Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites

1st Edition - March 18, 2022
Editors: S.M. Sapuan, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, R.A. Ilyas
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 9 0 9 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 9 1 7 - 8

Nanocellulose is a versatile material that has received much attention from scientists working in a broad range of application fields, such as automotive, composites, ad… Read more

Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites

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Nanocellulose is a versatile material that has received much attention from scientists working in a broad range of application fields, such as automotive, composites, adsorbents, paints, coatings, medical implants, electronics, cosmetics, pulp and paper, tissue engineering, medical, packaging, and aerogels.

Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites provides an extensive, up-to-date review of this fast-moving research field. The chapters cover a wide range of aspects, including synthesis, surface modification, and improvement of properties toward target applications. The main objectives of the book are to reflect on recent advancements in the design and fabrication of advanced nanocellulose and discuss important requirements for each application, as well as the challenges that might be faced. The book also includes an overview of the current economic perspectives and safety issues, as well as future directions for nanocellulose-based materials.

It will serve as a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, environmental chemists, nanotechnologists, chemical engineers, polymer chemists, materials scientists, and all those working in the manufacturing industries.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Editors‘ biographies
Preface
1: Introduction to nanocellulose production from biological waste
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Types of nanocellulose
1.3: Properties of nanocellulose
1.4: Pretreatments of natural fibers
1.5: Nanocellulose preparation
1.6: Nanocellulose from biological waste
1.7: Applications of nanocellulose
1.8: Conclusions
References
2: Economic insights into the production of cellulose nanofibrils from oil palm biomass
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Materials and method
2.3: Results and discussion
2.4: Conclusions
References
3: Nanocellulose: Sustainable biomaterial for developing novel adhesives and composites
Abstract
Acknowledgments
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Lignocellulosic biomaterials
3.3: Bionanomaterials
3.4: Cellulose-based micro/nanomaterials
3.5: Nanocellulose-reinforced adhesives
3.6: Nanocellulose-reinforced composites
3.7: Conclusions and future perspectives
References
4: Nanocellulose-based aerogels for various engineering applications
Abstract
Acknowledgments
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Polymer aerogels—Definition and applications
4.3: Natural polymer-based aerogels and cellulose-based aerogels
4.4: Cellulose- and nanocellulose-based aerogels
4.5: Applications of nanocellulose-based aerogels
4.6: Conclusions
References
5: Nanocellulose: Chemistry, preparation, and applications in the food industry
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Chemistry of cellulose and nanocellulose
5.3: Applications
5.4: Conclusions
References
6: Nanocellulose nanocomposites in coating materials
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Surface modification of nanocellulose coating with silane
6.3: Types of coating of modified nanocellulose
6.4: The properties of nanocellulose nanocomposite in coating materials
6.5: Applications of nanocellulose nanocomposite in coating materials
6.6: Conclusions
References
7: Nanocellulose as an adsorbent for heavy metals
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Heavy metals as chemical contaminants
7.3: Removal of heavy metals by adsorption
7.4: Properties of nanocellulose as an adsorbent
7.5: Adsorption of heavy metals with nanocellulose
7.6: Challenges and future direction
References
8: Nanocellulose in sensors
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Applications of nanocellulose in sensors
8.3: Challenges derived from the use of nanocellulose in sensors
8.4: Conclusions
References
9: An overview of cellulose nanofiber physicochemical characterizations and biological studies in relation to nanosafety concerns
Abstract
Acknowledgments
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Physicochemical properties of CNF suspension
9.3: Potential applications of CNF in industry and consumer products
9.4: Biological safety studies of CNF using a cellular test system
9.5: Biological safety studies of CNF using a mammalian test system
9.6: Biological testing of CNF suspension using an aquatic test system
9.7: Conclusions
References
10: Nanocellulose hydrogels
Abstract
Acknowledgments
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Production and properties of nanocellulose hydrogels
10.3: Hydrogels using nanocellulose as reinforcing agents
10.4: Main potential applications of nanocellulose hydrogels
10.5: Final considerations
References
11: Nanocellulose applications in packaging materials
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Polymer-reinforced cellulose nanofiber composites
11.3: Modifications to improve the properties of polymer-reinforced cellulose nanofiber composites
11.4: Fabrication methods of polymer-reinforced cellulose nanofiber composites
11.5: Conclusions
References
12: Active biocomposite packaging films: Compatibility of carrageenan with cellulose nanofiber from empty fruit bunches
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Carrageenan
12.3: Cellulose
12.4: Compatibility between seaweed and cellulose
12.5: Glycerol as a plasticizer
12.6: Antioxidants in food packaging materials
12.7: Alpha-tocopherol
12.8: Biocomposite packaging film
References
13: Enhanced thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals for processing polymer nanocomposites at a high temperature
Abstract
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Process to enhance the thermal stability of CNC
13.3: Thermally stable CNC-reinforced polymer nanocomposites
References
14: Nanocellulose nanocomposites for biomedical applications
Abstract
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Biological properties of cellulose-based biomedical materials
14.3: Advanced nanocellulose materials for biomedical applications
14.4: Conclusions and future perspectives
References
15: Nanocellulose biocomposites in specialty papermaking
Abstract
15.1: Introduction
15.2: Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)
15.3: Nanocellulose biocomposites in food packaging
15.4: Nanocellulose biocomposites in high-durability paper
15.5: Nanocellulose biocomposites in printing paper
15.6: The future of nanocellulose biocomposites in specialty papermaking
References
16: Nanocellulose composites in the pulp and paper industry
Abstract
16.1: Introduction
16.2: Nanocellulose
16.3: Methods of incorporation of nanocellulose into paper-based products
16.4: Paper-based products incorporated with nanocellulose
16.5: Properties of nanocellulose-incorporated paper-based products
16.6: Challenges and future perspectives of nanocellulose in pulp and paper applications
16.7: Conclusions
References
17: Nanocellulose nanocomposites in textiles
Abstract
17.1: Introduction
17.2: Functionalization of nanocellulose in the textile industry
17.3: Applications of nanocellulose in the textile industry
17.4: Challenges related to application of nanocellulose in the textile industry
17.5: Conclusions
References
18: Nanocellulose as a bioadsorbent for water and wastewater purification
Abstract
Acknowledgments
18.1: Introduction
18.2: Chemical contaminants
18.3: Currently available bioadsorbents
18.4: Functionalization of nanocellulose
18.5: Nanocellulose as a bioadsorbent
18.6: Future direction and recommendations
18.7: Conclusions
References
19: Nanocellulose composites in the automotive industry
Abstract
19.1: Introduction
19.2: The advantages of nanocellulose
19.3: Nanocellulose composites for automotive applications
19.4: Performance of thermosetting polymers as a composite matrix
19.5: Performance of nanocellulose-reinforced thermosetting polymer composites
19.6: Future perspectives of nanocellulose
19.7: Conclusions
References
20: Advances in nanocellulose nanocomposites for bone repair
Abstract
20.1: Introduction
20.2: Tissue engineering
20.3: Cellulose nanocomposites
20.4: Cellulose nanocomposites for bone repair and regeneration
20.5: Concluding remarks
References
21: Nanocellulose composites for electronic applications
Abstract
Acknowledgments
21.1: Introduction
21.2: Types of nanocellulose
21.3: Mechanical properties of nanocellulose polymer composites
21.4: Thermal properties of nanocellulose composites
21.5: Electrical properties of nanocellulose composites
21.6: Conductive nanocellulose composites
21.7: Nanocellulose in sensors
21.8: Nanocellulose in piezoelectric and electroactive effects
21.9: Nanocellulose in electronic components
21.10: Nanocellulose as a separator in lithium-ion batteries
21.11: Summary
References
Index

S.M. Sapuan

S.M. Sapuan is a Professor (Grade A) of composite material Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Head of Advanced Engineering Materials & Composite Research Centre, UPM and Chief Executive Editor of Pertanika journals in office of Deputy Vice Chancellor, UPM. He earned BEng in Mechanical Engineering, University of Newcastle, Australia, MSc in Engineering Design, Loughborough University, UK and PhD in Material Engineering, De Montfort University, UK. He is Professional Engineer, and Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences, Society of Automotive Engineers International, Academy of Sciences Malaysia, International Society for Development and Sustainability, Plastic & Rubber Institute Malaysia, Malaysian Scientific Association, International Biographical Association and Institute of Material Malaysia. He is Honorary Member of Asian Polymer Association and Founding Chairman and Honorary Member of Society of Sugar Palm Development & Industry, Malaysia. He was World Class Visiting Professor, Andalas University Indonesia. He is Editor in Chief of Journal of Natural Fibre Polymer Composites, co-editor-in-chief of Functional Composites and Structures, Associate Editor-in-Chief, Defence Technology, Elsevier, and editorial board member of 30 journals. He has produced over 2000 publications including over 988 journal papers, 68 books, and 250 chapters in book. He has delivered 75 plenary and keynote lectures, and 150 invited lectures. He organized 33 journal special issues as guest editor, reviewed 1500 journal papers and has 8 patents. He successfully supervised 100 PhD and 75 MSc students and 16 postdoctoral researchers. His h-index is 121 with 53,000 citations (Google Scholar). He received ISESCO Science Award, Khwarizimi International Award, National Book Award, Endeavour Research Promotion Award, Citation of Excellence Award, Emerald, UK, Malaysia’s Research Star Award, Publons Peer Review Award, USA, Professor of Eminence Award and Top Research Scientists’ Malaysia Award. He was listed in World Top 2% Scientists, Stanford University, USA. He received SAE Subir Chowdhury Medal of Quality Leadership, International Society of Bionic Engineering Outstanding Contribution Award, China, Ikon Akademia 2022, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia , The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Award in Engineering Sciences, Materials Science Leader Award by Research.com, IET Malaysia Leadership Award, William Johnson International Gold Medal, Life Time Achievement KnowTex Award and COMSTECH Best Scientific Book Award.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of composite materials at the Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and is head of the Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim

M. N. F. Norrrahim is a distinguished researcher with a profound passion for nanotechnology. His remarkable expertise in these fields is underscored by his extensive body of high-impact publications. To date, He has authored or co-authored over 133 scholarly articles, including 3 books, 87 journal paper, and 43 book chapters in esteemed journals. Norrrahim’s exceptional work has not gone unnoticed; he has been honored with several local and international innovation awards. His remarkable scholarly influence is reflected in his current H-index, which stands at 39 on Google Scholar and 35 on Scopus, solidifying his place as a leading authority in his field. His dedication and contributions have led to his inclusion in the prestigious list of the World's Top 2% Scientists by Stanford University, USA.

Affiliations and expertise

Postdoctoral Fellow, Research Center for Chemical Defence (CHEMDEF), National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

R.A. Ilyas

R.A. Ilyas is a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. He is also a Fellow of International Association of Advanced Materials (IAAM), Sweden, Fellow of International Society for Development and Sustainability (ISDS), Japan, a member of Royal Society of Chemistry, UK and Institute of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), UK, Chair of Science Outreach for Young Scientists Network - Academy of Sciences Malaysia (YSN-ASM) 2023. He received his Diploma in Forestry, Bachelor's Degree (BSc) in Chemical Engineering, and Ph.D. degree in the field of Biocomposite Technology & Design at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. R.A. Ilyas was the recipient of the MVP Doctor of Philosophy Gold Medal Award UPM 2019, for Best Ph.D. Thesis and Top Student Award, INTROP, UPM. He was awarded with Outstanding Reviewer by Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier United Kingdom, Top Cited Article 2020-2021 Journal Polymer Composite, Wiley, 2022, and Best Paper Award at various International Conferences. R.A. Ilyas also was listed and awarded among World’s Top 2% Scientist (Career-Long Achievement) Year 2022 and 2023, World’s Top 2% Scientist (Subject-Wise) Citation Impact during the Single Calendar Year 2019-2023 by Stanford University, US, PERINTIS Publication Award 2021 and 2022 by Persatuan Saintis Muslim Malaysia, Emerging Scholar Award by Automotive and Autonomous Systems 2021, Belgium, Young Scientists Network - Academy of Sciences Malaysia (YSN-ASM) 2021, UTM Young Research Award 2021, UTM Publication Award 2021&2023, and UTM Highly Cited Researcher Award 2021. In 2021, he won Gold Award and Special Award (Kreso Glavac (The Republic of Croatia) at the Malaysia Technology Expo (MTE2022), Gold Award dan Special Award at International Borneo Innovation, Exhibition & Competition 2022 (IBIEC2022), and, a Gold Award at New Academia Learning Innovation (NALI2022). He was awarded with Best Scientific Book Award from COMSTECH, Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Pakistan and ModTech, Romania. His main research interests are (1) Polymer Engineering (Biodegradable Polymers, Biopolymers, Polymer composites, Polymer-gels) and (2) Material Engineering (Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, Biocomposites, Cellulose materials, Nano-composites). To date he has authored or co-authored more than 500 publications on green materials related subjects.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Lecturer, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Center for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

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Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites

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S.M. Sapuan

Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim

R.A. Ilyas