High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications
- 1st Edition - February 1, 1985
- Imprint: Elsevier Science
- Editors: S.C. Singhal, K. Kendall
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 8 5 6 1 7 - 3 8 7 - 2
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 9 3 3 - 0 3 8 1 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 5 0 8 0 8 - 5
High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). SOFCs are the most efficient… Read more
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Request a sales quoteHigh Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). SOFCs are the most efficient devices for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity, and have been gaining increasing attention for clean and efficient distributed power generation. The book explains the operating principle, cell component materials, cell and stack designs and fabrication processes, cell and stack performance, and applications of SOFCs. Individual chapters are written by internationally renowned authors in their respective fields, and the text is supplemented by a large number of references for further information. The book is primarily intended for use by researchers, engineers, and other technical people working in the field of SOFCs. Even though the technology is advancing at a very rapid pace, the information contained in most of the chapters is fundamental enough for the book to be useful even as a text for SOFC technology at the graduate level.
Designers, manufacturers and end-users of solid oxide and other fuel cells: researchers in fuel cell technology; membrane manufacturers.
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction to SOFCs
1.1 Background
1.2 Historical Summary
1.3 Zirconia Sensors for Oxygen Measurement
1.4 Zirconia Availability and Production
1.5 High-Quality Electrolyte Fabrication Processes
1.6 Electrode Materials and Reactions
1.7 Interconnection for Electrically Connecting the Cells
1.8 Cell and Stack Designs
1.9 SOFC Power Generation Systems
1.10 Fuel Considerations
1.11 Competition and Combination with Heat Engines
1.12 Application Areas and Relation to Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
1.13 SOFC-Related Publications
References
Chapter 2 History
2.1 The Path to the First Solid Electrolyte Gas Cells
2.2 From Solid Electrolyte Gas Cells to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
2.3 First Detailed Investigations of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
2.4 Progress in the 196Os
2.5 On the Path to Practical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
References
Chapter 3 Thermodynamics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Ideal Reversible SOFC
3.3. Voltage Losses by Ohmic Resistance and by Mixing Effects by Fuel Utilisation
3.4 Thermodynamic Definition of a Fuel Cell Producing Electricity and Heat
3.5 Thermodynamic Theory of SOFC Hybrid Systems
3.6 Design Principles of SOFC Hybrid Systems
3.7 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Electrolytes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fluorite-Structured Electrolytes
4.3 Zirconia-Based Oxide Ion Conductors
4.4 Ceria-Based Oxide Ion Conductors
4.5 Fabrication of ZrO2 and CeO2-Based Electrolyte Films
4.6 Perovskite-Structured Electrolytes
4.6.1 LaAlO3
4.6.2 LaGaO3 Doped with Ca, Sr and Mg
4.6.3 LaGaO3 Doped with Transition Elements
4.7 Oxides with Other Structures
4.7.1 Brownmillerites (e.g. Ba2In2O6)
4.7.2 Non-cubic Oxides
4.8 Proton-Conducting Oxides
4.9 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Cathodes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Perovskite Cathode Materials
5.2.1 Lattice Structure, Oxygen Nonstoichiometry, and Valence Stability
5.2.2 Electrical Conductivity
5.2.3 Thermal Expansion
5.2.4 Surface Reaction Rate and Oxide Ion Conductivity
5.3 Reactivity of Perovskite Cathodes with ZrO2
5.3.1 Thermodynamic Considerations
5.3.2 Experimental Efforts
5.3.3 Cathode/Electrolyte Reactions and Cell Performance
5.3.4 Cathodes for Intermediate Temperature SOFCs
5.4 Compatibility of Perovskite Cathodes with Interconnects
5.4.1 Compatibility of Cathodes with Oxide Interconnects
5.4.2 Compatibility of Cathodes with Metallic Interconnects
5.5 Fabrication of Cathodes
5.6 Summary
References
Chapter 6 Anodes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Requirements for an Anode
6.3 Choice of Cermet Anode Components
6.4 Cermet Fabrication
6.5 Anode Behavior under Steady-State Conditions
6.6 Anode Behavior under Transients Near Equilibrium
6.7 Behavior of Anodes under Current Loading
6.8 Operation of Anodes with Fuels Other Than Hydrogen
6.9 Anodes for Direct Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
6.10 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Interconnects
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Ceramic Interconnects (Lanthanum and Yttrium Chromites)
7.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
7.2.2 Thermal Expansion
7.2.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.2.4 Mechanical Strength
7.2.5 Processing
7.3 Metallic Interconnects
7.3.1 Chromium-Based Alloys
7.3.2 Ferritic Steels
7.3.3 Other Metallic Materials
7.4 Protective Coatings and Contact Materials for Metallic Interconnects
7.5 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Cell and Stack Designs
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Planar SOFC Design
8.2.1 Cell Fabrication
8.2.2 Cell and Stack Performance
8.3 Tubular SOFC Design
8.3.1 Cell Operation and Performance
8.3.2 Tubular Cell Stack
8.3.3 Alternative Tubular Cell Designs
8.4 Microtubular SOFC Design
8.4.1 Microtubular SOFC Stacks
8.5 Summary
References
Chapter 9. Electrode Polarizations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ohmic Polarization
9.3 Concentration Polarization
9.4 Activation Polarization
9.4.1 Cathodic Activation Polarization
9.4.2 Anodic Activation Polarization
9.5 Measurement of Polarization (By Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy)
9.6 Summary
References
Chapter 10 Testing of Electrodes, Cells and Short Stacks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Testing Electrodes
10.3 Testing Cells and 'Short' Stacks
10.4 Area-Specific Resistance (ASR)
10.5 Comparison of Test Results on Electrodes and on Cells
10.5.1 Non-activated Contributions to the Total Loss
10.5.2 Inaccurate Temperature Measurements
10.5.3 Cathode Performance
10.5.4 Impedance Analysis of Cells
10.6 The Problem of Gas Leakage in Cell Testing
10.6.1 Assessment of the Size of the Gas Leak
10.7 Summary
References
Chapter 11 Cell, Stack and System Modeling
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Flow and Thermal Models
11.2.1 Mass Balance
11.2.2 Conservation of Momentum
11.2.3 Energy Balance
11.3 Continuum-Level Electrochemistry Model
11.4 Chemical Reactions and Rate Equations
11.5 Cell- and Stack-Level Modeling
11.6 System-Level Modeling
11.7 Thermomechanical Model
11.8 Electrochemical Models at the Electrode Level
11.8.1 Fundamentals and Strategy of Electrode-Level Models
11.8.2 Electrode Models Based on a Mass Transfer Analysis
11.8.3 One-Dimensional Porous Electrode Models Based on Complete Concentration, Potential, and Current Distributions
11.8.4 Monte Carlo or Stochastic Electrode Structure Model
11.9 Molecular-Level Models
11.10 Summary
References
Chapter 12 Fuels and Fuel Processing
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Range of Fuels
12.3 Direct and Indirect Internal Reforming
12.3.1 Direct Internal Reforming
12.3.2 Indirect Internal Reforming
12.4 Reformation of Hydrocarbons by Steam, CO2 and Partial Oxidation
12.5 Direct Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
12.6 Carbon Deposition
12.7 Sulfur Tolerance and Removal
12.8 Anode Materials in the Context of Fuel Processing
12.9 Using Renewable Fuels in SOFCs
12.10 Summary
References
Chapter 13 Systems and Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Trends in the Energy Markets and SOFC Applicability
13.3 Competing Power Generation Systems and SOFC Applications
13.4 SOFC System Designs and Performance
13.4.1 Atmospheric SOFC Systems for Distributed Power Generation
13.4.2 Residential, Auxiliary Power and Other Atmospheric SOFC Systems
13.4.3 Pressurized SOFC/Turbine Hybrid Systems
13.4.4 System Control and Dynamics
13.4.5 SOFC System Costs
13.4.6 Example of a Specific SOFC System Application
13.5 SOFC System Demonstrations
13.5.1 Siemens Westinghouse Systems
13.5.2 Sulzer Hexis Systems
13.5.3 SOFC Systems of Other Companies
13.6 Summary
References
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: February 1, 1985
- Imprint: Elsevier Science
- No. of pages: 416
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9781856173872
- Paperback ISBN: 9781493303816
- eBook ISBN: 9780080508085
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