Imaging Neuroinflammation

1st Edition, Volume 9 - April 13, 2023
Authors: Cornelia Laule, John D Port
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 7 7 1 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 7 2 2 4 - 6

Imaging Neuroinflammation provides an overview of the molecular and cellular basis of inflammation and its effects on neuroanatomy, reviews state-of-the-art imaging tools available… Read more

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Imaging Neuroinflammation provides an overview of the molecular and cellular basis of inflammation and its effects on neuroanatomy, reviews state-of-the-art imaging tools available to measure neuroinflammation, and describes the application of those tools to both preclinical animal disease models and human disease.This book is an authoritative reference on imaging neuroinflammation, MRI, neuroinflammation, MR Spectroscopy of inflammation, Iron imaging in inflammation, and more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Series page
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Part 1 Overview
Chapter 1: Molecular and tissue basis of neuroinflammation in health and disease
Abstract
General introduction
Blood-brain barrier alterations
Conclusion
References
Part 2 Imaging approaches to inflammation
Chapter 2: Sensitivity and specificity of diffusion MRI to neuroinflammatory processes
Abstract
What is diffusion MRI?
Sensitivity of diffusion MRI to cellular inflammatory processes
Specificity of diffusion MRI to cellular inflammatory processes
Conclusion and outlook
References
Chapter 3: Iron imaging in neuroinflammation
Abstract
Introduction
Magnitude techniques and relaxation time measurements
Phase-based iron imaging
Susceptibility-based iron quantification
Miscellaneous considerations
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: MRS in neuroinflammation
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Brain metabolism accessible with MRS
MRS data acquisition
MRS data analysis
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 5: Magnetization transfer and chemical exchange saturation transfer in neuroinflammation
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Central nervous system inflammation
Magnetization transfer as an umbrella term
MTC phenomenon and observations
The MT experiment
Quantification of the MT effect
MT imaging of acute inflammation: Histopathological and clinical validations
MT imaging of chronic inflammation: Histopathological and clinical validations
MT applications: Concluding remarks
Chemical exchange saturation transfer
Confounds to the asymmetry measurement of the CEST effect
Summary of confounds
CEST imaging of acute inflammation: Histopathological and clinical validations
CEST imaging of chronic inflammation: Histopathological and clinical validations
CEST applications: Concluding remarks
Unmet needs and application opportunities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Gadolinium-based imaging of the blood brain barrier and brain waste clearance pathways
Abstract
Introduction
Brain waste clearance pathways
Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging of brain waste clearance pathways and blood-brain barrier disruption
Gadolinium-based MRI techniques and the disrupted blood-brain barrier
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Magnetic particle imaging
Abstract
In vivo cellular imaging with magnetic resonance imaging
In vivo cellular imaging with magnetic particle imaging
Basic principles of MPI
Nanoparticles for MPI
Analysis and quantification of MPI data
MPI of inflammation
MPI in the brain
Challenges and limitations of MPI
Future of MPI cell tracking
References
Chapter 8: Positron emission tomography imaging of neuroinflammation
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction to neuroinflammation
Biomarkers of neuroinflammation
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Part 3 Animal models
Chapter 9: The use of animal models of neuroinflammation for imaging studies
Abstract
Introduction
Animal models of central nervous system neuroinflammation
Hypoxia
Sex and hormone differences in animal models of CNS inflammation
Gut microbiome—CNS axis
Applicability and clinical relevance: Are there bad animal models of disease?
Developing imaging methods to study CNS inflammation
Gadolinium as a marker of neuroinflammation
Inflammatory components for imaging consideration
Imaging physiological, microstructural, and biochemical changes
New horizons
Acknowledgments
References
Part 4 Human inflammation-based diseases
Chapter 10: Stroke
Abstract
Introduction
Stroke pathophysiology
Neuroinflammation in stroke
The influence of systemic and neuroinflammation on stroke recovery
Dynamic contrast enhanced imaging
Diffusion imaging
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Positron emission tomography
Superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide enhanced MRI
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Central nervous system vasculitis
Abstract
Historical diagnostic approach
Vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VWMRI)
Differential diagnosis
Combined value of biopsy and VWMRI
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 12: Dementia
Abstract
Abbreviations
Dementia and inflammation
In vivo imaging of inflammation in dementia
Beyond TSPO PET: Other targets and novel tracers in dementia
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Parkinson's disease
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiological evidence
Genetic evidence
Pathology and biology of inflammation
Blood and CSF biomarkers
Neuroimaging—Positron emission tomography
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical landscape of ALS
Neuroinflammation in ALS
Imaging signatures of neuroinflammation in ALS
Summary and future directions
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Multiple sclerosis
Abstract
Introduction
Part 1: Timeline of white matter lesion development
Part 2: Inflammatory changes in nonlesioned white matter
Part 3: Inflammatory changes in the cortex and meninges of MS patients
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Pediatric leukodystrophies
Abstract
Introduction
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS)
Alexander disease
Krabbe disease
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD)
Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD)
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Lupus
Abstract
Introduction to SLE and clinical aspects of NPSLE
Conventional MRI
Diffusion-weighted MRI
Functional MRI
Perfusion MRI
Other imaging modalities for assessing SLE
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Autoimmune encephalitis
Abstract
What is autoimmune encephalitis?
Why is imaging important?
What we will cover
Limbic encephalitis
PCD and autoimmune ataxia
Brainstem encephalitis
Movement disorders and involvement of basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)
Encephalomyelitis and specific antibody syndromes
Other differential diagnoses
Encephalitis with normal MRI
Body imaging
Summary
References
Chapter 19: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Neuroinflammation
1H-MRS
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)
Diffusion imaging
Gadolinium-based imaging
Positron emission tomography translocator protein (PET TSPO)
Conclusion
References
Index

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Cornelia Laule

John D Port