How Sex and Gender Impact Clinical Practice

An Evidence-Based Guide to Patient Care

1st Edition - December 2, 2020
Editors: Marjorie R. Jenkins, Connie B. Newman
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 6 5 6 9 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 6 7 5 0 - 2

How Sex and Gender Impact Clinical Practice: An Evidence-Based Guide to Patient Care enables primary care clinicians by providing a framework to understand differences and bette… Read more

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How Sex and Gender Impact Clinical Practice: An Evidence-Based Guide to Patient Care enables primary care clinicians by providing a framework to understand differences and better care for patients in their practice. Each chapter covers a subspecialty in medicine and discusses the influence of sex hormones on disease, along with sex and gender-based differences in clinical presentation, physical examination, laboratory results, treatment regimens, comorbidities and prognosis. Illustrative case examples and practical practice points help each chapter come alive. A special chapter on communication differences between men and women assists clinicians in their conversations with patients.

This book fills an important need by applying years of research findings to sex and gender specific medical care and demonstrating that an individualized approach to patient care will lead to improved detection, treatment and prevention of disease.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication by Marjorie R. Jenkins, MD
Dedication by Connie B. Newman, MD
List of Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
Section I: The importance of sex and gender in patient care
Chapter 1. Application of sex and gender health: A practical framework
Abstract
Introduction
Defining sex and gender: why terminology matters
Making sex and gender an integral part of healthcare delivery
SGBM: conclusions
References
Chapter 2. Clinician-patient communication: Gender influences
Abstract
Introduction
The power of language
Gender and communication styles
Communications stereotyping in society
Influences on clinician-patient communication
References
Section II: Sex and gender evidence in health and disease
Chapter 3. Addiction: Sex and gender evidence in alcohol, tobacco use and nicotine addiction, and opioid use disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Alcohol use disorder
Tobacco use and nicotine addiction
Opioid use disorder
References
Chapter 4. Autoimmune diseases: Sex and gender evidence in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis
Abstract
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Ankylosing spondylitis
References
Chapter 5. Cancer screening and prevention: Sex and gender evidence in lung, breast, and colorectal cancer
Abstract
Introduction
Lung cancer
Breast cancer
Colorectal cancer
References
Chapter 6. Cardiovascular disease: Sex and gender evidence in acute ischemic syndrome and heart failure
Abstract
Introduction
Acute ischemic syndrome
Myocardial infarction from obstructive coronary artery disease
Nonobstructive ischemic heart disease
Heart failure
References
Chapter 7. Gastrointestinal diseases: Sex and gender evidence in liver lesions, gastroesophageal reflux, and inflammatory bowel disease
Abstract
Introduction
Liver lesions
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus
Inflammatory bowel disease
References
Chapter 8. Mental health: Sex and gender evidence in depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia
Abstract
Introduction
Major depressive disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Schizophrenia
References
Chapter 9. Metabolic disorders: Sex and gender evidence in dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Dyslipidemia
Diabetes
Obesity
References
Chapter 10. Musculoskeletal disorders: Sex and gender evidence in anterior cruciate ligament injuries, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis
Abstract
Introduction
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
References
Chapter 11. Neurological diseases: Sex and gender evidence in stroke, migraine, and Alzheimer’s dementia
Abstract
Introduction
Stroke
Migraine
Alzheimer’s dementia
References
Chapter 12. Pharmacotherapy: Sex and gender evidence in medication safety and efficacy
Abstract
Introduction
The history of sex and gender in drug therapy
The importance of sex and gender in pharmacologic research
Sex and gender considerations in therapeutic response
The effect of sex and gender in disease states on drug therapy outcomes
References
Chapter 13. Public health in your practice: Sex and gender considerations in intimate partner violence, access to healthcare, and immunizations
Abstract
Introduction
Intimate partner violence
Access to care
Vaccination
References
Chapter 14. Respiratory diseases: Sex and gender evidence in obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep apnea
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
References
Section III: Beyond point of care: Sex and gender influences in the community of practice
Chapter 15. Practice improvement through a sex and gender high-value healthcare model
Abstract
Introduction
The financial burden of healthcare spending
High-value care and the Triple Aim
Incorporating high-value care into daily practice: pillars of care and choosing wisely
Utilizing sex and gender to elevate your practice’s brand
References
Chapter 16. Knowledge resources in sex and gender health
Abstract
Introduction
Federal agencies and Institute of Medicine reports
Sex- and gender-based medicine textbooks
Nonprofit and professional organizations
Academic institutions
Medical education resources
Patient resources
Comprehensive resource: the Sex and Gender Health Collaborative
References
Index

Marjorie R. Jenkins

Dr. Jenkins serves as the Dean at the School of Medicine Greenville, Associate Provost University of South Carolina, and Chief Academic Officer for Prisma Health Upstate. She has served many additional leadership roles such as Director of Medical Initiatives and Scientific Engagement at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Women’s Health (OWH); Graduate Research Program Director, Master of Education for Health Professions at Johns Hopkins University, College of Education, Professor of Internal Medicine, and Founding Director and Chief Scientific Officer for the Laura W. Bush Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; She is a founder and past co-chair of the National Sex and Gender in Health Professions Education Summit. She is nationally and internationally known in the area of sex and gender-specific clinical care, research application, and health professions curriculum development.

Affiliations and expertise

Dean at the School of Medicine Greenville, Associate Provost University of South Carolina, and Chief Academic Officer for Prisma Health Upstate, USA

Connie B. Newman

Adjunct Professor of Medicine at the New York University Grossman School of Medicine, is Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Obesity Medicine. She is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, the American Heart Association, the American Medical Women’s Association (AMWA), and the New York Academy of Medicine. She served as the 2018-2019 President of AMWA, an organization of women physicians, pre-medical and medical students that advocates for advancement of women in medicine, health equity and sex and gender based medical education. Dr. Newman is recognized for her expertise in hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, statin safety, and randomized controlled clinical trials. She is the Chair of the 2020 Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the management of dyslipidemia in endocrine diseases, and served as Chair of the writing group for the American Heart Association’s 2019 Scientific Statement on the safety of statins. Dr. Newman is an appointed member of the FDA Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Advisory Committee. Dr. Newman writes and speaks on the topics of sex and gender health, high cholesterol and heart disease, and statin safety. She is the recipient of the 2020 Bertha Van Hoosen Award, named for the founder of AMWA. She is featured in “20 Women, 20 Years”, an online exhibit of leaders in the medical profession, sponsored by the Women in Medicine Legacy Foundation.

Affiliations and expertise

Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA

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