Handbook on Nanobiomaterials for Therapeutics and Diagnostic Applications

1st Edition - March 18, 2021
Imprint: Elsevier
Editors: Anand Krishnan, Muthupandian Saravanan, Balakumar Chandrasekaran, Suvardhan Kanchi, Sarojini Jeeva Panchu, Quan-Sheng Chen
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 0 1 3 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 9 1 4 - 0

Handbook of Nano-biomaterials for Therapeutics and Diagnostic Applications covers in-depth topics on nano-biomaterials and nano drug delivery systems (biosensors and bioimagin… Read more

Handbook on Nanobiomaterials for Therapeutics and Diagnostic Applications

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Handbook of Nano-biomaterials for Therapeutics and Diagnostic Applications covers in-depth topics on nano-biomaterials and nano drug delivery systems (biosensors and bioimaging) involving polymer nanocomposites, metal nanocomposites, and other carbon family fibers and proteins. The book covers the current application of tiny machines or nanodevices and their use as early detection systems for life threatening diseases, giving detailed literature on the development of nanodevices, their use as diagnostic tools, and their present trend in the industry and market. In addition, their synthesis, potential applications and future of smart nanodevices in diagnosis of diseases and their use as smart clinical devices is covered.

Users will find sections on recent advances in interdisciplinary research on the processing, morphology, structure and properties of nanostructured materials and their applications in drug delivery for various diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, Alzheimer disease, ophthalmic diseases, and more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1: Nanosomes for drug delivery
Abstract
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Drug delivery system
1.3: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
1.4: Types of nanosomes in drug delivery
1.5: Nanosomes and gene therapy
1.6: Nanosome transportation mechanisms
1.7: Blockades of nanosome trafficking
1.8: Drug release
1.9: Conclusion
Chapter 2: Nanomaterials for bioimaging studies
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Dye-loaded fluorescent silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in bioimaging
2.3: Imaging, targeting, and drug delivery using multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles (MiNPs)
2.4: Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles
2.5: Conclusions
Chapter 3: Exosome RNAs as biomarkers for cancer therapy
Abstract
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Exosomes in cancer
3.3: Exosomes from body fluids
3.4: Exosomes derived from tumor cells
3.5: Exosomes—Role in maintaining a strategic distance from an assault from immune cells
3.6: Potential benefits of exosomal RNAs in malignant growth diagnostics and treatment
3.7: Conclusion
Chapter 4: Tumoral delivery of nanotherapeutics
Abstract
Disclosures
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Therapeutics employed for tumor treatment
4.3: Barriers to tumoral delivery of nanotherapeutics
4.4: Potential of nanocarriers for tumoral delivery of therapeutics
4.5: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 5: Biocompatibility and safety of nanobiomaterials
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Biocompatibility of nanobiomaterials
5.3: Biocompatibility of nanotubes
5.4: Factors affecting the biocompatibility
5.5: Safety assessment of nanosized biomaterials
5.6: Conclusions
Chapter 6: Analytical methods for the characterization of bionanomaterials
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Overview of physicochemical features
6.3: Analytical techniques for physicochemical characterization
6.4: Conclusions
Chapter 7: Instrumental analytical techniques for physicochemical characterization of bio-nanomaterials
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Consent for publication
Conflict of interest
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Modalities for physicochemical characterization
7.3: Conclusion
Chapter 8: Self-assemblies, dendrimers, and nanoparticles
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Section I: Self-assemblies
8.3: Section II: Dendrimers
8.4: Section III: Nanoparticles
8.5: Future perspectives
Chapter 9: Nanosomes for drug delivery: Recent advances and future prospects
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Nanosomes in drug delivery
9.3: Production and formulation of nanosomes
9.4: Characterization of nanoliposomes
9.5: Types of drug delivery nanosomes
9.6: Levels of nanosome drug targeting
9.7: Drug delivery mechanisms of nanosomes
9.8: Applications of nanosomes
9.9: Future prospects
Chapter 10: Applications of nanoscale particles in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Abstract
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Photophysics and photochemistry of PDT
10.3: aPDT as an emerging alternative antimicrobial therapy
10.4: Application of nanotechnology in aPDT
10.5: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 11: Nanomaterials for orthopaedic implants and applications
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Concept of bone repair process
11.3: Current treatment modalities and their drawbacks
11.4: Nanotechnology-enhanced orthopedic materials
11.5: Techniques for fabrication of nanomaterials
11.6: Characterization techniques of nanomaterials in orthopedic implants
11.7: Safety consideration of nanotechnology-enhanced orthopedic materials
11.8: Regulatory framework
11.9: Orthopedic applications of nanomaterials
11.10: Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 12: Nanotherapeutics: Tumor delivery of drugs and genes using nanoparticles for synergistic therapeutic effects in the modern pharmaceutical world for welfare of human
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Nanomaterials for drug delivery
12.3: Biological barriers that influence drug delivery
12.4: Nanoparticles for drug delivery
12.5: siRNA-based gene silencing in tumor therapy
12.6: Challenges in delivering siRNA and overcome to the approach
12.7: Function of nanoparticles in the delivery of siRNA
12.8: Nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
12.9: Codelivery of chemical drugs
12.10: Combination therapy based on drugs and siRNAs
12.11: Nanoparticles used for combination delivery of drug and siRNA
12.12: Conclusions
Chapter 13: Advanced drug delivery applications of self-assembled nanostructures and polymeric nanoparticles
Abstract
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Fundamentals of nanoscale drug design and delivery mechanisms
13.3: Self-assembly
13.4: Dendrimers
13.5: Polymeric nanoparticles
13.6: Future perspectives
13.7: Conclusions
Chapter 14: Theranostics and radiopharmaceuticals in cancer treatment
Abstract
Graphical abstract
14.1: Introduction
14.2: The new frontier of theranostic nanomedicines
14.3: Composite drug-loaded particles
14.4: Nanotheranostics
14.5: Theranostic agent and radionuclide
14.6: Radionuclide-based molecular theranostics
14.7: Radionuclides and radiopharmaceutical therapies
14.8: Nuclear medicine depends on a variety of factors in developing countries
14.9: Nuclear medicine practice with theranostics
14.10: SPECT, PET, and more attention to the practice of theranostics
14.11: The theranostic upturn of nuclear medicine
14.12: Conclusions
Chapter 15: MoS2 nanostructured materials for theranostics and device applications
Abstract
Acknowledgments
15.1: Introduction to two-dimensional nanomaterials
15.2: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)
15.3: Photothermal therapy
15.4: Theranostic applications
15.5: Biosensing applications
15.6: Conclusion
Chapter 16: Latest advances in triple-negative breast cancer nanotheranostics
Abstract
16.1: Introduction
16.2: The use of nanoparticles in TNBC
16.3: Nanoparticles in the diagnosis of TNBC
16.4: Conclusion
Chapter 17: Pharmaceutical nanocrystals
Abstract
17.1: Introduction
17.2: Nanoparticles in drug delivery
17.3: Nanocrystals
17.4: Production technologies of nanocrystals
17.5: Characterization of nanocrystals
17.6: Pharmaceutical applications of nanocrystals in drug delivery
17.7: Concluding remarks
Chapter 18: Nanocarriers in novel drug delivery system
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Consent for publication
Conflict of interest
18.1: Introduction
18.2: Nanomedicines
18.3: Significance of the formulation of nanomedicines
18.4: Design of the nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery
18.5: Types of nanocarriers
18.6: Mechanism of targeting to the site of action
18.7: Concluding remarks
Chapter 19: Emerging theranostic silver and gold nanobiomaterials for breast cancer: Present status and future prospects
Abstract
19.1: Cancer: A global menace
19.2: Nanomedicine as a novel approach to combat breast cancer
19.3: Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer
19.4: Hurdles for silver and gold nanobiomaterials as future breast cancer nanomedicine
19.5: Conclusions and future prospects
Chapter 20: Emerging mesoporous silica nanoparticle-mediated controlled and targeted drug delivery system: Present status and future prospects
Abstract
20.1: Introduction
20.2: Properties and surface functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles
20.3: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled and targeted drug delivery system
20.4: Future prospects
20.5: Summary
Chapter 21: Exosomes as an emerging nanoplatform for functional therapeutics
Abstract
21.1: Introduction
21.2: Established biological functions of exosomes
21.3: Computational analysis of exosome biomolecules
21.4: Online databases
21.5: Quantification of exosomes
21.6: Nanoparticle tracking system
21.7: Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 22: Significance of nanosomes for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
22.1: Introduction
22.2: Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease
22.3: Diagnosis of AD
22.4: Nanosome design and functionalization
22.5: Nanosomes as novel drug delivery system in different diseases
22.6: Nanodiagnostic approaches for early diagnosis of AD
22.7: Strategies of nanosomes for crossing the blood-brain barrier
22.8: Nanosome trafficking processes in AD
22.9: Conclusion and future perspective
Chapter 23: Nanobiosensors for theranostic applications
Abstract
Acknowledgments
23.1: Nanobiosensors: Outstanding properties serving medicine
23.2: Current advances in nanobiosensors for theragnostic applications
23.3: Future prospects and conclusions
Chapter 24: Polyelectrolyte multifaceted magnetic microcapsules for magnetic drug targeting at rheumatoid arthritic joints
Abstract
24.1: Introduction
24.2: Origin of rheumatoid arthritis
24.3: State of prevalence
24.4: The RA progression
24.5: Reports of rheumatoid arthritis in India
24.6: The current status of pathogenesis
24.7: Synovial joint
24.8: Causes of RA
24.9: Conventional and traditional LbL assembly
24.10: Various types of layer-by-layer self-assembly techniques
24.11: The current contributions of LbL to drug delivery
24.12: Preparation of magnetic capsules using LbL technique
24.13: In vitro antiarthritic studies
24.14: Results and discussions
24.15: Effect of formulation parameters on entrapment efficiency
24.16: Magnetometry
24.17: In vivo antiarthritic studies
24.18: Histopathological studies
24.19: Conclusion
Index

Anand Krishnan

Dr. Anand Krishnan is a Principal Investigator in the Department of Chemical Pathology at the University of the Free State, South Africa. He leads the Precision Medicine Integrative Nano Diagnostics (P-MIND) laboratories, focusing on the biological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in synthetic biology. His research includes cell surface protein modification, biomarker discovery from liquid biopsies, and the role of circulating biomarkers in disease and stem cell biology. Dr. Krishnan has authored over 150 articles and edited eight books with major publishers. He has received a National Research Foundation rating for Next Generation Researchers in South Africa and was recognized among the Top 2% of influential scientists by Stanford University. He is an active member of the International Society of Extracellular Vesicles, the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer, and the American Association of Cancer Research. He also serves as an editor for the eLife journal, focusing on the Africa region.

Affiliations and expertise

Precision Medicine and Integrated Nano-Diagnostics (P-MIND) Research Group, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Muthupandian Saravanan

Dr. Muthupandian Saravanan is currently a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Saveetha University, SIMATS, Chennai, India. He has a degree in Microbiology from Madurai Kamaraj University and a Doctorate with Specialization in Medical Microbiology and Nanomedicine from Sathyabama University, India. As a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, he studied nano-biomaterials and their biomedical applications. He later worked as Associate Professor, under the United Nation Development Program in Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology at Mekelle University in Ethiopia. He has published papers in high impact journals such as the Lancet and Nature. He has participated in more than 75 national and international conferences and reviewed of more than 100 international peer-reviewed journals. He has served as guest editor/ co-editor for reputed PubMed and Scopus indexed journals. He has received many fellowships and awards, notably the IET- Nanobiotechnology premium Awards in 2019 and 2020.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, AMR and Nanotherapeutics Lab, Department of Pharmacology Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)

Balakumar Chandrasekaran

Dr. Balakumar Chandraseakaran has expertise in Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry/ Drug Design and Drug Discovery. Presently he is currently working as Assistant Professor at Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Jordan. He received his Doctoral degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University (one of the best Universities in India) in the year 2013. After spending around 2 years in teaching profession, he did PostDoc Research for a period of 3 years (2015-18) with National Research Foundation (NRF) funding from South Africa. He has published many scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals and has authored five book chapters as well as review articles. He was recognised for his contributions and received awards from national and international organizations. He is the member of various professional bodies and editorial boards of the journals of International repute.

Affiliations and expertise

Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Jordan

Suvardhan Kanchi

Dr. Kanchi is the Research Scientist in fabricating the bio-sensors for the identification and quantification of high-intensity artificial sweeteners in food stuffs and biological samples. He completed his post doctoral research in Separation and Determination of High-Intensity Artificial Sweeteners (Sucralose, Neotame & Stevia glycosides with Capillary Electrophoresis and electrochemical methods (biosensors) in different Food Stuff’s from Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. He is associated with the Indian Society of Analytical Scientists (ISAS), India. He is also serving as the Executive Editor for American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics; EB member for International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment and many more. He is also having several reviewer experiences for many articles. Costing: option 1 with proofredaing

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemistry, Sambhram Institute of Technology, M.S. Palya, Jalahalli East, Bengaluru 560097, India

Sarojini Jeeva Panchu

Mrs Sarojini Jeeva Panchu has expertise in functional nano-materials for energy and biomedical applications. She has worked as a research assistant in central electrochemical research institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi, India from 2012- 2016. She received national research foundation (DST-NRF) fellowship in South Africa for doctoral research at Discipline of physics, School of chemistry and physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. She has published scientific articles in international peer-reviewed journals and membership in energy science society of India (ESSI). Her research interest includes nanomaterials synthesis by using hydrothermal, solvothermal, physical vapour deposition and chemical vapour deposition methods, solar cells, electrochemistry, fabrication of energy storage energy conversion and sensor devices systems for multianalyte analysis.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa

Quan-Sheng Chen

Dr. Chen Quan-Sheng is working as Professor in the School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China. He is a member of several scientific associations and editorial boards. He is Visiting Scholar University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA. He has successfully supervised over 12 postgraduate students. He has applied for 51 invention patents, and 31 of them have been authorized including a US patent and 30 CN patents. His research interest includes Rapid & non-destructive detection of Agri-product & food Real-time quality monitoring and control in food processing, Emerging analytical techniques for food quality and safety, including near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, biosensors, and hyperspectral imaging.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China

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Handbook on Nanobiomaterials for Therapeutics and Diagnostic Applications

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Anand Krishnan

Muthupandian Saravanan

Balakumar Chandrasekaran

Suvardhan Kanchi

Sarojini Jeeva Panchu

Quan-Sheng Chen

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