Homogeneous Catalysts Development

1st Edition - October 4, 2024
Editors: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Mohammad Amin Makarem, Tayebeh Roostaie, Maryam Meshksar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 5 6 2 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 5 6 3 - 5

Homogeneous Catalysts Development, a volume in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The fi… Read more

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Homogeneous Catalysts Development, a volume in the Advances in Homogeneous Catalysis series, covers hydrogenation and metathesis reactions in two separate sections. The first section is devoted to homogeneous hydrogenation reactions and related processes, including hydrogenation of alkenes, esters, olefins, etc. In the second section, the metathesis reactions of olefins, alkenes, and alkynes are presented. In addition, the industrial application of homogeneous metathesis reactions is investigated.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Reviewer acknowledgments
Section I. Homogeneous asymmetric catalysts
Chapter 1. Homogeneous asymmetric catalytic cycles and mechanisms
1 Introduction
2 Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation reactions
2.1 Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins
2.2 Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of imines
2.3 Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones
3 Homogeneous asymmetric isomerization of allylic alcohols
4 Homogeneous asymmetric epoxidation
5 Homogeneous asymmetric hydrolysis
6 Homogeneous asymmetric dihydroxylation
7 Homogeneous asymmetric catalytic reactions of C–C bond formation
7.1 Homogeneous asymmetric hydroformylation reactions
7.2 Homogeneous asymmetric hydrocyanation reactions
7.3 Homogeneous asymmetric nitroaldol condensation reactions
8 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 2. Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation reactions
1 Introduction
2 Different mechanisms for asymmetric hydrogenation
2.1 Metal catalysis
2.2 Direct hydrogenation and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation
2.2.1 The hydridic route
2.2.2 Inner sphere and outer sphere
2.2.3 Metal ligand bifunctional catalysts
2.3 Enzyme catalysis
3 Catalyst based analysis
3.1 Rhodium and ruthenium based catalysts
3.2 Iridium based catalysts
3.3 Palladium based catalysts
3.4 Titanium, zirconium and lanthanide based metallocene catalysts
3.5 Other transition metals catalysts
4 Substrate based analysis
4.1 Catalytic homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of largely unfunctionalized alkenes
4.2 Achiral catalyst for homogeneous hydrogenation of tri and tetra substituted alkenes
4.3 Catalytic homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation heteroaromatic compounds
5 Green approaches to catalytic hydrogenation
6 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 3. Homogeneous asymmetric epoxidation reactions
1 Introduction
2 Metal based homogeneous catalytic system
2.1 Metal-porphyrin catalysts
2.2 Porphyrin inspired metal catalysts
2.3 Metal-salen catalysts
2.3.1 Mn salen complexes
2.4 Metal-BINOL catalysts
3 Metal free homogeneous catalytic system
3.1 Chiral dioxiranes
3.2 Chiral iminium salts
4 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 4. Asymmetric amino acid-based homogeneous catalysts
1 Introduction
2 Principles and procedures
3 Processes
3.1 Reduction-oxidation reactions
3.2 Condensations reactions
3.3 Esterification and transesterification reactions
3.4 Enantiomeric resolution and coupling reactions
4 Current applications and cases
4.1 Cycloadditions and condensations
4.2 C–H activation reactions
4.3 Cross-coupling reactions
4.4 Hydrogen-transfer reactions
4.5 Polymerization reactions
5 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 5. Recent advances in homogeneous asymmetric photocatalysis
1 Introduction
2 Photoreaction of enamine/iminium ion dual catalysis α-functionalization of aldehydes
3 Mannich-type cross-dehydrogenative-coupling between ketones and amines
4 β-functionalization of enals
5 Asymmetric [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions
6 Asymmetric photoreactions in presence of organocatalyst
7 Asymmetric photoreactions in presence of organometallic catalyst
8 Enantioselective Bronsted acid as catalyst
9 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Section II. Simulated homogeneous enzyme catalyst
Chapter 6. Artificial enzymes in homogeneous catalysis
1 Introduction
2 Homogeneous catalysis: Historical perspectives
3 Comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts
4 Artificial enzymes
5 Industrial applications of enzyme catalysts
6 Classifications of enzyme mimics
6.1 Artificial enzymes based on imprinted polymers
6.2 Synthetic enzymes derived from random copolymers
6.3 Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers as the basis for artificial enzymes
6.4 Artificial enzymes based on supramolecules
6.5 Nanoparticulate artificial enzymes
6.5.1 Carbon-based nanomaterials
6.5.2 Metal-based nanomaterials
6.5.3 Metal oxide-based nanomaterials
7 Enzyme immobilization
7.1 Adsorption
7.2 Entrapment
7.3 Cross-linking
7.4 Carrier-bound enzyme immobilization
7.5 Covalent bonding
8 Preparation of classical enzyme models
8.1 Dawn of biomimetic chemistry
8.2 Basic principles of classical design
8.3 From “enzyme models” to “artificial enzymes”
9 Approaches to designing enzyme mimics
10 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 7. Homogeneous enzymatic catalysts for organic synthesis
1 Introduction
2 Enzymatic homogeneous catalysis
3 Characteristics of enzymes as catalysts
4 Enzyme catalysts mechanism
5 Various homogeneous catalysts in organic synthesis
5.1 Lewis acids
5.2 Metal ions
5.3 Bases and acids
6 Application of enzyme catalysts
6.1 Biotechnology
6.2 Pharmaceuticals
6.3 Chiral synthons preparation
6.4 Fine chemicals and specialty
7 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Section III. Homogeneous phase-transfer catalysis
Chapter 8. Design of new phase transfer catalysts
1 Introduction
2 Concept of ion pair PTC
3 New phase transfer catalysts
3.1 PTCs derived from crown ethers
3.2 PTCs derived from quaternary ammonium salts
3.3 NL2+systems as new-generation PTCs
3.3.1 Comparison between NL2+ and NR4+
3.4 Proton sponge phase transfer catalysts
3.5 PTCs derived from peptides and cyclopeptoids
3.6 PTCs derived from cyclohexane
3.7 PTCs derived from binaphthyl
4 Differences between PTCs and hydrogen bonding phase transfer catalysts
4.1 Application of HB-PTCs
5 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Chapter 9. Safety and environmental concerns in phase-transfer catalysis
1 Introduction
2 The importance of safety in phase-transfer catalysis
2.1 Safety measures and protocols in phase-transfer catalysis
2.2 Best practices for ensuring safety in phase-transfer catalysis
2.3 The role of regulations and standards in promoting safety
2.4 Advances in safety technology for phase-transfer catalysis
2.5 Environmental concerns in phase-transfer catalysis
2.6 Challenges and limitations of phase-transfer catalysis in achieving sustainability goals
3 Different categories of phase transfer catalysts
3.1 Quaternary ammonium salts
3.1.1 Ammonium hydroxides
3.1.2 Ammonium fluoride
3.1.3 Ammonium chlorides
3.1.4 Ammonium bromide
3.1.5 Ammonium iodides
3.1.6 Safe working environment
3.2 Phosphonium salts
3.3 Crown ethers and cryptands
3.4 Polyethylene glycols
4 Conclusion and future outlooks
Abbreviations and symbols
Index

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Prof. Mohammad Reza Rahimpour is a professor in Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University, Iran. He received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Shiraz University joint with University of Sydney, Australia 1988. He started his independent career as Assistant Professor in September 1998 at Shiraz University. Prof. M.R. Rahimpour, was a Research Associate at University of California, Davis from 2012 till 2017. During his stay in University of California, he developed different reaction networks and catalytic processes such as thermal and plasma reactors for upgrading of lignin bio-oil to biofuel with collaboration of UCDAVIS. He has been a Chair of Department of Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University from 2005 till 2009 and from 2015 till 2020. Prof. M.R. Rahimpour leads a research group in fuel processing technology focused on the catalytic conversion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, and renewable fuels such as bio-oils derived from lignin to valuable energy sources. He provides young distinguished scholars with perfect educational opportunities in both experimental methods and theoretical tools in developing countries to investigate in-depth research in the various field of chemical engineering including carbon capture, chemical looping, membrane separation, storage and utilization technologies, novel technologies for natural gas conversion and improving the energy efficiency in the production and use of natural gas industries.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Mohammad Amin Makarem

Dr. Mohammad Amin Makarem is a research associate at Taylor's University, Malaysia. He former worked at Shiraz University. His research interests are gas separation and purification, nanofluids, microfluidics, catalyst synthesis, reactor design and green energy. In gas separation, his focus is on experimental and theoretical investigation and optimization of pressure swing adsorption process, and in the gas purification field, he is working on novel technologies such as microchannels. Recently, he has investigated methods of synthesizing bio-template nanomaterials and catalysts. Besides, he has collaborated in writing and editing various books and book-chapters for famous publishers such as Elsevier, Springer and Wiley, as well as guest editing journals special issues.

Affiliations and expertise

Taylor's University, Malaysia

Tayebeh Roostaie

Tayebeh Roostaie is a research associate at Shiraz University. Her research has focused on catalyst, clean energy, biofuel, demulsification and membrane. In the clean energy field, she has worked on hydrogen production. She has also synthesized novel catalysts for this process which are tested in a laboratory reactor. Recently, she has written various book chapters for famous publishers such as Elsevier.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemical Engineering Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Maryam Meshksar

Maryam Meshksar is a research associate at Shiraz University. Her research has focused on gas separation, clean energy, and catalyst synthesis. In gas separation, she is working on membrane separation process, and in the clean energy field, she has worked on reforming-based processes for hydrogen production from methane experimentally. She has also synthesized novel catalysts for this process which are tested in for the first time. Recently, she has written various book chapters for famous publishers such as Elsevier, Springer and Wiley

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemical Engineering Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

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Homogeneous Catalysts Development

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Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Mohammad Amin Makarem

Tayebeh Roostaie

Maryam Meshksar