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Hormone Receptors: Structures and Functions

1st Edition - September 11, 2023

Editor: Gerald Litwack

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 5 5 - 5

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 4 5 6 - 2

Hormone Receptors: Structures and Functions, Volume 123 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting… Read more

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Hormone Receptors: Structures and Functions, Volume 123 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Copyright
Former Editors
Contributors
About the editor
Preface
Chapter One: Signaling mechanism of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor
Abstract
1: Overview of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRH receptors (GHRH-R)
2: Signaling mechanism and regulation of GHRH-R
3: Expression and regulation of GHRH-R and the role of GHRH agonists and antagonists in diseases and therapy
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Two: Unraveling corticotropin-releasing factor family-orchestrated signaling and function in both sexes
Abstract
1: Overview of the CRF family
2: Transcriptional regulation of CRF system
3: The CRF receptors
4: Sex differences mediated by CRF2 in the periphery
5: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Three: Structures of the arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin receptor signaling complexes
Abstract
1: Arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin receptors, biological functions and therapeutic value
2: Antagonist-bound OT receptor structure
3: Hormone-bound G protein-coupled V2 and OT receptor signaling complexes
4: Hormone-bound β-arrestin1-coupled V2 receptor signaling complex
5: Conserved AVP/OT binding site in the receptor family
6: Molecular mechanisms of V2R/OTR activation
7: Gs/Gq coupling interface in V2/OT receptors
8: Gs/βarrestin1 coupling interface in V2 receptor
9: Future perspectives: From structure to clinic
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Four: Growth hormone receptor gene disruption
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: GHRKO mice
3: Inducible GHRKO mice
4: Liver-specific GHRKO mice
5: Muscle GHRKO mice
6: Adipose tissue GHRKO mice
7: Disruption of GHR in brain or specific neurons
8: Macrophage-specific GHRKO
9: Hematopoietic stem cell GHRKO mice
10: Intestine-specific GHRKO
11: β cell-specific GHRKO
12: Bone-specific GHRKO
13: Heart-specific GHRKO mice
14: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Five: The three-dimensional structure of insulin and its receptor
Abstract
1: General introduction
2: Structure of insulin
3: Structure of the insulin receptor
4: Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Six: Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Crystal and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structures of insulin
3: Crystal and NMR structures of IGF-1 and IGF-2
4: Localization of binding site 1 in insulin
5: Kinetic studies and the first evidence for the existence of site 2 in insulin
6: Mutagenesis of hypothetical site 2 residues in insulin and in IGF-1 and IGF-2
7: Localization of site 2 residues based on cryoEM structures of hormone: Receptor complexes
8: Correlation of cryoEM structures with site 2 mutagenesis results in insulin
9: Correlation of cryoEM structures with site 2 mutagenesis results in IGF-1
10: Correlation of cryoEM structures with site 2 mutagenesis results in IGF-2
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Seven: A structural perspective of liver X receptors
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Structural features of DBD domain
3: Structural features of LBD domain
4: Multi-domain structure
5: The N-terminal domain
References
Chapter Eight: Hepcidin and its multiple partners: Complex regulation of iron metabolism in health and disease
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Regulation of iron metabolism
3: Physiological regulation of hepcidin expression
4: Hepcidin regulation by inflammation
5: Hepcidin regulation by erythropoiesis
6: Hepcidin regulation and hepcidin-independent regulation of iron absorption by hypoxia
7: Hepcidin-ferroportin axis regulates iron flows
8: Hepcidin-ferroportin axis in disease
9: Targeting the hepcidin:ferroportin axis for therapeutic purposes
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter Nine: Structure-function relationships of the aldosterone receptor
Abstract
1: Nuclear receptor superfamily
2: Structural characterization of the MR
3: The MR DNA-binding domain (DBD)
4: The ligand-binding domain (LBD)
5: Coactivators and corepressors
6: Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter Ten: Genomically anchored vitamin D receptor mediates an abundance of bioprotective actions elicited by its 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D hormonal ligand
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biologic actions of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D hormone receptor
3: Closing comments
References
Chapter Eleven: Cryo-EM technique and its application: Structure of steroid hormone receptors
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: General cryo-EM approaches and technology
3: Structure of steroid hormone receptors using cryo-EM
4: Summary and perspectives
References
Chapter Twelve: Structure and functions of the N-terminal domain of steroid hormone receptors
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: The structure and functions of the SHRs
3: The structure and functions of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SHRs
4: The functional folding of the NTD/AF1 of the SHRs
5: Role of coregulatory proteins in the structure and functions of the SHRs' NTD/AF1
6: Summary and future perspectives
References
Chapter Thirteen: The human glucocorticoid receptor
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Evolution of glucocorticoid receptor
3: The human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR)
4: Glucocorticoid signaling
5: NR3C1 gene polymorphisms
6: NR3C1 genetic defects
7: Recent advances in tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity
8: Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter Fourteen: The androgen receptor
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Androgen receptor structure
3: Androgen receptor signaling
4: Androgen receptor splice variants
5: Androgen receptor detection & quantitation
6: Androgen receptor pharmacology
7: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Fifteen: Steroid-receptor coactivator complexes in thyroid hormone-regulation of Xenopus metamorphosis
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Transcriptional regulation by TR and its dual functions in Xenopus development
3: A role of histone acetylation in gene regulation by TR
4: Critical involvement of steroid-receptor coactivator complexes in regulating metamorphosis by liganded TR
5: Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Sixteen: Essential and subtype-dependent function of thyroid hormone receptors during Xenopus metamorphosis
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation by TR and their implications in Xenopus development
3: Molecular and transgenic studies on TR in Xenopus laevis
4: Gene knockout studies in Xenopus tropicalis
5: Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Seventeen: Steroid hormone signaling: What we can learn from insect models
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Phylogenetic relationships of biosynthetic pathways and nuclear receptors
3: Cholesterol homeostasis
4: Hormone transport mechanisms
5: Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Eighteen: Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor
Abstract
1: Gonadotropins and estrogens in ovarian physiology
2: Expression and physiology of the FSH receptor
3: The membrane estrogen receptor is expressed in the ovary
4: A new view of antral follicular growth
5: Physiological significance of FSHR and GPER co-expression in the ovary
6: Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Nineteen: Structure-function of DHEA binding proteins
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: DHEA binds steroid hormone receptors
3: DHEA activates hepatic nuclear receptors
4: DHEA activates G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
5: DHEA activates GPER1
6: DHEA inhibits T-type Ca2+ channels: CaV3.1, CaV3.2 or CaV3.3
7: DHEA is an agonist for TRPM3
8: DHEA and DHEA-S are neurosteroids
9: DHEA-S action via chaperone protein SIG-1R
10: DHEA binds NGFR and TRKA
11: DHEA and mitochondrial function
12: Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter Twenty: Juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene tolerant: Functions and applications
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: JH receptor discovery
3: Two JH receptor genes identified in fruit flies, moths and butterflies
4: JH receptor functions-RNAi studies
5: JH receptor functions-gene editing studies
6: Development of JH receptor-based applications in agriculture and medicine
7: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Twenty-One: Structural dynamics of chemokine receptors
Abstract
1: Chemokine receptors
2: CXCR4 and CCR5
3: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References