How Synthetic Drugs Work
Insights into Molecular Pharmacology of Classic and New Pharmaceuticals
- 1st Edition - September 6, 2022
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editors: Imran Kazmi, Sanmoy Karmakar, Md Adil Shaharyar, Muhammad Afzal, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 8 5 5 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 3 6 8 - 3
How Synthetic Drugs Work: Insights into Molecular Pharmacology of Classic and New Pharmaceuticals provides comprehensive, structured access to robust information on molecu… Read more
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Request a sales quoteHow Synthetic Drugs Work: Insights into Molecular Pharmacology of Classic and New Pharmaceuticals provides comprehensive, structured access to robust information on molecular pharmacology for clinicians, research scientists and advanced health care students. The book covers the foundations of molecular pharmacology and the main drug classes, including detailed information on their mechanisms of action and the application of molecular pharmacology in drug development. This book is an ideal reference for graduate students and researchers in pharmacology, however, researchers in corporate settings will also benefit from the book's structured and detailed coverage of mechanisms of action of synthetic drugs.
- Presents the mechanism of action of most recent synthetic drugs available
- Includes newly reported action mechanisms of conventional drugs
- Contains colored illustrations of the pathway through which the drug exerts therapeutic action
Academicians, students and researchers of pharmacology and medicine. Research and Development based industries dealing with the production of synthetic drugs, life Sciences, Biotechnology based industry
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Chapter 1. Introduction to molecular pharmacology: basic concepts
- Abstract
- Pharmacology
- Drugs
- Brief history of pharmacology
- Routes of drug administration
- Local routes of drug administration
- Pharmacokinetics
- Specialized transport
- Pinocytosis
- Absorption
- Factors affecting absorption of drugs
- Drug distribution
- Water compartments in the body
- Other sites
- Drug metabolism
- Kinetics of metabolism
- Drug excretion
- Pharmacodynamics: drug receptor interactions or mechanism of drug effects
- Mechanism of drug actions
- Some important definitions
- Nature of receptors
- Transducer mechanisms
- Reference
- Chapter 2. Mechanism of action of cholinergic drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Chemistry of autonomic neurotransmitters
- Biochemistry of acetylcholine
- Signal transduction mechanisms involved in drug response
- Nicotinic receptor
- Muscarinic receptors
- Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 3. Mechanism of action of adrenergic drugs and recent updates
- Abstract
- Background
- The Nervous System
- Adrenergic Drugs
- Pharmacological Actions
- Adrenergic Nerve Receptors
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4. Insight into the mechanism of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction to inflammation and its role
- Inflammatory diseases
- Inflammatory disease and their treatments
- Classification of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids in broad category
- Mechanism of action of corticosteroids and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Contraindications of corticosteroids
- Contraindications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5. Insight into the mechanism of action of anti-diabetic drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Biochemical background of diabetes mellitus
- Classification of diabetes
- Pathophysiology of type-1 diabetes
- Other specific types of diabetes
- Etiology
- Sulfonylureas
- Effect of amaryl in adipose cells: regulation of key metabolic proteins/enzymes
- Biguanides
- Metformin
- Metformin and organic cation transporters
- KATP channel modulators (nonsulfonyl ureas): meglitinides
- Other glucose-lowering agents
- References
- Chapter 6. Molecular mechanism of action of estrogens, progestins, and androgens
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Mechanism of action of endogenous steroid sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, and androgens)
- Role of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen in diseases
- Synthetic estrogens, progestins, and androgens for treatment of hormone-related diseases
- References
- Chapter 7. Mechanism of action of sedatives, hypnotics, and antianxiety drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Generalized mode of action of anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics
- Anxiety and antianxiety medications
- Sedatives and hypnotics
- Closing remarks
- References
- Chapter 8. Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of epilepsy
- Role of GABA
- Role of glutamate
- General treatment
- Newer antiepileptic drugs
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9. Mechanism of action of anti-Parkinson's drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction to Parkinson’s disease
- Parkinson’s disease symptoms, and its subtypes
- Epidemiology and risk factors for Parkinson’s disease
- Substantia nigra and its association with neuronal components
- Pathophysiology and pathoanatomy of Parkinson’s disease
- Anti-Parkinson’s disease drugs
- Catechol-o-methyltransferase
- Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors and Parkinson’s disease
- Monoamine oxidase
- Monoamine oxidase-A and monoamine oxidase-B
- Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A and monoamine oxidase-B
- Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor selegiline and Parkinson’s disease
- Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor lazabemide in Parkinson’s disease
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 10. Mechanism of action of antipsychotics and antimanics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definition of physiological disorders
- Genetic factors for psychological diseases
- Environmental factors
- Pathophysiology of psychotic disease
- Mechanisms of action of lithium
- Regulation of intracellular calcium
- References
- Chapter 11. Mechanism of action of antidepressants
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of major depression
- Monoamines and other neurotransmitters hypotheses
- Neurotrophic hypotheses
- Stress-responsive/HPA axis hypotheses
- Dysbiosis/gut/brain axis hypotheses
- Glutamate hypotheses
- Assimilation of hypotheses on depression pathophysiology
- Fundamental pharmacology of antidepressants
- Glutamate signaling antagonist
- Adverse effect and interaction of antidepressant drugs
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 12. Mechanism on the action of drugs for heart failure
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Classification of heart failure
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Management of heart failure
- Diuretics
- Vasodilators
- Digoxin
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Angiotensin-II blockers (AT1 antagonists)
- Beta-blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Newer agents
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13. Mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Signs and symptoms of cardiac arrhythmia
- Genetics of cardiac arrhythmias
- The QT-opathies
- The other channelopathies
- Principles of electrophysiology
- Types of cardiac arrhythmias
- Antiarrhythmic drugs
- New developments in antiarrhythmic therapy
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14. Insights into the mode of action of antianginal and vasodilating agents
- Abstract
- Pathophysiology associated with angina pectoris
- USFDA classification of antianginal drugs
- Mechanism of action of nitrates
- Mechanism of action of beta-blockers
- Mechanism of action of calcium channel blocker
- Mechanism of action of potassium channel opener
- Other drugs
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 15. Mechanism of action of drugs used in hypertension
- Abstract
- Etiology of hypertension
- Normal regulation of blood pressure
- Classification of antihypertensive drugs
- Diuretics
- Sympatholytic agents
- Ca2+ channel blockers
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- AngII receptor antagonist
- Direct renin inhibitor
- Vasodilators
- D1 receptor agonist
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 16. Mechanism of action of diuretic and anti-diuretic drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Brief anatomy and physiology of the nephron
- Classification of diuretics (according to site of their action)
- Normal physiology of different parts of nephron and related diuretics
- Diuretic acting on glomerulus
- Drugs acting on proximal convoluted tubule
- Diuretics acting on thick ascending limb
- Mechanism of hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesemia
- Mechanism of hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis
- Diuretics acting on distal convoluted tubule
- Diuretics acting on tubule system
- Others
- Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 17. Mechanism of action of drugs used in gastrointestinal diseases
- Abstract
- Overview
- Introduction
- Neuronal and hormonal control over gastrointestinal tract
- Gastrointestinal acid regulation
- Peptic ulcer
- Drugs used for neutralizing and inhibiting acid release
- H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor/ Proton pump inhibitor (PPIs): Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole Mechanism of Action
- Antiemetics and emetics
- Emetics
- Laxatives, purgatives, and cathartics
- Antidiarrheal agents
- Oral rehydration supplements
- References
- Chapter 18. Mechanisms of action of antibacterial agents (AMA)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Classification of β-lactams
- Cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors–
- Carbapenems
- Cephalosporins
- Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind the 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19. Mechanism of action of antifungal agents
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology fungal diseases
- Mechanism of antifungal agents
- Black fungus and COVID-19
- Source
- Reasons for sudden development
- Symptoms
- Treatments
- Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 20. Insights into the mechanism of action of antiviral drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Virus life cycle and pathogenesis
- Classification of drugs based on viral targets
- Pathophysiology of viruses
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 21. Insight into the molecular mechanism of action of anticancer drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- United States Food and Drug Administration
- Newer United States Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs
- Mechanism of action
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 22. An insight into the agents used for immunomodulation and their mechanism of action
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Immunomodulators
- Immunosuppressants
- Glucocorticoid
- Mechanism of action of classical immunomodulatory drugs
- Prednisone
- Hydrocortamate
- Calcineurin inhibitors
- Cyclosporine
- Tacrolimus
- Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors
- Sirolimus
- Everolimus
- Antimetabolite
- Leflunomide
- 6-Mercaptopurine pathology and treatment
- Alkalyting agent
- Steroid-free medications
- Oral signs and symptoms
- Cyclophosphamide
- Definition of biologics
- Biologics are divided into three groups based on their chemical composition
- Mechanism of action of newer immunomodulators
- Usage of biologics for clinical indications
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha Inhibitor
- Categorization
- Etanercept
- Infliximab
- Interleukin-1 inhibitors
- Anakinra
- Daclizumab
- Polyclonal antibody
- Antithymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG)
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Alemtuzumab
- Vaccine
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
- Antihelminthics
- Albendazole
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 23. Mechanism of opioids action and their receptor-dependent signaling
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Opioid receptors
- Opioid ligands
- Molecular recognition of opioids
- Classic mechanism
- Ion channels
- Adenylate cyclase
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling
- Tolerance
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 24. Application of molecular pharmacology in research techniques and drug development
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Molecular pharmacology methods and their application in drug discovery approaches
- Molecular approaches based on network
- Mechanism-based approach in drug discovery
- Molecular biology method in human disease and drug discovery
- Human disease networks and molecular pharmacology
- Molecular pharmacology in treatment response prediction
- Investigation of disease mechanisms by molecular pharmacology
- Gene regulation and disease state
- Molecular pharmacology approaches in drug discovery
- Drug–target networks and molecular pharmacology
- Predictions of drug–target interactions
- Investigations of drug adverse effects by molecular pharmacology approaches
- Drug repositioning and molecular pharmacology
- Predictions of drug combination and molecular pharmacology approaches
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 6, 2022
- No. of pages (Paperback): 600
- No. of pages (eBook): 600
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323998550
- eBook ISBN: 9780323913683
IK
Imran Kazmi
Is currently working as an Associate Professor in College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. He has 10 years of experience in teaching and research. His key area of research involves pharmacological evaluation and establishment of mechanism of action of novel isolated phytoconstituents and synthetic drugs. He has more than 70 papers in different peer reviewed journal. He wrote more than 14 books/chapters with different publishing groups. He also has one Indian Patent on novel molecule isolated from Lantana camara medicinal plant.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaSK
Sanmoy Karmakar
Is a Professor of Pharmacology & Toxicology, in the Dept of Pharmaceutical Technology at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. His research interest involves cardiovascular diseases, bioavailability of drugs and traditional medicine. He also works on toxicity studies on common food and chemical additives. He has established molecular research facilities for receptor specific mRNA studies both in vitro and vivo system. He has to his credit many Government and private funded projects with numerous peer reviewed publications.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaMS
Md Adil Shaharyar
Is a research scholar in the Dept of Pharmaceutical Technology at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. His area of research involves cardiovascular diseases and traditional medicine. He is a dedicated, sincere, hardworking and enthusiastic researcher with international peer reviewed publications.
Affiliations and expertise
Research Scholar in the Dept of Pharmaceutical Technology at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaMA
Muhammad Afzal
Is presently working as an Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. His broad area of research includes Neuropharmacology and drug discoveries for the treatment of neurological diseases, Biology of cancers and anticancer drug development. He has 13 years of teaching and research experience at undergraduate and postgraduate level. He has published several research articles in peer reviewed journals of international repute with a cumulative impact factor of about 100. Dr Afzal has attended several conferences and workshops at national and international levels. He has authored three books and filed an Indian patent too.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaFA
Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
Is currently working as a Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. His broad area of research includes clinical biochemistry, biochemical pharmacology, drug discoveries for the treatment of different diseases, biology of cancers and anticancer drug development. He has 13 years of teaching and research experience at undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorate level. He has published several research articles in peer reviewed journals of international repute with a cumulative impact factor of about 150. He has also served as the director of international students unit, head of Health Information Technology Department, Director of International Sudents Scholarship Program, Vice Dean for graduate studies of internal students, and Vice Dean of Continuing Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He has authored many books also.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaRead How Synthetic Drugs Work on ScienceDirect