Human Aging

From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

1st Edition - May 11, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Calogero Caruso, Giuseppina Candore
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 5 6 9 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 7 3 7 - 4

Human Aging: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies offers an exhaustive picture of all the biological aspects of human aging by describing the key mechanisms associate… Read more

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Human Aging: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies offers an exhaustive picture of all the biological aspects of human aging by describing the key mechanisms associated with human aging and covering events that could disrupt the normal course of aging. Each chapter includes a summary of the salient points covered, along with futures prospects. The book provides readers with the information they need to gain or deepen the skills needed to evaluate the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases and to monitor the effectiveness of therapies aimed at slowing aging.

The book encourages PhD and Postdoc students, researchers, health professionals and others interested in the biology of aging to explore the fascinating and challenging questions about why and how we age as well as what can and cannot be done about it.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1: Aging and longevity: An evolutionary approach
Abstract
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Why does aging occur?
1.3: Mechanisms of aging
1.4: Causality and chance in aging and longevity
1.5: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 2: Demographic aspects of aging
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Understanding the process: Browsing around the demographic transition theories
2.3: Aging inequalities
2.4: Conclusions and perspectives
Chapter 3: Pathobiology of aging: An introduction to age-related diseases
Abstract
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Complexity
3.3: Hallmarks of aging
3.4: Genomic instability
3.5: Epigenetic alteration
3.6: Deregulated nutrient sensing pathways
3.7: Loss of proteostasis
3.8: Mitochondrial dysfunction
3.9: Telomere attrition
3.10: Cellular senescence
3.11: Stem cell exhaustion
3.12: Altered intercellular communication
3.13: Cancer and aging
3.14: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 4: Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in aging process
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Signaling pathway stimulating the appearance of SASP
4.3: SASP components
4.4: MiRNA and extracellular vesicles as new regulators and components of SASP
4.5: SASP profile in different cell types
4.6: Cellular senescence, SASP, and aging
4.7: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 5: The role of inflammaging in the development of chronic diseases of older people
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Basic mechanisms: Cellular senescence, inflammaging, molecular inflammation, and senoinflammation
5.3: Is chronic inflammatory state a common denominator of ARDs?
5.4: The case of COVID-19
5.5: Proposed interventions to prevent ARDs
5.6: Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 6: A new perspective on ROS in aging with an integrated view of the gut microbiota
Abstract
Acknowledgments
6.1: Introduction
6.2: The reactive oxygen species
6.3: The biological function of ROS
6.4: The oxidative stress theory of aging
6.5: ROS signaling in gut barrier, inflammation, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota in aging
6.6: Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 7: Aging of immune system
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Changes in the adaptive immunity
7.3: Changes in the innate immunity
7.4: Inflammaging
7.5: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 8: Vaccination in old age: Challenges and promises
Abstract
Funding
8.1: Introduction
8.2: The state of the art
8.3: Challenges and promises
8.4: Conclusion and future perspectives
Note added in proof
Chapter 9: Resilience signaling and hormesis in brain health and disease
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Regional specificity of brain resilience and vulnerability to stress
9.3: Hydrogen sulfide: A resilient signaling molecule in brain disorders
9.4: Plant polyphenols improve resilience and brain health via “Vitagenes”
9.5: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 10: Different components of frailty in the aging subjects—The role of sarcopenia
Abstract
10.1: Frailty definition and assessment
10.2: Physical frailty and sarcopenia: two sides of the same coin
10.3: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of Sarcopenia
10.4: Genetic components of sarcopenia
10.5: Lifestyle risk factors for sarcopenia
10.6: Management of sarcopenia
10.7: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 11: Hormones in aging
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Endocrine physiology: The role of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus
11.3: Gonadal function in aging
11.4: Growth hormone and aging
11.5: Adrenal function in aging
11.6: Thyroid function in aging
11.7: Conclusions and future perspective
Chapter 12: Chronobiology and chrononutrition: Relevance for aging
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Biorhythms
12.3: Central oscillator and peripheral oscillators
12.4: Clock-controlled genes
12.5: Biological clock modulation and chronodisruption
12.6: Diet, circadian rhythm, aging, and longevity
12.7: Meals composition for successful aging
12.8: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 13: Nutraceutical approach to age-related diseases—The clinical evidence on cognitive decline
Abstract
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Data selection
13.3: The state of the art
13.4: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 14: Ways to become old: Role of lifestyle in modulation of the hallmarks of aging
Abstract
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Primary hallmarks and lifestyle
14.3: Antagonistic hallmarks and lifestyle
14.4: Integrative hallmarks and lifestyle
14.5: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 15: Nutritional biomarkers in aging research
Abstract
15.1: Introduction
15.2: Minerals (zinc and selenium)
15.3: Vitamins
15.4: Polyunsaturated fatty acids
15.5: Carotenoids
15.6: Polyphenols
15.7: Molecular biomarkers of aging and nutrition
15.8: Conclusions and future perspectives
Chapter 16: The role of cytomegalovirus in organismal and immune aging
Abstract
16.1: Introduction
16.2: Host immune response to CMV
16.3: CMV, longevity, and chronic diseases
16.4: CMV and immune aging
16.5: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 17: Ethics of aging
Abstract
17.1: Population aging: The challenges
17.2: Moral and social attitudes to old age
17.3: Ethics of aging
17.4: Fair allocation of medical resources
17.5: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 18: Conclusions. Slowing aging and fighting age-related diseases, from bench to bedside?
Abstract
18.1: Introduction
18.2: Aging and gender medicine
18.3: The role of immune-inflammatory responses in aging and age-related diseases, and therapeutic interventions
18.4: Slowing aging and fighting age-related diseases
18.5: Conclusions and future perspectives
Index

Calogero Caruso

Calogero Caruso is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics at the University of Palermo. He has authored over 415 papers, mostly on ageing, age-related diseases, and longevity. He was founder and editor in chief of Immunity & Ageing from 2004 to 2018, Coordinator of the PhD program in Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology (formerly Pathobiology) from 1998-2018, and National Coordinator of Italian Ministerial Project on Centenarians and Longevity from 2016-2019. Finally, with Prof. Giuseppina Candore he is responsible for the local unit of the project “Improved Vaccination Strategies for Older Adults (ISOLDA)” funded by the European Commission. The national and international recognition of his scientific achievements in the field of Biogerontology is documented by funded projects, by the number of citations of his papers, by invitations to national and international congresses and meetings, by his activity as a project reviewer and by organization of international conferences.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor Emeritus, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy

Giuseppina Candore

Giuseppina Candore is an Associate Professor of General Pathology with the Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence in the Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics at University of Palermo. She has authored 244 papers, mostly on ageing and longevity. She is Co-coordinator of Italian Ministerial Project on Centenarians and Longevity, and with Prof. Calogero Caruso she is responsible for the local unit of the project “Improved Vaccination Strategies for Older Adults (ISOLDA)” just funded by European Commission. She is Director of School od Specialty in Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology. The national and international recognition of her scientific achievements in the field of Biogerontology is documented by the number of citations of her papers and by organization of national and international conferences.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor of General Pathology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health