 8.5
8.6 Summary
References
9 Data Modeling in UML
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Object-Orientation
9.3 Attributes
9.4 Associations
9.5 Set-Comparison Constraints
9.6 Subtyping
9.7 Other Constraints and Derivation Rules
9.8 Mapping from ORM to UML
Exercise 9.8
9.9 Summary
References
10 Advanced Modeling Issues
Abstract
10.1 Join Constraints
Exercise 10.1
10.2 Deontic Rules
Exercise 10.2
10.3 Temporality
Exercise 10.3
10.4 Collection Types
Exercise 10.4
10.5 Nominalization and Objectification
Exercise 10.5
10.6 Open/Closed World Semantics
Exercise 10.6
10.7 Higher-Order Types
Exercise 10.7
10.8 Further Constraints Involving Subtyping
10.9 Summary
References
11 Relational Mapping
Abstract
11.1 Implementing a Conceptual Schema
11.2 Relational Schemas
Exercise 11.2
11.3 Relational Mapping Procedure
Exercise 11.3
11.4 Advanced Mapping Aspects
Exercise 11.4
11.5 Summary
References
12 Relational Languages
Abstract
12.1 SQL: Relational Algebra
Exercise 12.1
12.2 Relational Database Systems
12.3 SQL: Historical and Structural Overview
12.4 SQL: Identifiers and Data Types
Exercise 12.4
12.5 SQL: Choosing Columns, Rows, and Order
Exercise 12.5
12.6 SQL: Joins
Exercise 12.6
12.7 SQL: in, between, like, and is null Operators
Exercise 12.7
12.8 SQL: Union and Simple Subqueries
Exercise 12.8
12.9 SQL: Scalar Operators and Bag Functions
Exercise 12.9
12.10 SQL: Grouping
Exercise 12.10
12.11 SQL: Correlated and Existential Subqueries
Exercise 12.11
12.12 SQL: Recursive Queries
12.13 SQL: Updating Table Populations
12.14 Summary
References
13 Other Database Features
Abstract
13.1 SQL: The Bigger Picture
13.2 SQL: Defining Tables
13.3 SQL: Views
Exercise 13.3
13.4 SQL: Triggers
Exercise 13.4
13.5 SQL: Routines
Exercise 13.5
13.6 More Database Objects
13.7 Transactions and Concurrency
13.8 Security and Metadata
13.9 Summary
References
14 Schema Transformations
Abstract
14.1 Schema Equivalence and Optimization
14.2 Predicate Specialization and Generalization
Exercise 14.2
14.3 Nesting, Coreferencing, and Flattening
Exercise 14.3
14.4 Other Transformations
Exercise 14.4
14.5 Conceptual Schema Optimization
Exercise 14.5
14.6 Normalization
Exercise 14.6
14.7 Denormalization and Low-Level Optimization
Exercise 14.7
14.8 Reengineering
Exercise 14.8
14.9 Data Migration and Query Transformation
Exercise 14.9
14.10 Summary
References
15 Process and State Modeling
Abstract
15.1 Modeling Dynamic Behavior
15.2 Processes and Workflow
15.3 Foundations for Process Theory
15.4 State Models
15.5 Modeling Information Dynamics in UML
15.6 Business Process Standards Initiatives
15.7 Business Process Model and Notation
15.8 Standard Process Patterns
15.9 Process Models, Databases, and ORM
15.10 Decision Model and Notation
Exercise 15.10
15.11 Summary
References
16 Data File Formats
Abstract
16.1 External Data Structures
16.2 XML
Exercise 16.2
16.3 JSON
16.4 Other Markup Languages
16.5 XML, JSON, and ORM
16.6 Summary
References
17 NoSQL and Other Nonrelational Databases
Abstract
17.1 The Growth of the NoSQL Movement
17.2 Key-Value Stores
17.3 Column-Oriented Databases
17.4 Document Databases
17.5 Graph Databases
17.6 Other Nonrelational Databases
17.7 Summary
References
18 Other Modeling Aspects and Trends
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Data Warehousing and OLAP
18.3 Conceptual Query Languages
18.4 Schema Abstraction Mechanisms
18.5 Further Design Aspects
18.6 Ontologies and the Semantic Web
18.7 Metamodeling
Exercise 18.7
18.8 Summary
References
ORM Glossary
UML Glossary
ER Glossary
Useful websites
Fact-oriented modeling (general)
Fact-oriented modeling tools
Business rules, data management, and data architecture frameworks
IDEF1X, SQL, XML, RDF, JSON, and OWL
UML, OCL, MDA, and SBVR
Workflow modeling
Bibliography
Bibliography
Entries marked with an asterisk “*” are accessible online at www.orm.net.
Index

Terry Halpin

Dr. Terry Halpin, is a Principal Scientist at LogicBlox, headquartered in Atlanta, USA, and a Professor at INTI International University, Malaysia. After many years in academia, he worked on data modeling technology at Asymetrix Corporation, InfoModelers Inc., Visio Corporation, and Microsoft Corporation, before returning to academia as Distinguished Professor at Neumont University (Utah, USA), and then once again returning to industry at LogicBlox and also taking a professorship at INTI. His research focuses on conceptual modeling and conceptual query technology. Dr. Halpin is the recipient of the DAMA International Academic Achievement Award and the IFIP Outstanding Service Award. He is a member of IFIP WG 8.1 (Design and Evaluation of Information Systems), is an editor or reviewer for several academic journals and international program committees, has co-chaired several international workshops on modeling, and has presented at dozens of international conferences in both industry and academia. For many years, his research has focused on conceptual modeling and conceptual query technology for information systems, using a business rules approach. His doctoral thesis formalized Object-Role Modeling (ORM/NIAM), and his publications include over 160 technical papers, and six books, including Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Second Edition, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Computer Science, INTI International University, Malaysia

Tony Morgan

Dr. Tony Morgan is a British computer scientist, data modeling consultant, and Professor in Computer Science at INTI International University, Malaysia. Dr. Morgan obtained his BA in Earth Sciences from The Open University, his BSc in Computer Systems Engineering from Coventry University, where in 1984 he also obtained his MSc in Control Engineering. In 1988 he obtained his PhD in Computer Science from University of Cambridge with a thesis on automated decision-making using qualitative reasoning. Dr. Morgan has done extensive work in industry with companies such as Unisys, EDS, and other corporations across transport, aerospace, government, and financial services, including the UK’s National Computing Centre in Manchester. Dr. Morgan has published several articles on AI and simulation. In 2003 he was appointed Professor of Computer Science and Vice President of Enterprise Informatics at Neumont University, Utah, USA. His research interests focus on business rules and business processes and the rapid development of high-quality information systems. Along with Dr. Halpin, he is the co-author of Information Modeling and Relational Databases, Second Edition, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor in Computer Science, INTI International University, Malaysia

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