Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology

1st Edition - May 8, 2015
Editors: Ashok Pandey, Rainer Höfer, Mohammad Taherzadeh, Madhavan Nampoothiri, Christian Larroche
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 4 5 3 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 4 6 4 - 1

Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the increasing focus on developing the processes and technologies needed for the conversio… Read more

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Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology
provides a comprehensive look at the increasing focus on developing the processes and technologies needed for the conversion of biomass to liquid and gaseous fuels and chemicals, in particular, the development of low-cost technologies.

During the last 3-4 years, there have been scientific and technological developments in the area; this book represents the most updated information and technological perspective on the topic.

List of Contributors
Preface
Part A. Industrial Biorefineries
- Chapter 1. Biorefinery Concepts in Comparison to Petrochemical Refineries
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. The Definition for Biorefinery
  - 3. The Economic Value of Biomass Using Biorefining
  - 4. Classification of Biorefineries
  - 5. Conventional Biorefineries
  - 6. Advanced Biorefineries
  - 7. Whole Crop Biorefinery
  - 8. Oleochemical Biorefinery
  - 9. Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery
  - 10. Syngas Platform Biorefinery (Thermochemical Biorefinery)
  - 11. Next Generation Hydrocarbon Biorefinery
  - 12. Green Biorefinery
  - 13. Marine Biorefinery
  - 14. Chain Development
  - 15. Biorefinery Concepts in Comparison to Petrochemical Refineries
  - 16. Biorefinery Complexity Index
  - 17. Discussion and Conclusions
- Chapter 2. Algal Biorefineries
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Algal Research in the USA
  - 3. Macroalgae
  - 4. Microalgae
  - 5. Downstream Processes
  - 6. Products Produced from Algae at Commercial Scales
  - 7. Conclusions
- Chapter 3A. Pulp Mills and Wood-Based Biorefineries
  - 1. General Aspects
  - 2. Pulping Processes and Their By-Products
  - 3. Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Pulping
  - 4. Thermochemical Conversion Methods
  - 5. Conclusions
- Chapter 3B. The Pine Biorefinery Platform Chemicals Value Chain
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Extractable Volatile Oils
  - 3. The Tall Oil Value Chain
  - 4. Conclusion
- Chapter 4A. Sugar- and Starch-Based Biorefineries
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Sugar and Starch Crops
  - 3. Sugarbeet Refining and Processing
  - 4. Alcoholic Fermentation
  - 5. The Ethanol-Based C2—Value Chain
  - 6. Beyond C2 Platform Chemicals by Fermentation
  - 7. Sucrochemistry
  - 8. Starch Refining and Processing
  - 9. Starch Uses
  - 10. Conclusions
- Chapter 4B. Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil: Economic Perspectives
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil: Context and Evolution
  - 3. Economic Aspects of Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil
  - 4. Final Remarks
- Chapter 5. Vegetable Oil Biorefineries
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Vegetable Oil Feedstock
  - 3. The Whole-Plant Biorefinery Concept—From Plants to Industrial Products
  - 4. Industrial Vegetable Oil Biorefineries
  - 5. Future Challenges of Industrialization
  - 6. Conclusions and Perspectives
- Chapter 6. Biogas Biorefineries
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Substrates for Biogas Production
  - 3. Biogas Utilization
  - 4. The Chemical Platform Methane
  - 5. Fertilizer Production
  - 6. Mass and Energy Balances
  - 7. Other Biorefinery Concepts with Strong Focus on Biogas Production
  - 8. Perspectives of Biogas Biorefineries
- Chapter 7. Civilization Biorefineries: Efficient Utilization of Residue-Based Bioresources
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Bioresources
  - 3. Civilization Biorefineries
  - 4. Approaches Toward Civilization Biorefineries
- Chapter 8. Biomass Pyrolysis for Hybrid Biorefineries
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Pyrolysis-Based Fractionation of Biomass
  - 3. Biomass Pyrolysis for Biorefineries
  - 4. A Pyrolysis-Based Hybrid Biorefinery Concept
  - 5. Conclusion
- Chapter 9. Single-Cell Biorefinery
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Simultaneous Substrates Utilization in Single Cell
  - 3. Coproduction in Single Cell
  - 4. Single-Cell Biorefinery
  - 5. Conclusion
Part B. White Biotechnology
- Chapter 10. Biocatalysis
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Screening for Novel Biocatalyst
  - 3. Development of Biocatalysts
  - 4. Raw Materials
  - 5. Reaction Media
  - 6. Conclusions
- Chapter 11. White Biotechnology for Organic Acids
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Conclusion
- Chapter 12. White Biotechnology for Amino Acids
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. History and Evolutionary Route
  - 3. Production Processes
  - 4. Strain Improvement
  - 5. Amino Acids in Detail
  - 6. Alternative Sources for Amino Acid Production
  - 7. Prospective and Outlook
- Chapter 13. Industrial Enzymes
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Enzymes Classification
  - 3. Microbial Enzyme Production
  - 4. Industrial Application of Enzymes
  - 5. Enzyme Immobilization
  - 6. Global Enzyme Market Scenario
  - 7. Conclusion
- Chapter 14. White Biotechnology in Biosurfactants
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Biosurfactants
  - 3. White Biotechnology in Glycolipids Biosurfactants
  - 4. White Biotechnology in Lipopeptide and Lipoprotein Biosurfactants
  - 5. White Biotechnology in Polymeric Biosurfactants
  - 6. Conclusion and Future Perspective
- Chapter 15. Exopolysaccharides from Prokaryotic Microorganisms—Promising Sources for White Biotechnology Processes
  - 1. Introduction and Definition
  - 2. Advantages and Disadvantages in Microbial Production of EPSs
  - 3. Composition and Structure
  - 4. EPS Properties and Structure–Function Relationships. Microbial Producers. Biofilms
  - 5. Polysaccharide Roles in the Prokaryotic Cell
  - 6. Synthetic Pathways
  - 7. EPS Production
  - 8. Commercially Important Properties and Industrial Applications of Market-Valued EPS
  - 9. New Microbial EPS. EPS from Extremophiles
  - 10. Conclusion
- Chapter 16. White Biotechnology for Biopolymers: Hydroxyalkanoates and Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Production and Applications
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Strains for Production of PHA
  - 3. PHA Produced in Industrial Scale
- Chapter 17. Microbial Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate and Related Copolymers
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. PHB-Producing Microbes
  - 3. Fermentation Strategies
  - 4. Downstream Operations
  - 5. Characterization Techniques
  - 6. Strain Improvement, Mutation, and Metabolic Engineering
  - 7. Substrate Manipulation for the Production of Various Classes of PHB
  - 8. Applications
  - 9. Conclusion and Perspectives
- Chapter 18. White Biotechnology in Cosmetics
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Functional Properties of Cosmetically Important Compounds
  - 3. Classification of Biotechnologically Derived Cosmetic Ingredients
  - 4. Conclusion
- Chapter 19. Production and Extraction of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides and Their Use as New Food Additives
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Extraction, Production, and Purification of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
  - 3. Food Applications of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
  - 4. Health and Nutritional Benefits of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
  - 5. Regulation and Safety Aspects
  - 6. Conclusions
Index

Ashok Pandey

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. He is HSBS National Innovation Chair (Biotechnology) and is/has been Visiting/Distinguished Professor in many countries. His major research and technological development interests are industrial & environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels & chemicals, waste to wealth & energy, etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Executive Director Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Lucknow, India

Rainer Höfer

Dr Rainer Höfer is owner of Editorial Ecosiris, which has consultancy and publishing activities in the domains of green chemistry, renewable resources, sustainable development, white biotechnology, and interculturation. He is the founder and owner of Editorial Ecosiris. Recent books by him include: R. Höfer, Ed., Sustainable Solutions for Modern Economies, RSC Publ., Cambridge (2009), A. Kazmi, B. Kamm, S. Henke, L. Theuvsen, R. Höfer, Advanced Oil Crop Biorefineries, A. Kazmi, Ed., RSC Publ. Cambridge (2012) ; J. E. McGrath, M. A. Hickner, R. Höfer (Edts.), Polymers for a Sustainable Environment and Green Energy, Vol. 10 in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, K. Matyjaszewski, M. Möller (Edts.-in-Chief), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, Waltham (2012).

Affiliations and expertise

Editorial Ecosiris, Düsseldorf, Germany

Mohammad Taherzadeh

Mohammad J. Taherzadeh is professor in Biotechnology since 2004 at University of Borås in Sweden. He is also director of Resource Recovery, a research profile with about 50 researchers to convert wastes to energy and value-added products. Prof. Taherzadeh has PhD in Bioscience and MSc and Bsc in Chemical Engineering. He is working on converting wastes and residuals to ethanol, biogas, fish feed and superabsorbents, in which fermentation development using bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi has a heavy weight. Prof. Taherzadeh has more than 120 publications in scientific peer-reviewed journals, 10 book chapters and two patents about filamentous fungi. Mohammad is the panel chairman of “biotechnology, chemical technology and environmental technology” of Swedish Research Council, and also in the editorial board of Bioresource Technology and BioResources.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Boras, Boras, Sweden

Madhavan Nampoothiri

K Madhavan Nampoothiri is presently working as Principal Scientist in Biotechnology Division of CSIR-NIIST, Trivandrum. Born on 30th May 1969a, Dr Nampoothiri took his graduation and post-graduation degrees from University of Kerala. In 1997, he obtained his PhD in Microbial Biotechnology from Cochin University of Science and Technology. He worked as Research Associate in Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore and as post-doctoral fellow of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany and Welcome Trust in the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. In 2001, he joined in CSIR-NIIST, Trivandrum. He is actively involved in Microbial Biotechnology R&D since past 16 years. He has nearly 90 publications, which include research papers in international journals, reviews articles and book chapters. Dr Nampoothiri has one Indian patent, five US patents and nine European patents. In 2003, he received Young scientist award from the Biotech Research Society, India.

Affiliations and expertise

CSIR-NIIST, Trivandrum, India

Christian Larroche

Prof Christian Larroche is former Director of Polytech Clermont, a graduate school of engineering of University Clermont-Auvergne, France. He is also member of the research laboratory Institut Pascal and of the laboratory of excellence ImobS3 at the same university. He has strong research skills and expertise in the area of applied microbiology and biochemical engineering. He is author of about 300 documents, including ~150 articles, three patents, 16 book chapters and 35 co-editions of books or journal special issues. He is member of French Society for Process Engineering (SFGP), of the French Society of Biotechnology and of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. He is also administrator of IBA-IFIBiop and editor of Journal of Food Sciences and Technology.

Affiliations and expertise

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Institute Pascal, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France

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Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology

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Ashok Pandey

Rainer Höfer

Mohammad Taherzadeh

Madhavan Nampoothiri

Christian Larroche