Health Care Today in the United States

1st Edition - October 21, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Authors: Jahangir Moini, Oyindamola Akinso, Katia Ferdowsi, Morvarid Moini
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 0 3 8 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 3 7 1 - 5

Health Care Today in the United States details the complexities of health care in the United States and provides readers with up-to-date information on the state of health care,… Read more

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Health Care Today in the United States details the complexities of health care in the United States and provides readers with up-to-date information on the state of health care, its challenges, and how to navigate the system. Sections cover patient populations, diverse cultures, legalities, the opioid epidemic, the impact of COVID-19, health care costs, insurance and the impact of technology on health care. Written for students seeking a health science degree, as well as health care professionals, nurses, medical students, and those in the field of public health, this book provides a comprehensive view of health care in the U.S.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
About the authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Unit I: Introduction
Chapter 1. The complexity of health care
Abstract
United States health care
Health care industry
Health care services
Challenges facing health care systems
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 2. Measuring health and disease
Abstract
Quality of health
Measuring disease frequency
Life expectancy
Distribution of disease by age, gender, and race
Prevalence of disease
Incidence
Incidence rate
Cumulative incidence
Mortality of disease
Burden of disease in the United States
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 3. Culture and behaviors affecting health
Abstract
Population health and wealth
Culture
Behavior and lifestyles
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 4. Legal and ethical aspects of health care
Abstract
Law
Classifications of law
Tort liability
Respondeat superior
Contract law
Professional liability and medical malpractice
Provider’s rights and responsibilities
Privacy law and HIPAA
Ethics and health care
Professional ethics
Patient’s rights and responsibilities
Biomedical concerns
Special considerations
End-of-life issues
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 5. Manpower in the health-care profession
Abstract
Therapeutic divisions of the health-care system
Diagnostic divisions of the health-care system
Health-care management
Health-care education
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Unit II: Specific patient populations
Chapter 6. Children’s health
Abstract
Neonatal and infant health
Infant development
Growth of infants and children
Physical growth and sexual maturation of adolescents
Chromosome and gene abnormalities
Congenital abnormalities
Infections
Morbidity and mortality
The effects of socioeconomics
Disruption of the family unit
Child abuse and neglect
Alcohol and drug abuse
Sexually transmitted infections in adolescents
Pregnancy in adolescents
Violence in families
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 7. Women’s health
Abstract
Health differences among women
The fertility transition
Population planning
Nutrition and exercise
Common causes of mortality in women
Common causes of morbidity in women
Reproductive health issues
Common complications of pregnancy
Menopause
Sleep disturbances
Burdens of women’s health
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 8. Elderly health
Abstract
The aging process
Cognitive and psychological changes
Nutrition and aging
Drugs and older adults
Sexuality and aging
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Unit III: United States health issues
Chapter 9. Obesity and health
Abstract
What is obesity?
Prevalence of adult obesity
Risk factors of obesity
Common complications of obesity
Childhood obesity
Elderly obesity
Prevention of obesity
Burden of obesity costs
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 10. Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards
Abstract
Components of the OSHA standard
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
OSHA hazard communication
Fire safety and prevention
Chemical hazards and safety
Physical safety
Latex allergy
Ergonomics
Radiation hazards
Workplace violence
Employee responsibilities
Workers’ compensation
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 11. Infectious diseases
Abstract
Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Rickettsial infections
Sexually transmitted infections
Spirochetal diseases
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 12. Chronic diseases and risks
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders
Pulmonary disorders
Neurologic disorders
Gastrointestinal disorders
Endocrine disorders
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 13. Natural disasters and complex emergencies
Abstract
Natural disasters and unintentional emergencies
Human-made disasters
The 9/11 event
Training, exercises, and assessment
Emergency risk communication
Medical countermeasures
Medical surge
Emergency preparedness for special conditions
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 14. Illegal immigrant issues
Abstract
History of illegal immigrants in the United States
Important immigration legislation
Employment
Housing
Transportation
Violence and crime
Sex trafficking
Drug trafficking
Substance abuse
Mental health issues
Costs of health care
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 15. The opioid epidemic
Abstract
Impact of the opioid epidemic
Morphine
Heroin
Fentanyl
Meperidine
Methadone
Tramadol
Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 16. Suicides and homicides
Abstract
Epidemiology
Chronic pain, opioids, and suicide
Alcohol and suicide
Posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide
Traumatic brain injury and suicide
Suicide attempts and completed suicide
Euthanasia
Substance-induced psychosis and homicide
Antisocial personality disorder and homicide
Temporal lobe dysfunction and homicide
Traumatic brain injury and homicide
Schizophrenia and homicide
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 17. The homelessness crisis
Abstract
History
Societal factors
Personal factors
Risk of infection
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Unit IV: Financial management
Chapter 18. Health insurance, financing, and payment
Abstract
Basics of health insurance
Reimbursement for health care services
Government-funded health care
Privately funded health care
Insurance and managed care
Financial management
Accounting
Disability income insurance and disability benefit programs
The electronic claim
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 19. The patient protection and affordable care act
Abstract
National health expenditure
Health care reform
Implementation of the PPACA
Legal challenges to the PPACA
Supreme Court modifications
State coverage
Minimum essential coverage
Costs of premiums and implementation
Medicaid expansion
Advantages and disadvantages of the PPACA
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 20. Customer service
Abstract
Quality of care
Dimensions of quality
Quality assurance
Quality improvement
Quality improvement organizations
Customer satisfaction
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Unit V: Communication in the health care profession
Chapter 21. The communication process
Abstract
Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
Steps of the communication process
Types of communication
Improving your communication skills
Therapeutic communication
Interprofessional communication
Methods of communication
Barriers to communication
Written communication
Defense mechanisms
Dealing with conflict
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 22. The role of computers in health care
Abstract
Computers in health care
Computer security
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 23. Medical record-keeping
Abstract
Contents of the medical record
Types of medical records
Electronic health records
Personal health records
Medical documentation
HIPAA and the medical record
Case study
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Chapter 24. The future of health care and technology
Abstract
Essentials of reform
Clinical advancements
Diagnostic advancements
Therapeutic advancements
Increasing ambulatory and outpatient care
Predictions for long-term care
Increasing populations
Increasing obesity
Review questions
Key terms
Further reading
Appendix 1. Answer key for case studies
Glossary
Index

Jahangir Moini

Dr. Moini is an international author of 38 medical textbooks for various publishers including Elsevier, McGraw-Hill, Pearson, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Cengage Learning, and Routledge. In addition to continuing his venture as an author, he has been a professor for over 40 years. He is a retired professor with the Eastern Florida State College Science & Health Department. Previously, Dr. Moini was an assistant professor at Tehran University Medical School, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. For 18 years, he was the Director of Epidemiology for the Brevard County Health Department. He was also Director of Allied Health at Everest University for 15 years.

Affiliations and expertise

Retired Professor, Science and Health Department, Eastern Florida State College, FL, USA

Oyindamola Akinso

Dr. Akinso is an assistant professor of public health at Nova Southeastern University. She is a global health specialist with over a decade of experience in public health practice and research. While in Nigeria, Oyindamola was deeply involved in global health practice including working in nonprofit and international development organizations, to improve maternal and child health in underserved populations. She is extensively involved in work on women and children’s health, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, gender-based violence and trauma in marginalized populations, and communicable disease control in the sub-Saharan African region.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor of Public Health at Nova Southeastern University, FL, USA

Katia Ferdowsi

Dr. Ferdowsi is a lecturer in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of Central Florida. She holds a medical degree from Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch and a Master of Public Health degree from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran, where she also completed her residency in community medicine.

Affiliations and expertise

Lecturer in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of Central Florida, FL, USA

Morvarid Moini

Dr. Moini is a Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry & serves as a Board Certified Pediatric Dentist. Dr. Moini earned a Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Central Florida. She's a proud graduate from Nova Southeastern University, where she received her Doctorate of Dental Medicine and Masters of Public Health. After dental school, Dr. Moini furthered her education by completing a 2-year, accredited residency program in Pediatric Dentistry at Tufts University, while serving as the chief resident. Dr. Moini is the owner of Pearl Pediatric Dental where she and her husband, Dr. Kihm provide comprehensive dental care and sedation for children of all ages.

Affiliations and expertise

Diplomate of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry & serves as a Board Certified Pediatric Dentist, Owner of Pearl Pediatric Dental, FL, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Health Care Today in the United States

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Jahangir Moini

Oyindamola Akinso

Katia Ferdowsi

Morvarid Moini

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