Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials
Polymer Nanocomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles
- 2nd Edition - July 24, 2021
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- Editors: James Njuguna, Krzysztof Pielichowski, Huijun Zhu
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 5 0 5 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 5 1 0 - 5
The first edition of Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials: Polymer Nanocomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles was published in 2014, but since that t… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThe first edition of Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials: Polymer Nanocomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles was published in 2014, but since that time, new developments in the field of nanomaterials safety have emerged, both at release and exposure, along with the expanding applications of the nanomaterials side. Numerous studies have been dedicated to the issue of biophysical interactions of nanoparticles with the human body at the organ, cellular, and molecular levels. In this second edition, all the chapters have been brought fully up to date. There are also four brand new chapters on the biophysical interaction of nanoparticles with the human body; advanced modeling approaches to help elucidate the nanorisks; safety measures at work with nanoparticles; and the health and environmental risks of graphene. It provides key knowledge and information needs for all those who are working in the research and development sector and need to learn more about the safety of nanomaterials.
- Focuses on the health and safety of polymer nanocomposites and other materials containing nanoparticles, as well as their medical and environmental implications
- Discusses the fundamental nature of various biophysical interactions of nanoparticles with the human body
- Looks at the physico-chemistry of nanoparticles and their uptake, translocation, transformation, transport, and biodistribution in mammalian and plant systems
- Presents the structure–activity relationships and modeling of the interactions of nanoparticles with biological molecules, biochemical pathways, analysis of biomolecular signatures, and the development of biomarkers
Academic and industrial researchers working in materials science who want to know more about the safety of nanomaterials, and regulators
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I: General Introduction
- 1. Nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites: types and properties
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Key terms and definitions
- 1.3 Common physical and chemical properties
- 1.4 Types of nanofiller
- 1.5 Nanocomposites: selected examples
- 1.6 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 2. Mechanisms of toxicity of engineered nanoparticles: adverse outcome pathway for dietary silver nanoparticles in mussels
- Abstract
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Factors affecting fate and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic environments
- 2.3 Uptake and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic organisms
- 2.4 Silver nanoparticles in the environment
- 2.5 Bivalve mollusks as model species
- 2.6 Adverse outcome pathway for dietary silver nanoparticles in mussels
- 2.7 Concluding remarks and future trends
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 3. Safety, regulation, and policy
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction: approaches to regulatory actions
- 3.2 Challenges for regulatory standards toward manufactured nanomaterials
- 3.3 Existing standards covering international guidance
- 3.4 The way forward and conclusions
- References
- Part II: Assessment of nanomaterials release and exposure
- 4. Measurement, testing, and characterization of airborne nanoparticles released from machining of nanoreinforced composites
- Abstract
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Sampling and measurement techniques
- 4.3 Controlled environment for particle measurement
- 4.4 Guidelines, handbooks, and recommendations
- 4.5 Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- 5. A study on the nanoparticle emissions into environment during mechanical drilling of polyester, polypropylene, and epoxy nanocomposite materials
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Method
- 5.3 Setup of mechanical drilling simulation process and released particle sampling
- 5.4 Particle characterization
- 5.5 Results and discussion
- 5.6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Conflicts of interest
- References
- 6. Scenario simulation at laboratory scale for the assessment of the release of engineered nanomaterials
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Approaches for release simulation: comparison of case studies of nanocomposite drilling
- 6.3 Development of scenarios simulating different life cycle stages of nanocomposites
- 6.4 Considerations for the (eco)toxicological assessment of samples released from nanocomposites
- 6.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 7. A life cycle perspective of the exposure to airborne nanoparticles released from nanotechnology enabled products and applications
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Airborne ENMs released from NEPs and NEAs: exposure at the workplace, household and environmental compartments
- 7.3 International guidance and standards and instrumentation for airborne nanoparticle exposure assessment
- 7.4 Generic approach for the release assessment of airborne ENMs from NEPs or NEAs from a risk assessment perspective
- 7.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Part III: Safety of particular type of nanomaterials
- 8. Nanomaterials at industrial workplace—an overview on safety
- Abstract
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Medical and pharmaceutical industry
- 8.3 Food and agricultural industry
- 8.4 Textile industry
- 8.5 Cosmetic industry
- 8.6 Construction and paint industry
- 8.7 Automobile industry
- 8.8 Electronic industry
- 8.9 Sport industry
- 8.10 Petroleum industry
- 8.11 Water industries
- 8.12 Safe handling of nanomaterials
- 8.13 Conclusion
- References
- 9. Clay minerals and solutions for green environment and human health
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Characteristics of clay minerals
- 9.3 Effect of clay minerals on environment
- 9.4 Toxicity of nanoclays in humans
- 9.5 Life cycle assessment (LCA) of nanoclay-reinforced materials
- 9.6 Conclusion and future trends
- References
- Further reading
- 10. Ecotoxicology effects of carbon nanotubes
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Test methods
- 10.3 Future development on risk assessment of NMs
- 10.4 Conclusion
- References
- 11. Analysis and correlations of metal-organic frameworks: applications and toxicity
- Abstract
- 11.1 What are metal-organic frameworks?
- 11.2 MOFs formation: a variety of synthesis conditions
- 11.3 MOFs applications
- 11.4 MOFs applications in biomedical engineering
- 11.5 Toxicity: a comprehensive overview
- 11.6 Outlook and future directions for MOFs implementation and toxicity assessment
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 12. The safety assessment of food chemicals in the nanoscale
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Identifying nanoparticles in products used in the food/feed chain
- 12.3 Characterizing the physicochemical parameters
- 12.4 Testing the stability in the digestive tract
- 12.5 Testing the toxicokinetic behavior
- 12.6 Screening for biopersistence by testing in lysosomal fluid
- 12.7 Testing (cyto)toxicity in vitro
- 12.8 Testing for potential genotoxicity
- 12.9 Testing toxicity in vivo
- 12.10 Assessing the level of exposure
- 12.11 Characterizing the risk
- Disclaimer
- References
- Part IV: Environmental risks of nanomaterials
- 13. Effects of nanomaterials on the benthic ecosystem: a case study with the snail Lymnaea stagnalis
- Abstract
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Model test species: Lymnaea stagnalis
- 13.3 Ecotoxicology of nanomaterials to the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis: a review
- 13.4 Case study: Acute toxicity of nanomaterials on Lymnaea stagnalis
- 13.5 Summary and conclusions
- References
- 14. Thermal degradation, flammability, and potential toxicity of polymer nanocomposites
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Thermal degradation processes of polymers and nanocomposites
- 14.3 Thermal stability of nanoparticles
- 14.4 Instrumentation and techniques to investigate degradation products of nanocomposites
- 14.5 Fire toxicity of degradation products of nanocomposites and its assessment
- 14.6 Intrinsic toxicity of nanoparticles
- 14.7 Ultrafine particle production during combustion of nanocomposites
- 14.8 Conclusion and future trends
- References
- 15. Nanoparticles as flame retardants in polymer materials: mode of action, synergy effects, and health/environmental risks
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Polymer nanocomposites preparation methods
- 15.3 Nanostructured flame retardants
- 15.4 Combustion behavior of polymer nanocomposites
- 15.5 Synergies from combining classical and nanostructured flame retardants
- 15.6 Health and environmental risks of conventional and nanostructured flame retardants
- 15.7 Conclusions and future trends
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 16. QSAR and machine learning modeling of toxicity of nanomaterials: a risk assessment approach
- Abstract
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Types of nanomaterials and nanotoxicity
- 16.3 Why do the QSAR and machine learning approach require for modeling of toxicity?
- 16.4 The concept and design of the major in silico approaches
- 16.5 Application of QSAR and machine learning models in toxicity prediction
- 16.6 Challenges and future directions
- 16.7 Overview and conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Conflicts of interest
- References
- 17. Life cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials
- Abstract
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Life cycle assessment framework
- 17.3 LCA and nanotechnology
- 17.4 Conclusion and outlook
- References
- 18. Recycling of materials containing inorganic and carbonaceous nanomaterials
- Abstract
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Recycling of engineered nanomaterials applied in reactors or as recoverable analytes
- 18.3 Recycling of nanocomposites consisting of nanomaterials and large-sized or macromaterials and of large assemblies of nanomaterials
- 18.4 Nanomaterials and sacrificed nanomaterials present in wastes
- 18.5 Release of nanomaterials linked to recycling facilities
- 18.6 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Index
- Edition: 2
- Published: July 24, 2021
- Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
- No. of pages: 534
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128205051
- eBook ISBN: 9780128205105
JN
James Njuguna
Prof. James Njuguna is the Academic Strategic Lead (Research) in Composite Materials at Robert Gordon University. He holds both PhD and MSc in Aeronautical Engineering from City, University of University. Dr. Njuguna is a Fellow of The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. He is a former Marie Curie Fellow and Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK) Fellow. He has held various academic positions at Cracow University of Technology (Poland) and Cranfield University (UK). His research interests are focused on polymer (nano)composites – their fabrication, characterisation of thermal and mechanical properties, and safe disposal.
Affiliations and expertise
Academic Strategic Lead (Research) in Composite Materials, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UKKP
Krzysztof Pielichowski
Professor Krzysztof Pielichowski, head of Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, is an expert in polymer (nano)technology and chemistry, particularly in the areas of polymer nanocomposites with engineering polymers and hybrid organic-inorganic materials containing POSS. Prof. Pielichowski is currently performing a research programme in the area of preparation of engineering polymer nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties for construction applications.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, PolandHZ
Huijun Zhu
Dr Huijun Zhu is a Senior Toxicologist at Cranfield University, UK.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Toxicologist, Cranfield University, UKRead Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials on ScienceDirect