Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers

Properties, Characteristics and Data

1st Edition - April 15, 2023
Authors: Laurence W. McKeen, Sina Ebnesajjad
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 6 2 7 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 6 2 8 - 8

Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers: Properties, Characteristics and Data gathers key technical information about structure, characteristics, properties and processing… Read more

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Handbook of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers: Properties, Characteristics and Data gathers key technical information about structure, characteristics, properties and processing methods of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers in one easy reference. Thermoplastic fluoropolymers have many desirable functional characteristics, such as high thermal stability, reliability at high mechanical loads, a wide range of operating temperatures, and high chemical and radiation stability. These characteristics make them crucial in many specialist applications, including in the military, biopharmaceuticals and environmental protection. This uniquely comprehensive guide to this versatile family of polymers will help processors, fabricators and end-users find new and innovative solutions.

Detailed coverage of technical details of processing methods, characteristics, and chemical properties of commercial thermoplastic fluoropolymers all in one place make this the most authoritative reference to the subject available.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Plastics in medical devices
Copyright
Preface
Part I. Descriptions of fluoropolymers
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Commercialization
1.2. Developmental history of fluoropolymers
1.3. Market demand and growth
Chapter 2. Polytetrafluoroethylene: polymerization, properties, and microstructure
2.1. Manufacturing polytetrafluoroethylene
2.2. Fundamental properties of fluoropolymers
2.3. Crystalline structure and transitions of polytetrafluoroethylene
2.4. Images of polytetrafluoroethylene molecule
2.5. Processing PTFE
2.6. Examples of applications of PTFE
Chapter 3. Prefluoroethylene–propylene copolymer: polymerization, properties, and microstructure
3.1. Inception of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymers
3.2. Manufacturing FEP
3.3. Properties of perfluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer
3.4. Crystalline structure and transitions of FEP
3.5. Examples of uses of FEP
Chapter 4. Perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA): polymerization, properties, and microstructure
4.1. Inception of perfluoroalkoxy polymers
4.2. Manufacturing PFA
4.3. Properties of TFE/perfluoropropyl vinyl ether copolymer
4.4. Crystalline structure and transitions of PFA
4.5. Examples of uses of PFA
Chapter 5. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) polymers: basic properties, characteristics, and microstructure
5.1. Manufacturing polyvinylidene fluoride
5.2. Properties of polyvinylidene fluoride
5.3. Crystalline structure and transitions of polyvinylidene fluoride
5.4. Examples of uses of polyvinylidene fluoride
5.5. Manufacturing polyvinyl fluoride
5.6. Properties of polyvinyl fluoride films
5.7. Crystalline structure and transitions of polyvinyl fluoride
5.8. Examples of uses of polyvinyl fluoride
Chapter 6. Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE): basic properties, characteristics, and microstructure
6.1. Inception of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene polymers
6.2. Manufacturing ethylene tetrafluoroethylene polymers
6.3. Properties of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymers
6.4. Crystalline structure and transitions of ETFE
6.5. Examples of uses of ETFE
Chapter 7. Thermoplastic chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) polymers: basic properties, characteristics and microstructure
7.1. Manufacturing PCTFE
7.2. Properties of polychlorotrifluoroethylene
7.3. Crystalline structure and transitions of polychlorotrifluoroethylene
7.4. Examples of uses of polychlorotrifluoroethylene
7.5. Manufacturing ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)
7.6. Properties of ECTFE
7.7. Crystalline structure and transitions of ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers
7.8. Examples of uses of ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers
Chapter 8. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene: Basic properties, characteristics and microstructure
8.1. ePTFE structure
8.2. Properties and characteristics
8.3. Applications of ePTFE
Chapter 9. Fluorinated coatings
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Fluoropolymers used in coatings
9.3. Fluorocoating compositions
9.4. Liquid and powder coatings
9.5. Performance of fluorocoatings
9.6. Summary
Chapter 10. Filled fluoropolymer compounds: Basic properties, characteristics, and structure
10.1. PTFE compounds
10.2. Fillers
10.3. Applications
Part II. Physical properties of fluoropolymers
Chapter 11. Properties of fluoropolymer films
11.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
11.2. Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
11.3. Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)
11.4. Hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene terpolymer (HTE)
11.5. Tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride terpolymer (THV)
11.6. Amorphous fluoropolymer–Teflon AF
11.7. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
11.8. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
11.9. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
11.10. Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE)
11.11. Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE)
11.12. Summary
Chapter 12. Effect of Creep and other Time Related Factors on Fluoropolymers
12.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
12.2. Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
12.3. Perfluoro alkylvinylether (PFA/MFA)
12.4. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
12.5. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
12.6. Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)
12.7. Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)
Chapter 13. Fatigue and tribological properties of fluoropolymers
13.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
13.2. Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
13.3. Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)
13.4. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
13.5. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
13.6. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
13.7. Polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)
13.8. Polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)
Chapter 14. Effect of UV light and weather on the properties of fluoropolymers
14.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
14.2. Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
14.3. Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)
14.4. Amorphous fluoropolymer—Teflon AF
14.5. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
14.6. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
14.7. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
14.8. Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE)
14.9. Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE)
14.10. Tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride terpolymer (THV)
Chapter 15. The effects of temperature, humidity, and other factors on the properties of fluoropolymers
15.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
15.2. Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)
15.3. Perfluoro alkylvinylether (PFA/MFA)
15.4. Amorphous fluoropolymer
15.5. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
15.6. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
15.7. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
15.8. Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)
15.9. Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)
15.10. Epitaxial co-crystalline perfluoropolymer (ECC)
Chapter 16. The effect of long-term heat exposure on the properties of fluoropolymers
16.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
16.2. Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)
16.3. Perfluoro Alkylvinylether (PFA/MFA)
16.4. Amorphous fluoropolymer
16.5. Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF)
16.6. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
16.7. Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
16.8. Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE)
16.9. Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer (ECTFE)
16.10. Epitaxial Co-Crystalline Perfluoropolymer (ECC)
16.11. Summary
Part III. Chemical properties of fluoropolymers
Chapter 17. Effect of radiation on the properties of fluoropolymers
17.1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
17.2. Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)
17.3. Perfluoro Alkoxy (PFA)
17.4. Amorphous fluoropolymers
17.5. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
17.6. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
17.7. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
17.8. Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE)
17.9. Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer (ECTFE)
17.10. Summary
Chapter 18. Chemical resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene
Chapter 19. Chemical resistance of fluorinated tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer
Chapter 20. Chemical resistance of perfluoroalkoxy copolymer
Chapter 21. Chemical resistance of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
Chapter 22. Chemical resistance of polyvinyl fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride
22.1. Polyvinyl fluoride
22.2. Polyvinylidene fluoride
Chapter 23. Chemical resistance of polychlorotrifluoroethylene
Chapter 24. Chemical resistance of ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
Index

Laurence W. McKeen

Larry McKeen has a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin and worked for DuPont Fluoroproducts from 1978–2014. As a Senior Research Associate (Chemist), he was responsible for new product development including application technology and product optimization for particular end-uses, and product testing. He retired from DuPont at the end of 2014 and is currently a consultant.

Affiliations and expertise

Independent Consultant and Retired Senior Research Associate, DuPont Fluoroproducts, USA

Sina Ebnesajjad

Sina Ebnesajjad is the series editor of Plastics Design Library (PDL) published in the William Andrew imprint of Elsevier. This Series is a unique series, comprising technology and applications handbooks, data books and practical guides tailored to the needs of practitioners. Sina was the editor-in-chief of William Andrew Publishing from 2005 to 2007, which was acquired by Elsevier in 2009.

He retired as a Senior Technology Associate in 2005 from the DuPont fluoropolymers after nearly 24 years of service. Sina founded of FluoroConsultants Group, LLC in 2006 where he continues to work. Sina earned his Bachelor of Science from the School of Engineering of the University of Tehran in 1976, Master of Science and PhD from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, all in Chemical Engineering.

He is author, editor and co-author of fifteen technical and data books including five handbooks on fluoropolymers technology and applications. He is author and co-author of three books in surface preparation and adhesion of materials, two of which are in their second editions. Sina has been involved with technical writing and publishing since 1974.

His experiences include fluoropolymer technologies (polytetrafluoroethylene and its copolymers) including polymerization, finishing, fabrication, product development, failure analysis, market development and technical service. Sina holds six patents.

Affiliations and expertise

Fluoroconsultants Group, Chadds Ford, PA, USA

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