Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants

1st Edition - April 19, 2017
Authors: Jiayang Li, Chuanyou Li, Steven M Smith
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 1 5 6 2 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 1 5 6 3 - 3

Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government’s National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brin… Read more

Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants

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Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government’s National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. With growing understanding of hormone biology comes new outlooks on how mankind values and utilizes the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.

This book is a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones: how they are synthesized and catabolized; how they are perceived by plant cells; how they trigger signal transduction; how they regulate gene expression; how they regulate plant growth, development and defense responses; and how we measure plant hormones.

This is an exciting time for researchers interested in plant hormones. Plants rely on a diverse set of small molecule hormones to regulate every aspect of their biological processes including development, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone auxin, hormones have always been the frontiers of plant biology.

Although the physiological functions of most plant hormones have been studied for decades, the last 15 to 20 years have seen a dramatic progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone actions. The publication of the whole genome sequences of the model systems of Arabidopsis and rice, together with the advent of multidisciplinary approaches has opened the door to successful experimentation on plant hormone actions.

1. Hormone function in plants
Lijia Qu, Jiayang Li

1.1. The nature of hormones
1.2. Mechanisms of hormone action
1.3. Biological functions of hormones
1.4. Integration of hormonal activities
1.5. Hormones and crops
Abbreviations

2. Auxins
Jianru Zuo, Shuhua Yang

2.1. Discovery and functions of auxins
2.2. Auxin metabolism
2.3. Auxin transport
2.4. Auxin signaling
2.5. Summary points
2.6. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

3. Cytokinins
Xiangdong Fu, Zuhua He

3.1. Discovery and functions of cytokinins
3.2. Structures and types of cytokinins
3.3. Cytokinin synthesis, metabolism and transport
3.4. Cytokinin perception and signal transduction
3.5. Summary points
3.6. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

4. Gibberellins
Zhizhong Gong, Qi Xie

4.1. Functions of gibberellins
4.2. Gibberellin biosynthesis, inactivation, transport and regulation
4.3. Gibberellin perception and signaling
4.4. Summary points
4.5. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

5. Abscisic acid
Hongwei Guo, Jinsong Zhang

5.1. Discovery and functions of abscisic acid
5.2. ABA metabolism
5.3. ABA transport
5.4. ABA functions
5.5. ABA signal transduction
5.6. ABA control of nuclear gene expression
5.7. Ubiquitin–proteasome system in ABA signaling
5.8. Summary points
5.9. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

6. Ethylene
Chuanyou Li, Dongxin Xie

6.1. Ethylene biology
6.2. Metabolism
6.3. Ethylene perception and signaling in Arabidopsis
6.4. Ethylene perception and signaling in rice
6.5. Summary points
6.6. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

7. Jasmonates
Jianmin Zhou, Jingbo Jin

7.1. Introduction
7.2. Biosynthesis of JA
7.3. Derivatives and metabolites of JA
7.4. Regulation of JA biosynthesis
7.5. Jasmonate signaling
7.6. Cross talk between JA and other phytohormones
7.7. Summary points
7.8. Future issues
Abbreviations

8. Salicylic acid
Jia Li, Xuelu Wang

8.1. Discovery and roles of salicylic acid
8.2. Biosynthesis of SA
8.3. NPR1-dependent SA signaling
8.4. Perception of SA by NPR proteins
8.5. PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity
8.6. Systemic acquired resistance
8.7. Summary points
8.8. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

9. Brassinosteroids
Yonghong Wang, Jiayang Li

9.1. The history of brassinosteroids
9.2. The biosynthesis and catabolism of brassinosteroids
9.3. The signaling pathway of brassinosteroids
9.4. Roles of brassinosteroids in physiology and development
9.5. Cross talk of brassinosteroids and other signals
9.6. Summary points
9.7. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

10. Strigolactones
Chun-Ming Liu

10.1. Discovery and functions of strigolactones
10.2. Strigolactone biosynthesis
10.3. Strigolactone transport
10.4. Strigolactone signaling in plants
10.5. Strigolactones and parasitism
10.6. Strigolactones and symbiosis
10.7. Cross talk between strigolactones and other signals
10.8. Summary points
10.9. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

11. Peptide hormones
Steven M. Smith

11.1. Introduction
11.2. The identification of peptide hormones
11.3. The cleavage and modifications of peptide hormones
11.4. The function of peptide hormones
11.5. Summary points
11.6. Future issues
Abbreviations

12. Plant hormones and stem cells
Xiansheng Zhang, Yuxin Hu

12.1. Stem cells and hormonal regulation of stem cell activity
12.2. Hormones and stem cell niche maintenance
12.3. Hormones and de novo stem cell niche formation
12.4. Summary points
12.5. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

13. Phytohormonal quantification based on biological principles
Jinfang Chu

13.1. Phytohormones and their quantification
13.2. Sample preparation for phytohormonal assay
13.3. Biological methods for phytohormonal quantification
13.4. Biological methods for phytohormonal localization and profiling
13.5. Summary points
13.6. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

14. Quantitative analysis of plant hormones based on LC-MS/MS
Langtao Xiao

14.1. Introduction to the history of plant hormone analysis
14.2. The analytical principle and problems
14.3. Indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid
14.4. Gibberellins
14.5. Cytokinins
14.6. Brassinosteroids
14.7. Strigolactones
14.8. Multiple plant hormones
14.9. Summary points
14.10. Future perspectives
Abbreviations

Jiayang Li

Dr. Jiayang Li was awarded the Degree of Bachelor of Agronomy from Anhui Agricultural University in 1982, the Degree of Master of Science from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1984, and PhD in Biology from Brandeis University, USA, in 1991. After completing his postdoctoral research in the Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) at Cornell University, Dr. Li was recruited as a Professor of plant molecular genetics by IGDB in 1994. Dr. Li’s laboratory is mainly interested in the molecular genetics of higher plant development with a focus on the biosynthesis and action of plant hormones including auxin, brassinosteroid and strigolactones. Dr. Li has made seminal contributions to establishing forward genetics approaches to understand rice growth habit and to improve rice yield and quality through rational design, with his achievements receiving world-wide attention from scientific websites and public media. His achievements have also been widely recognized by scientists and his publications have been highlighted in commentaries and cited by review articles, becoming a Thomson-Reuters Highly Cited Researcher in the field of Plant and Animal Sciences. Dr. Li served as the Director General of IGDB from 1999 to 2004, Vice President of CAS from 2004 to 2011, and President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Vice-Minister of Agriculture for the People’s Republic of China from 2011 to 2016. Dr Li was elected a Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001, a Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) in 2004, a Foreign Associate of the USA National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2011, a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2012, a Foreign Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2013, and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 2015.

Affiliations and expertise

Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Chuanyou Li

Dr. Chuanyou Li received his Ph. D. in Genetics at the Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1999. He did his post-doc training from1999 to 2003 in the DOE-Plant Research Laboratory (PRL) at Michigan State University. Since 2003, he serves as a professor and group leader at the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, CAS. Research in the Chuanyou Li laboratory is aimed at understanding the action mechanisms of jasmonate, which plays vital roles in regulating plant immunity and a wide range of developmental processes. Dr. Li and his colleagues found that the long-distance mobile signal in regulating systemic plant immunity is jasmonate, rather than the peptide systemin. He led more than 60 Chinese Scientists to take part in the International Tomato Genome Consortium and successfully decoded the genome of tomato, a unique model system for plant immunity and fruit biology. He connected the PLETHORA stem cell transcription factor pathway to jasmonate signaling and illustrated a molecular framework for jasmonate-induced regulation of root growth through interaction with the growth hormone auxin. His lab has a long term focus on the transcriptional mechanism of MYC2, a basic-helix-loop-helix protein that regulates diverse aspects of jasmonate responses. He found that turnover of MYC2 stimulates its transcription activity, revealing an ‘‘activation by destruction’’ mechanism to regulate plant stress response and adaptive growth. He also linked MYC2 to the MED25 subunit of the Mediator complex in the transcription machinery. He has published more than 80 research papers in journals such as Nature, Nature Genetics, PNAS, Plant Cell and PLoS Genetics, which received more than 4000 citations. Dr. Li serves as editor for several international journals including Molecular Plant, Plant Molecular Biology and Annals of Botany.

Affiliations and expertise

Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Steven M Smith

Steven Smith began his scientific career as a technician in the Botany Department at Rothamsted Experimental Station in the UK, where he conducted bioassays of auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. He later completed a Master’s degree studying cytokinin action in tissue culture cells at Indiana University USA, under the mentorship of Carlos O. Miller, the discoverer of kinetin and of organogenesis mediated by auxin and cytokinin. After his PhD at Warwick University UK and postdoctoral studies at CSIRO in Canberra Australia during which time he conducted research on the biosynthesis of chloroplast proteins, he was a lecturer in molecular biology at the Edinburgh University UK for 20 years, studying plant metabolism and development. He was awarded an Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship and moved to the University of Western Australia in 2005 where he was a founding member of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology. There he discovered the mode of action of karrikins and made important contributions to research on strigolactones, brassinosteroids and auxins. He has been Visiting Professor at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences since 2013. He took up a new position at the University of Tasmania in 2015, and was recognised as a Thomson-Reuters ‘Highly Cited Researcher in Plant and Animal Sciences in 2016.

Affiliations and expertise

School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia, and Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants

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Jiayang Li

Chuanyou Li

Steven M Smith