High-Velocity Impact Phenomena

List of Contributors

Preface

I. Hypervelocity Accelerators

I. Introduction

II. Gun Accelerators

III. Explosive Accelerators

IV. Summary

References

II. Stress Wave Propagation in Solids

I. Introduction

II. Stress Wave Propagation in an Infinite, Elastic Medium

III. Stress Wave Propagation in an Elastic Half Space

IV. Elastic Waves in Laminated Media

V. Summary

References

III. Theory of Impact: Some General Principles and the Method of Eulerian Codes

I. Introduction

II. Late-Stage Equivalence: An Asymptotic Theory for Late Time

III. Dimensional Analysis, Self-Similarity, and Late-Stage Equivalence

IV. OIL: An Eulerian Hydrodynamic Code

V. RPM: The OIL Code with Strength

References

IV. Theory of Impact on Thin Targets and Shields and Correlations with Experiment

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical Model—One-Dimensional Analysis

III. Theoretical Model—Two-Dimensional Analysis

IV. Discussion

References

V. Numerical Evaluation of Hypervelocity Impact Phenomena

I. Introduction

II. Regimes of Material Response

III. Governing Equations

IV. Laminated Meteor Bumpers

V. Hollowed Projectiles

VI. Crater Predictions for Thick Targets

References

VI. Analytical Studies of Impact-General Shock Propagation: Survey and New Results

List of Symbols

I. Introduction

II. Formulation of the Problem

III. Similarity Requirements

IV. The Perfect-Gas Case

V. The Real-Fluid Case

VI. Concluding Remarks

Appendix: Approximate Solution of the Plane Wave, Perfect-Gas Case

References

VII. The Equation of State of Solids from Shock Wave Studies

I. Introduction

II. Theoretical Considerations and Calculation Techniques

III. The Equation of State of the Standards

IV. The Equation of State of Solids

V. The Method of Mixtures

VI. Elastic-Plastic Flow

References

VIII. Metallurgical Observation and Energy Partitioning

I. Hypervelocity and the Cratering Phenomenon

II. Historical Development

III. Metallurgical Property Influences on Metal Deformation as a Function of Test Velocity

IV. The Role of Magnification in Modeling

V. Correlating Model and Test Data

VI. Supportive Metallurgical Observations

VII. Theory of Cratering Based on Metal Properties

VIII. Strain Energy Distribution under the Crater

IX. The Relation of Energy Balances to Projectile Orientation

X. Summary of Energy Balances

XI. Energy Balances on 2S A1 Prestrained Targets

XII. Calculation of Maximum Impact Damage from Material Properties

XIII. Conclusions

References

IX. Engineering Considerations in Hypervelocity Impact

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Observations

III. Discussion

References

Appendix A Shock Wave Data for Standard Materials

Appendix B Shock Wave Data for Porous Materials

Appendix C Shock Wave Data for Hugoniot Cross Checks

Appendix D Shock Wave Data for Solids

Appendix E Calculated Thermodynamic Results for Solids

Author Index

Subject Index