Herbal Formulations, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy

1st Edition - June 14, 2024
Imprint: Elsevier
Editors: Mital Kaneria, Kalpna Rakholiya
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 3 8 3 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 3 8 2 - 2

Herbal formulations, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy combines the principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology that helps the development of more ecofri… Read more

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Herbal formulations, Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy combines the principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology that helps the development of more ecofriendly, better effective, easily available, and affordable drug discovery process.

The drug discovery process accelerates the design of new leads for various life-threatening diseases. Natural medicines have been an integral part of drug discovery process, and these not only play a major role as a template for the drug discovery but also offer holistic approach for better management of various diseases.

The main purpose of this book is to provide the classical and applied knowledge in drug discovery and broadly cover the related aspects such as herbal formulations, phytochemistry and pharmacogenetic research.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Chapter 1. Herbal formulations for the treatment of fungal infection
Abstract
1.1 Preamble
1.2 Human fungal infection
1.3 Role of herbs and their products in the management of fungal infection
1.4 Nano medicines for the treatment of fungal infection with special reference to herbs
1.5 Formulation strategies for the development of antifungal herbal preparations
1.6 Conclusion
1.7 Future perspectives
Abbreviations
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2. Combination and formulation of Ghanaian herbal products for the treatment and management of disease as potent health tonic
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Common herbal dosage forms of the Ghanaian market
2.3 Registration and promotion of formulated herbal medicinal products in Ghana
2.4 Recommended herbal products by the Ministry of Health
2.5 Reported efficacy of some herbal products on the Ghanaian market
2.6 Reported quality, safety, and toxicity assessment of some herbal products in Ghana
2.7 Reported phytochemical and pharmacognostic properties of some selected plants
2.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Emerging trends in herbal formulation based on medicinal plants and algae in cancer therapeutics: A modern era perspective
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Complex synergistic interaction of phytoconstituents of herbal formulations derived from terrestrial plants
3.3 Complex synergistic interaction of various phytoconstituents derived from macroalgae and microalgae: current scenario of herbal formulations in preclinical and clinical trials
3.4 Phytotherapeutics—emerging trends and bottlenecks
3.5 Future aspects of herbal formulation in anticancer activities
References
Chapter 4. Synergistic effects of plant extracts for antimicrobial therapy
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Statistics of antimicrobial disease
4.3 Plant metabolites used in antimicrobial therapy
4.4 Epidemiology of microbial infection
4.5 Introduction to plant extracts used in antimicrobial therapy
4.6 Disadvantages of synthetic antibiotics therapy over plant extracts
4.7 Harmful effects of synthetic and semisynthetic antibiotics
4.8 Future perspective
4.9 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 5. Herbal formulation: An Ayurvedic treatment for human diseases
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Herbal formulations for treating various diseases
5.3 Herbal formulation: Tuvarak oil (chaulmoogra oil) for treating vitiligo
Abbreviation
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 6. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of herbal formulation
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 List of herbal formulations for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities
6.3 Phytoconstituents of herbal formulation for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities
6.4 Cytotoxicity evaluation of herbal formulations
6.5 Trials of herbal formulations in various models
6.6 Conclusion and future remarks
References
Chapter 7. Herbal antifungal formulations for controlling dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Traditional Indian remedies
7.3 Summary and conclusion
References
Chapter 8. AYUSH-64: a potential immunomodulatory medicine for COVID-19
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methods
8.3 Results and discussion
8.4 Conclusion
Funding
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 9. Polyherbal formulation for the treatment of dengue
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Material and method
9.3 Result and discussion
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant capacity of Cariniana rubra bark extracts from the Brazilian Cerrado
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and methods
10.3 Analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
10.4 Analysis by liquid chromatography by diode array detection
10.5 Results and discussion
10.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 11. Molecular pharmacognosy—Advances in DNA-based techniques for authentication of botanicals in medicinal food and herbal drugs
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
References
Chapter 12. Role of cyclotides derived from plants of Violaceae family in modern drug discovery
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Cyclotides
12.3 Structural variations in mutant and wild type
12.4 Pharmacological properties
12.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Potential antihyperglycemic medicinal plants and their active components
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Types of diabetes and how common they are
13.3 Traditional and folk medicinal plants
13.4 Medicinal plants
13.5 Significant role in therapy
13.6 Herbal drugs
13.7 Need for and importance of herbal medicine
13.8 Mechanism of action of phytoconstituents against diabetes
13.9 A brief summary of some medicinal plants
13.10 Discussion and future trend
References
Chapter 14. Therapeutic application of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetic patients in Oaxaca
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Diabetes
14.3 Classification of diabetes
14.4 Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus
14.5 Complications of diabetes
14.6 Current treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
14.7 Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology
14.8 Theories on the use of traditional medicine
14.9 Medicinal plants in diabetes care
14.10 Preparation of medicinal plants
14.11 Methodology
14.12 Results
14.13 Discussions
14.14 Conclusions
14.15 Perspectives
References
Chapter 15. Comparative pharmacognostic exploration of medicinal plants and their adulterants
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Intentional adulterations
15.3 Reason for adulteration
15.4 Need of correct identification
15.5 Micromorphoanatomical study
15.6 Phytochemical study
15.7 Screening of secondary metabolites
15.8 Concluding remarks
References
Further reading
Chapter 16. Integrated antioxidant activity fingerprints for herbal medicines: case study of Pistacia atlantica
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Literature overview on Pistacia atlantica
16.3 Free-radical theory and methods used to determine antioxidant capacity
16.4 Chromatographic fingerprinting of herbal medicines
16.5 Applications of chemometrics to herbal medicines fingerprint analysis
16.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17. Analytical characterization of herbal biomolecules using hyphenated techniques
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Hyphenated techniques
17.3 Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry/gas chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry
17.4 High-performance thin-layer chromatography−mass spectrometry
17.5 Hyphenated technique−mediated analysis of herbal biomolecules
17.6 Applications of hyphenated techniques in other areas
17.7 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 18. Metabolite profiling of Rauvolfia serpentina: an antivenom plant
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and Arachis hypogaea crop residue smoke water characterization and application
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Materials and methods
19.3 Results
19.4 Discussion
19.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 20. Chemical constituents from a selected plant with antioxidant activity
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Role of plant as antioxidant
20.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity of selected medicinal plants on inhibition of extended spectrum betalactamase and cephalosporinase [AmpCase] enzymes
Abstract
21.1 Phytochemical studies
21.2 Antibacterial activity of phytochemical extracts
21.3 Structural analysis of an aqueous extract of Allium sativum
21.4 Betalactamase inhibitory activity of Allium sativum
21.5 Summary
References
Chapter 22. Role and mechanisms of natural antioxidants in health promotion
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Chemistry of antioxidant activities
22.3 Types of antioxidants
22.4 Sources of natural antioxidants
22.5 Mechanisms of action of antioxidants activities
22.6 Applications of antioxidants in common health perspectives
22.7 Concluding remarks and future prospects
Acknowledgments
Author contributions
Funding
Availability of data and materials
Consent for publication
Competing interests
References
Chapter 23. Understanding the mechanistic insights of phloretin and biochanin A–a quest into the neuroprotection by these nutraceuticals
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Flavonoids
23.3 Phloretin
23.4 Biochanin-A
23.5 Mechanisms underlying neuroprotection by flavonoids
23.6 Intracellular signaling pathways
23.7 Alteration of gene expression
23.8 Summary and future perspectives
References
Chapter 24. Plant secondary metabolites as inhibitors of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Carbohydrates personal need
24.3 Dietary sources of carbohydrates
24.4 Glucose serum level
24.5 Antidiabetic medications
24.6 Acarbose
24.7 Side effect of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitors
24.8 Material and methodology
24.9 Colorimetric assay for carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitor activity
24.10 Plant secondary metabolites as carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitors
24.11 Saponins
24.12 Alkaloid
24.13 Peptide-based drugs
24.14 Plant peptides
24.15 Phenolic compounds
24.16 Curcumin, di-methoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin from Curcuma longa Linn
24.17 Tannins in persimmon
24.18 Triterpenoids
24.19 Essential oils
24.20 Alcohols: erythritol
24.21 Sulfur-containing compounds
24.22 Cereals constituents as a source of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme and its bioactive compounds
24.23 Phenolic compounds
24.24 Proteins
24.25 Nonstarch polysaccharides
24.26 Experimental outcomes
24.27 Concluding remarks and future prospects
References
Chapter 25. Healing through herbs: everaging herbal remedies against COVID-19
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 The architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 genome
25.3 Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
25.4 Therapeutics development by molecular docking strategy
25.5 Herbal formulation for treatment of COVID-19
25.6 Challenges to develop phytotherapy
25.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 26. Bioactive secondary metabolites of Swietenia macrophylla
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Swietenia macrophylla
26.3 Ethnobotanica and ethopharmacology
26.4 Overview of free radicals
26.5 Sources of free radicals
26.6 Participation of free radicals and reactive species in biological processes
26.7 Experimental studies of the antioxidant activity of Swietenia macrophylla
26.8 Diabetes and hypertension
26.9 Cancer
26.10 Other diseases
26.11 Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 27. In vitro evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of Syzygium occidentale bark and their synergistic potential on its antibacterial property
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Materials and methods
27.3 Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration
27.4 Statistical analysis
27.5 Results and discussion
27.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 28. Phytochemical and neuropharmacological assessment of Portulaca oleracea L.: an ethnomedicinal plant used by the indigenous community of Bangladesh
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Materials and methods
28.3 Results
28.4 Discussion and conclusion
References
Chapter 29. Vitamin C and Citrus peels—a treasure chest for healthy life
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Vitamin C: a miracle ingredient
29.3 Major functions of vitamin C
29.4 Citrus peels: an outlook on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile
29.5 Citrus peels as future fuel for nanotechnology
29.6 Summary
References
Chapter 30. Phytochemical profiling of Tamarindus indica: a medicinal plant for snakebite
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Taxonomical classifications
30.3 Morphological descriptions
30.4 Habitats and geographical distribution
30.5 Health perspective of tamarind
30.6 Pant parts used
30.7 Phytochemicals
30.8 Other phytochemicals
30.9 Method of administration
30.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 31. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of a selected medicinal plant
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Qualitative estimation of phytochemicals
31.3 Methods of phytochemical estimation
31.4 Structural elucidation of phytochemicals
31.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 32. Fermented wheat germ extract as natural support in cancer patients
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Fermented wheat germ extract
32.3 Proven properties
32.4 Safety
32.5 Adverse effect
32.6 Future aspects
References
Index

Mital Kaneria

Dr Mital Kaneria has received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degree in Plant Science. During his Ph.D., he was awarded a BSR Fellowship from UGC, India, for three years and later awarded young scientist award by DST-SERB to participate in an international conference at Institute of Pasture, Paris, France. He has published more than 65 research articles in journals, book chapters and conference proceedings, with notable citation indices. He is a reviewer and editorial board member of many journals, member of many scientific societies, has presented number of papers in conferences and received best paper awards, as well as recently filed one patent. Working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, India, since 2012. He is working in the field of medicinal plants, herbal technology, pharmacology and drug discovery since more than 14 years. His doctoral research was based on the phytochemical and pharmacological potency of a selected medicinal plant from Gujarat region. His group is working on various aspects of phytochemistry, metabolomics, anti-ageing, drug discovery and designing.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor in the Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, India

Kalpna Rakholiya

Dr Kalpna D. Rakholiya has received her M.Sc., M.Phil. and Ph.D. degree in Microbiology. During her Ph.D., she was awarded UGC-MRP Fellowship and later awarded National Post Doctoral fellowship by DST-SERB. She has published more than 50 research articles in journals, book chapters and conference proceedings, with good citation score. She is a reviewer and editorial board member of many journals, member of many scientific societies, has presented number of papers in conferences and received best paper awards, as well as recently filed one patent in the area of PGPR. Presently, working as Assistant Professor and Head of the Microbiology Department, Harivandana College, Rajkot, India. She is working in the field of antimicrobials and antioxidants from medicinal plant and other sources, biocontrols and host-microbe interactions since more than 14 years. Her doctoral research was based on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of different parts of Kesar Mango. Currently her group is working on various aspects of exometabolomics, PGPR, antimicrobics and drug discovery.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor and Head, Microbiology Department, Harivandana College, Rajkot, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health